Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras
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The ''Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras'' (AMAN, en, Military Academy of Agulhas Negras - named after the Agulhas Negras summit) is the biggest among several schools of formation of combatant officers of the Brazilian Army. It originated in 1792 with the creation of the Royal Academy of Artillery, Fortification and Drawing, the first military school of the Americas, in the city of
Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b ...
. Today the Academy is located in the city of Resende, in the state of
Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b ...
.


History

In 1792, Queen Mary I of Portugal and Brazil founded the ''Real Academia de Artilharia, Fortificação e Desenho'' (Royal Academy of Artillery, Fortification and Drawing) in Rio de Janeiro, modeled after the existing Academy in Lisbon, intended to train
artillery Artillery is a class of heavy military ranged weapons that launch munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls and fortifications during siege ...
and
engineering Engineering is the use of scientific method, scientific principles to design and build machines, structures, and other items, including bridges, tunnels, roads, vehicles, and buildings. The discipline of engineering encompasses a broad rang ...
officers of the
Portuguese Army The Portuguese Army ( pt, Exército Português) is the land component of the Armed Forces of Portugal and is also its largest branch. It is charged with the defence of Portugal, in co-operation with other branches of the Armed Forces. With its ...
in Brazil. This Academy is considered the pioneer of military and engineering education in the Americas. The transfer of the Portuguese Royal Court from
Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...
to
Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b ...
in 1808 after they fled from Napoleon's invasion of Portugal caused King
Dom João VI , house = Braganza , father = Peter III of Portugal , mother = Maria I of Portugal , birth_date = , birth_place = Queluz Palace, Queluz, Portugal , death_date = , death_place = Bemposta Palace, Lisbon, Portugal , ...
to inaugurate on 23 April 1811 the ''Real Academia Militar'' (Royal Military Academy), incorporating the previous Royal Academy of Artillery, Fortification and Drawing. Its first location was at the Artillery academy, today the location of the National Historical Museum of Brazil. In 1812, it was transferred to the São Francisco square, a place that offered better conditions for warfare maneuvers. With the Independence of Brazil in 1822, it was renamed the ''Imperial Academia Militar'' (Imperial Military Academy). With the ever-growing need to improve the training of the officers of the Brazilian Army, it was merged with the School of War in
Porto Alegre Porto Alegre (, , Brazilian ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Its population of 1,488,252 inhabitants (2020) makes it the List of largest cities in Brazil, twelfth most populous city in the country ...
,
Rio Grande Do Sul Rio Grande do Sul (, , ; "Great River of the South") is a Federative units of Brazil, state in the South Region, Brazil, southern region of Brazil. It is the Federative_units_of_Brazil#List, fifth-most-populous state and the List of Brazilian st ...
. In 1913, with the objective of uniting all the military institutes of War and Application, was created the Military Academy. Given the urgent need to expand the facilities to serve a growing and fully operational Army, the Military School of Resende was created in the city of Resende on January 1, 1944. It was renamed the ''Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras'' in 1951. The first female cadets of the Academy entered its doors in 2017.


AMAN today

The AMAN campus in Resende occupies 67 km². It contains several complexes, including the Main Complex, the Physical Education Department, the Equestrian Department, the Firearms Department and the Instruction Park. The Main Complex was expanded in 1988 to two times its original size, the expansion consisting mainly of refectories and cadets' lodgings. The Command and Services
Battalion A battalion is a military unit, typically consisting of 300 to 1,200 soldiers commanded by a lieutenant colonel, and subdivided into a number of companies (usually each commanded by a major or a captain). In some countries, battalions are ...
includes the Headquarters Company, a Service Company, a Military Police Company, a Guard Company, a Rifleman Company, and two Corps of Cadets Auxiliary Companies. It is the largest Battalion of the Brazilian Army.


