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Achomi ( fa, اچُمی), also known as Larestani and Khodmooni, is a Southwestern Iranian Persian language spoken by
people A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of prope ...
in southern Fars and western Hormozgan and by significant numbers of immigrant groups in
Kuwait Kuwait (; ar, الكويت ', or ), officially the State of Kuwait ( ar, دولة الكويت '), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf, bordering Iraq to Iraq–Ku ...
,
Bahrain Bahrain ( ; ; ar, البحرين, al-Bahrayn, locally ), officially the Kingdom of Bahrain, ' is an island country in Western Asia. It is situated on the Persian Gulf, and comprises a small archipelago made up of 50 natural islands and a ...
,
Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...
,
Qatar Qatar (, ; ar, قطر, Qaṭar ; local vernacular pronunciation: ), officially the State of Qatar,) is a country in Western Asia. It occupies the Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East; it sh ...
, the
United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates (UAE; ar, اَلْإِمَارَات الْعَرَبِيَة الْمُتَحِدَة ), or simply the Emirates ( ar, الِْإمَارَات ), is a country in Western Asia (Middle East, The Middle East). It is ...
and other
Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf ( fa, خلیج فارس, translit=xalij-e fârs, lit=Gulf of Fars, ), sometimes called the ( ar, اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. The bo ...
Arab countries. It is the predominant language of Larestan,
Khonj Khonj ( fa, خنج, also known as Khunj and Khunji) is a city and capital of Khonj County, Fars Province, Iran. From the 2006 census, its population was 19,347, in 3,353 families. It is located at an altitude of . Khonj was traditionally part ...
, Gerash,
Lamerd Lamerd ( fa, لامرد, also Romanized as Lāmerd and Lāmard, also known as Tarakma) is a city and capital of Lamerd County, Fars Province, Iran. The population was 21,365 with 4,021 families as of the 2006 census. Its main industries are based ...
, and Evaz counties in Fars and
Bastak County Bastak ( fa, بستک) is a city and capital of Bastak County, Hormozgan Province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Tur ...
in Hormozgan Province. It is also spoken by some
Huwala Huwala ( ar, الهولة, sing. Huwali هولي) also collectively referred to as Bani Huwala, is a blanket term usually used to refer to Iranian Arabs who originate from the Arabian Peninsula, initially migrating in the 13th and 14th century fr ...
s in the Gulf countries. The majority of Achomi speakers are Sunni Muslims.


Etymology and name of the language

There are different ways to refer to this language. *Achomi: Native speakers often refer to their language as Achomi. There are different reasons for this name. One of them is the language's frequent usage of the ʃconsonant. The second reason originates from when Arabs began trading with Achomis. This because Arabs called Achomis 'Ajam', which means non-Arab. Therefore, Achomi is a variation of Ajam. Additionally, Achomi can be linked to Achom, which means 'I go' in the language. *Khodmooni: In Arab states surrounding the Persian Gulf, Achomis are referred to as Khodmooni'. This translates to "of our own kind". *Larestani: UNESCO mentions Larestani as a name for Achomi. This name comes from Larestan, where the language's speakers reside. Etymologically, 'Lar' comes from 'Lad' which means "the origin of everything". * Lari: This language is sometimes called Lari. To reiterate, 'Lar' originates from 'Lad' which means "the origin of everything".It is also important to note that Lari can be used to refer to a dialect or a language.


History

The Achomi language can be considered a descendant of the Sassanid Persian language or
Middle Persian Middle Persian or Pahlavi, also known by its endonym Pārsīk or Pārsīg () in its later form, is a Western Middle Iranian language which became the literary language of the Sasanian Empire. For some time after the Sasanian collapse, Middle P ...
. Achomi language and its various local dialects such as Lari, Evazi, Khonji, Gerashi, Bastaki, etc., is the branch of the Middle Persian (Pahlavi) language of the Sassanid Empire. Today, the language is known as an endangered language. In particular, UNESCO refers to it as a "definitely endangered" language with approximately 80,000 speakers. It also does not have official language status in Iran. This is because Iran only recognizes Persian as an official language. However, Iran allows the use of minority languages, such as Achomi, in the media and the education system (alongside Persian). Nevertheless, Achomi remains an endangered language with many dialectal differences gradually disappearing because of the domination of Persian. Many Iranians moved to Arab States in order to pursue better economic opportunities. This included Achomis. These Achomis are often multilingual. Achomi migrants still speak this language in their homes, however, this variety has been influenced by the
Arabic language Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter ...
a little but is mutually intelligible with standard Persian.


Classification

The language is a branch of the Pahlavi language. This means that it shares the ergative structure of Pahlavi. It is also an analytical language. This can be linked back to its membership in the southwestern branch of Middle-Iranian languages. With the exception of the regional accent, pronunciation of certain words, and a slight variation in grammar, this old language has been the common language of the Southwestern Pars Province and parts of Hormozgan Province for nearly 1,800 years despite the various conquests of the region since the fall of the Sassanid Empire.


Dialects

Achomi has many dialects. These dialects correspond to Larestan's different towns. Examples of these dialects include Lari, Evazi, Gerashi, Khonji and Bastaki.These dialectical variations may present themselves through pronunciation. There may also be grammatical and word differences between the dialects. Hence, if the speaker is from Evaz, they are referred as speaking Evazi, and if they are from Bastak their dialect is known as Bastaki. An example of a dialectal variation: in some particular regions, Achomi people say ''raftom'' for "I went" (very similar to the Persian ''raftam''), but in some other regions, just as Lar people, they say (Kurdish: ''dichim'' or ''dechim)'' instead.


Samples


Verbs

To make simple past verbs The ids (om / ot / osh / mo / tosho) + The simple past root of the first type Example: Omgot: I said oshbu: you (You could be referring to one or more) won Tokha: You (has to be more than two people) ate And ... The root of the past simple second type + ids (am / esh / ruleless / em / eh / et) Example: Chedam: a to be shortened! I went Khatesh: Sleep bodem: we got And...


Passive

To create a passive verb in past tense we can use the verb root plus its proper prefix. For example, in Achomi, the root for the verb "to tell" is ''got'' (''gota'' equals "tell"). omgot (om+got), Kurdish (migot or min got) = I told ... (om+got), Kurdish () = You told... (osh+got), Kurdish () = He told... (mo+got), Kurdish () = We told... (to+got), Kurdish pl () = You (pl) told (sho+got), Kurdish () = They told Another example: "deda" means "see," and "dee" Kurdish (Deed or dee) is the root verb. So: omdee = I saw, Kurdish () otdee= you saw, Kurdish (tu-te dee).... To create a simple present or continued present tense of a passive verb, here's another example: agota'em (a+got+aem):I am telling... agota'esh (a+got+aesh): You are telling... agotay (a+got+ay): He is telling... agota'am (a+got+a'am): We are telling... agotay (a+got+ay): You (pl) are telling... agota'en (a+got+a'en): They are telling... For the verb "see" ("deda"): adead'em, adeda'esh, adeaday,...


References

{{authority control Southwestern Iranian languages Languages of Iran