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''Acetes'' is a
genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...
of small
shrimp Shrimp are crustaceans (a form of shellfish) with elongated bodies and a primarily swimming mode of locomotion – most commonly Caridea and Dendrobranchiata of the decapod order, although some crustaceans outside of this order are ref ...
that resemble
krill Krill are small crustaceans of the order Euphausiacea, and are found in all the world's oceans. The name "krill" comes from the Norwegian word ', meaning "small fry of fish", which is also often attributed to species of fish. Krill are consi ...
, which is native to the western and central
Indo-Pacific The Indo-Pacific is a vast biogeographic region of Earth. In a narrow sense, sometimes known as the Indo-West Pacific or Indo-Pacific Asia, it comprises the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the ...
, the Atlantic coast of the Americas, Pacific coast of South America and inland waters of South America. Although most are from marine or
estuarine An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. Estuaries form a transition zone between river environments and maritime environmen ...
habitats, the South American ''A. paraguayensis'' is a fresh water species. Several of its species are important for the production of
shrimp paste Shrimp paste or prawn sauce is a fermented condiment commonly used in Southeast Asian and Southern Chinese cuisines. It is primarily made from finely crushed shrimp or krill mixed with salt, and then fermented for several weeks. They are ei ...
in
Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainland ...
, including '' A. japonicus'', which is the world's most heavily fished species of wild shrimp or prawn in terms of total tonnage. In Southeast Asia, ''Acetes'' have different local names depending on the country. It is known as rebon in
Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Gui ...
, geragau in
Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federal constitutional monarchy consists of thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two regions: Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo's East Mal ...
, bubuk in
Brunei Brunei ( , ), formally Brunei Darussalam ( ms, Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi: , ), is a country located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Apart from its South China Sea coast, it is completely surrounded by th ...
, alamang in the
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
, among others.


Description

The genus is characterised by the loss of the fourth and fifth pairs of pereiopods. They are small prawns, long,
translucent In the field of optics, transparency (also called pellucidity or diaphaneity) is the physical property of allowing light to pass through the material without appreciable scattering of light. On a macroscopic scale (one in which the dimensions ...
, but with a pair of black eyes, and a number of red spots of
pigment A pigment is a colored material that is completely or nearly insoluble in water. In contrast, dyes are typically soluble, at least at some stage in their use. Generally dyes are often organic compounds whereas pigments are often inorganic compou ...
on the
uropod Uropods are posterior appendages found on a wide variety of crustaceans. They typically have functions in locomotion. Definition Uropods are often defined as the appendages of the last body segment of a crustacean. An alternative definition sugge ...
s.


Life cycle

The
eggs Humans and human ancestors have scavenged and eaten animal eggs for millions of years. Humans in Southeast Asia had domesticated chickens and harvested their eggs for food by 1,500 BCE. The most widely consumed eggs are those of fowl, especial ...
of ''Acetes'' are green. As they develop, they swell to twice their original size or more. The eggs hatch early in the year, and the
larva A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. ...
e grow, mature and spawn in the same year.


Taxonomy

It includes 14 species, which are listed here with their FAO endorsed common names: *'' Acetes americanus'' Ortmann, 1893 – aviu shrimp *'' Acetes binghami'' Burkenroad, 1934 *'' Acetes chinensis'' Hansen, 1919 – northern mauxia shrimp *'' Acetes erythraeus'' Nobili, 1905 – tsivakihini paste shrimp *'' Acetes indicus'' H. Milne-Edwards, 1830 – Jawala paste shrimp *'' Acetes intermedius'' Omori, 1975 – Taiwan mauxia shrimp *'' Acetes japonicus'' Kishinouye, 1905 – akiami paste shrimp *'' Acetes johni'' Nataraj, 1947 *'' Acetes marinus'' Omori, 1975 *'' Acetes natalensis'' Barnard, 1950 *'' Acetes paraguayensis'' Hansen, 1919 *'' Acetes serrulatus'' (Krøyer, 1859) – southern mauxia shrimp *'' Acetes sibogae'' Hansen, 1919 – alamang shrimp *'' Acetes vulgaris'' Hansen, 1919 – jembret shrimp


Fishery

Many species of ''Acetes'' are fished for commercially, and the different species are often not discriminated. ''Acetes'' are the most fished genus of
crustacean Crustaceans (Crustacea, ) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such animals as decapods, seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, amphipods and mantis shrimp. The crustacean group can ...
, with global production in 2008 of . Fishers mostly use push nets and bag nets, as well as seines both on boats and from the shore.


Preparation

Only a small proportion of the entire catch is sold fresh, with most of it being dried, salted or
fermented Fermentation is a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substrates through the action of enzymes. In biochemistry, it is narrowly defined as the extraction of energy from carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen. In food p ...
. The caught prawns are washed and then mixed with of
salt Salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl), a chemical compound belonging to the larger class of salts; salt in the form of a natural crystalline mineral is known as rock salt or halite. Salt is present in vast quant ...
per of prawns. The prawns are then crushed using cleavers and packed into various containers, where the paste remains for around 4 hours. After this, the paste is re-packed, before being left to mature for a month, after which it is mixed and crushed again, and then packed for sale. If a producer cannot sell the paste quickly, it can be kept for up to 6 months, mincing it every month or so. The resulting paste is reported to contain 16.2%
protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, res ...
and 1.3% fat.


See also

* Shrimp fishery *
Shrimp paste Shrimp paste or prawn sauce is a fermented condiment commonly used in Southeast Asian and Southern Chinese cuisines. It is primarily made from finely crushed shrimp or krill mixed with salt, and then fermented for several weeks. They are ei ...


References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1927166 Dendrobranchiata Decapod genera Commercial crustaceans Edible crustaceans Taxa named by Henri Milne-Edwards