Structure

The Cadet corps are constituted by a Commander, a Deputy Commander, a staff and diverse Courses and peculiar Sections, composites for Officers and Cadets with the diverse missions and characteristics. Specialties include
infantry Infantry is a military specialization which engages in ground combat on foot. Infantry generally consists of light infantry, mountain infantry, motorized infantry & mechanized infantry, airborne infantry, air assault infantry, and marine i ...
,
cavalry Historically, cavalry (from the French word ''cavalerie'', itself derived from "cheval" meaning "horse") are soldiers or warriors who fight mounted on horseback. Cavalry were the most mobile of the combat arms, operating as light cavalry ...
,
artillery Artillery is a class of heavy military ranged weapons that launch munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls and fortifications during siege ...
,
combat engineering A combat engineer (also called pioneer or sapper) is a type of soldier who performs military engineering tasks in support of land forces combat operations. Combat engineers perform a variety of military engineering, tunnel and mine warfare task ...
,
communications Communication (from la, communicare, meaning "to share" or "to be in relation with") is usually defined as the transmission of information. The term may also refer to the message communicated through such transmissions or the field of inquir ...
,
quartermaster Quartermaster is a military term, the meaning of which depends on the country and service. In land armies, a quartermaster is generally a relatively senior soldier who supervises stores or barracks and distributes supplies and provisions. In m ...
, and
ordnance Ordnance may refer to: Military and defense *Materiel in military logistics, including weapons, ammunition, vehicles, and maintenance tools and equipment. **The military branch responsible for supplying and developing these items, e.g., the Unit ...
. Cadets receive training in riding, weaponry, and physical fitness.


Educational curriculum

Just like so many military academies in the world, the AMAN is a medium-sized, highly residential baccalaureate college, with a full-time, four-year undergraduate program that emphasizes instruction in the arts, sciences, and professions with no graduate program, preparing men and women to take on the challenge of being officers of the Brazilian Army. A cadet's career begins at the Preparatory School of the Brazilian Army (Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército), where they complete an initial year of military studies. Later, they should attend the Academy where another year of basic formation training takes place. The next period, qualification, lasts from the second to the fourth year. In the first period, the cadet's personality is adjusted to military life and combat. The cadet undergoes physical qualification and training in various abilities. During the second period, the cadet practices command, continues with physical training and develops to meet the positions and functions of subordinate officer and captain. Other activities include maneuvers, the Academic Olympics, sporting competitions against the Naval School and the Academy of the Air Force (NAVAMAER) and the South American Festival of Cadets.


Undergraduate program – academic

The academic program consists of a structured core of subjects depending on the cadet's chosen specialty as a future Army officer, balanced between the arts and sciences. In the first year the cadets receive common education in various subjects and from the second year onward studies depend on the specialty branch he or she will be posted after graduation. Regardless of major, all cadets graduate with a Bachelor of Military Science degree.


Undergraduate program – military

As all cadets are commissioned as aspirants upon graduation, military and leadership education is nested with academic instruction. Military training and discipline fall under the purview of the Office of the Commandant of Cadets. After the preparatory period in the EsPCEx, the New Cadets join the ranks of the Corps in February every year. Each New Cadet receives strict military training as part of his/her first year in the academy, including physical training and arms training. They are recognized as full cadets in a ceremony in August where they receive ceremonial daggers, similar to those used by the Duke of Caixas, whilst wearing the blue dress uniform of the Corps. During the summer, the fourth class cadets spend their vacations in the specialty branch school of their choice, beginning the second year as full fledged third class cadets of their chosen service branches within the Army: * Infantry Branch * Armored Cavalry * Field and Air Defense Artillery * Corps of Engineers * Signal Corps * Logistics * Materiel In addition to the tough physical training regime and weapons training, each of the cadets are trained to endure the tough environments of the country in the performance of defense and security operations, as well as in assisting law enforcement and in peacekeeping duties abroad. During the Brazilian spring, all cadets go towards one year-end training exercise to assess their skills and apply the lessons learned during their studies.


Cadet Ranks

Image:CAD-AMAN1.png, 1st Year Cadet Rank Image:CAD-AMAN2.png, 2nd Year Cadet Rank Image:CAD-AMAN3.png, 3rd Year Cadet Rank Image:CAD-AMAN4.png, 4th Year Cadet Rank


Notable alumni

Alumni from the Military Academy in Rio de Janeiro, both in the old campus (
Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b ...
) and new campus ( Resende,
Rio de Janeiro state Rio de Janeiro () is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil. It has the second largest economy of Brazil, with the largest being that of the state of São Paulo. The state, which has 8.2% of the Brazilian population, is responsible for 9.2% of ...
): *
Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias (25 August 1803 – 7 May 1880), nicknamed "the Peacemaker" and "Iron Duke", was an army officer, politician and monarchist of the Empire of Brazil. Like his father and uncles, Caxias pursued a ...
– Official patron of the Army and
Prime Minister of Brazil Historically, the political post of Prime Minister, officially called President of the Council of Ministers ( pt, Primeiro-ministro, Presidente do Conselho de Ministros), existed in Brazil in two different periods: from 1847 to 1889 (during the E ...
. *
José Paranhos, Viscount of Rio Branco José Maria da Silva Paranhos, Viscount of Rio Branco (16 March 1819 – 1 November 1880), was a Brazilian politician, monarchist, diplomat, teacher and journalist. Rio Branco was born in Salvador, in what was then the Captaincy of Bahi ...
– Prime Minister of Brazil. *
Alfredo d'Escragnolle Taunay, Viscount of Taunay Alfredo Maria Adriano d'Escragnolle Taunay, Viscount of Taunay (February 22, 1843 – January 25, 1899), was a Brazilian writer, musician, professor, military engineer, historian, politician, sociologist and nobleman. He is famous for the region ...
– Brazilian aristocrat, military officer and writer. *
Deodoro da Fonseca Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca (; 5 August 1827 – 23 August 1892) was a Brazilian politician and military officer who served as the first president of Brazil. He was born in Alagoas in a military family, followed a military career, and became a n ...
– Marshal and
President of Brazil The president of Brazil ( pt, Presidente do Brasil), officially the president of the Federative Republic of Brazil ( pt, Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil) or simply the ''President of the Republic'', is the head of state and head o ...
. *
Floriano Peixoto Floriano Vieira Peixoto ( 30 April 1839 – 29 June 1895), born in Ipioca (today a district of the city of Maceió in the State of Alagoas), nicknamed the "Iron Marshal", was a Brazilian soldier and politician, a veteran of the Paraguay ...
– Marshal and President of Brazil. * Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca – Marshal and
President of Brazil The president of Brazil ( pt, Presidente do Brasil), officially the president of the Federative Republic of Brazil ( pt, Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil) or simply the ''President of the Republic'', is the head of state and head o ...
. *
Eurico Gaspar Dutra Eurico Gaspar Dutra (; 18 May 1883 – 11 June 1974) was a Brazilian military leader and politician who served as the 16th president of Brazil from 1946 to 1951. He was the first President of the Fourth Brazilian Republic, which followed the ...
– Marshal, Minister of War during
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
and President of Brazil. *
Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco Marshal Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco () (September 20, 1897 – July 18, 1967) was a Brazilian military leader and politician. He served as the first president of the Brazilian military dictatorship after the 1964 military coup d'etat. ...
– Marshal and President of Brazil. *
Artur da Costa e Silva Artur da Costa e Silva (; 3 October 1899 – 17 December 1969) was a Brazilian Army Marshal and the second president of the Brazilian military government that came to power after the 1964 coup d'état. He reached the rank of Marshal of the Br ...
– Marshal and President of Brazil. *
Emílio Garrastazu Médici Emílio Garrastazu Médici (; 4 December 1905 – 9 October 1985) was a Brazilian military leader and politician who was the president of Brazil from 1969 to 1974. His authoritarian rule marked the apex of the Brazilian military regime. Early ...
– General and President of Brazil. *
Ernesto Geisel Ernesto Beckmann Geisel (, ; 3 August 1907 – 12 September 1996) was a Brazilian Army officer and politician, who was President of Brazil from 1974 to 1979, during the Brazilian military regime. Early life and family Ernesto Geisel was born ...
– General and President of Brazil. * João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo – President of Brazil, previous chief of the National Intelligence Service of Brazil. *
Golbery do Couto e Silva Golbery do Couto e Silva (August 21, 1911 – September 18, 1987) was a Brazilian general and politician. Biography Golbery do Couto e Silva was born in Rio Grande, a city in the Southern State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. At the age of 16, he ...
– General and founder of the
National Intelligence Service of Brazil The Serviço Nacional de Informações, or SNI (National Information Service) of Brazil was formed by the military dictatorship in Brazil under Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco in 1964. SNI was disbanded for a time and later resu ...
(SNI). * Enzo Martins Peri – General of the Army, former Brazilian Army commander. * Eduardo Dias da Costa Villas Bôas – General of the Army, Brazilian Army commander. *
Alacid Nunes Alacid da Silva Nunes (25 November 1924 – 5 September 2015) was a Brazilian politician and retired military commander and colonel. Nunes served as the Governor of the Brazilian state of Pará for two nonconsecutive tenures: 1966 to 1971 and f ...
– Governor of
Pará Pará is a Federative units of Brazil, state of Brazil, located in northern Brazil and traversed by the lower Amazon River. It borders the Brazilian states of Amapá, Maranhão, Tocantins (state), Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Amazonas (Brazilian state) ...
(1966–1971, 1979–1983). * Arolde de Oliveira – Senator for
Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b ...
(2019-2020). * Antônio Hamilton Martins Mourão – General of the Army, former Commander of the Southern Military Command, Vice President of Brazil. * Jair Messias Bolsonaro – President of Brazil.


Gallery

Image:Luís Alves de Lima e Silva.jpg, The
Duke of Caxias Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are ranke ...
. AMAN cadets swear the following oath: "''I receive the
saber A sabre (French: sabʁ or saber in American English) is a type of backsword with a curved blade associated with the light cavalry of the early modern and Napoleonic periods. Originally associated with Central European cavalry such as the ...
of Caxias as the symbol of military honor itself.''" Image:Marechal_JOSE_PESSOA.jpg, Marshal
José Pessoa Cavalcanti de Albuquerque José Pessoa Cavalcanti de Albuquerque (13 September 1885 in Cabaceiras – 16 August 1959 in Rio de Janeiro) was a military officer, who became a Marshal in the Brazilian Army. Son of Cândido Albuquerque and Maria Albuquerque, he was th ...
, nephew of president
Epitácio Pessoa Epitácio Lindolfo da Silva Pessoa (; 23 May 1865 – 13 February 1942) was a Brazilian politician and jurist who served as 11th president of Brazil between 1919 and 1922, when Rodrigues Alves was unable to take office due to illness, after bein ...
. He was responsible for the modern campus in 1944. Image:EnzoPeri(editado)2010.jpg, General Enzo Martins Peri, former Brazilian Army commander. He entered the Agulhas Negras Military Academy in 1960. Image:2005 f santiago rj.jpg, Building where the ''Royal Academy of Artillery, Blockhouse and Drawing'' was founded in 1792 by Queen
Mary I of Portugal , succession = Queen of Portugal , image = Maria I, Queen of Portugal - Giuseppe Troni, atribuído (Turim, 1739-Lisboa, 1810) - Google Cultural Institute.jpg , caption = Portrait attributed to Giuseppe Troni, , reign ...
in
Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b ...
. Image:AMAN visita presidencial 2006.JPG, Presidential visit in 2006. Image:AMAN visita presidencial 2006 03.JPG, President Lula da Silva, the Minister of Defence Waldir Pires, Senator Rebelo and Generals listen to a speech by a cadet in 2006. Image:AMAN visita presidencial 2006 02.JPG, President Lula da Silva delivering a small replica of the saber of the
Duke of Caxias Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are ranke ...
to a cadet in 2006. Image:Graduation Agulhas Negras.JPG, President Lula da Silva and the Minister of Defence
Nelson Jobim Nelson Azevedo Jobim (born in Santa Maria, RS, 12 April 1946) is a Brazilian jurist, politician and businessman. He held the positions as congressman, Minister of Justice, Minister of Defense, Minister of the Supreme Federal Court (STF), where ...
delivering a sword during a graduation.


See also

* Brazilian Army *
Escola de Comando e Estado-Maior do Exército The Escola de Comando e Estado-Maior do Exército - ECEME (Brazilian Army Command and General Staff School) - Escola Marechal Castello Branco – is in the Urca neighborhood, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is an educational unit of ...
*
Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército The Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército - EsPCEx (Brazilian Army Preparatory School of Cadets) is a coeducational one-year military school in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. EsPCEx started construction in 1944, but due to budget constrain ...
* List of Commanders of the Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras *
List of Commanders of the Escola de Comando e Estado-Maior do Exército A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby union ...
* Academia da Força Aérea *
United States Military Academy The United States Military Academy (USMA), also known metonymically as West Point or simply as Army, is a United States service academy in West Point, New York. It was originally established as a fort, since it sits on strategic high groun ...
- the
United States Army The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution.Article II, section 2, cla ...
equivalent


References

*


External links

* Official website
Resende.com
City maps and tourist information
Video - Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras -
Programa TVendo e Aprendendo 19/05/2009 {{Authority control Undergraduate military academies of Brazil 1792 establishments in Brazil Brazilian Army Educational institutions established in 1792