Abu Muhammad ar-Rashid Abd al-Wahid ( ar, أبو محمد الرشيد عبد الواحد بن المأمون; Abū Muḥammad Ar-Rashīd `Abd al-Wāḥid ibn Al-Mā'mūn; died 4 December 1242) was an
Almohad
The Almohad Caliphate (; ar, خِلَافَةُ ٱلْمُوَحِّدِينَ or or from ar, ٱلْمُوَحِّدُونَ, translit=al-Muwaḥḥidūn, lit=those who profess the unity of God) was a North African Berber Muslim empire fou ...
caliph who reigned from 1232 until his death.
Life
Following the death of his father
Idris I
Idris (I) ibn Abd Allah ( ar, إدريس بن عبد الله, translit=Idrīs ibn ʿAbd Allāh), also known as Idris the Elder ( ar, إدريس الأكبر, translit=Idrīs al-Akbar), (d. 791) was an Arab Hasanid Sharif and the founder of the ...
(who lost his life marching against the rival caliph,
Yahya al-Mu'tasim, who was in control of the capital
Marrakesh), Abd al-Wāḥid became the new caliph, marking the beginning of the final fragmentation of the
Almohad Caliphate. He was not able to oust Yahya from
Marrakesh, while the
Emir of Tlemcen become independent from 1236 (founding the
Zayyanid dynasty
The Zayyanid dynasty ( ar, زيانيون, ''Ziyānyūn'') or Abd al-Wadids ( ar, بنو عبد الواد, ''Bānu ʿabd āl-Wād'') was a Berber Zenata dynasty that ruled the Kingdom of Tlemcen, mainly in modern Algeria centered on the town of ...
), following the example of the
Hafsid
The Hafsids ( ar, الحفصيون ) were a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Berber descentC. Magbaily Fyle, ''Introduction to the History of African Civilization: Precolonial Africa'', (University Press of America, 1999), 84. who ruled Ifriqiya (western ...
ruler
Abu Zakariya Yahya
Abu Zakariya Yahya (, Abu Zakariya Yahya I ben Abd al-Wahid (12031249) was the founder and first sultan of the Hafsid dynasty in Ifriqiya. He was the grandson of Sheikh Abu al-Hafs, the leader of the Hintata and second in command of the Almohads ...
in
Tunisia
)
, image_map = Tunisia location (orthographic projection).svg
, map_caption = Location of Tunisia in northern Africa
, image_map2 =
, capital = Tunis
, largest_city = capital
, ...
. Due to unrest in the southern part of the caliphate, he had to turn his attention away from recapturing Marrakesh and
Tlemcen
Tlemcen (; ar, تلمسان, translit=Tilimsān) is the second-largest city in northwestern Algeria after Oran, and capital of the Tlemcen Province. The city has developed leather, carpet, and textile industries, which it exports through the p ...
and focused on quelling the rebellions in the southern
Sahara realm of the caliphate. He campaigned against the rebels in the
Sahara decisively crushing them and ending their rebellion in 1239. He then focused his attention towards recapturing his lost territories.
Death
In 1242 Abd al-Wahid ordered his governor to fight another secession, that of the
Marinid
The Marinid Sultanate was a Berber Muslim empire from the mid-13th to the 15th century which controlled present-day Morocco and, intermittently, other parts of North Africa (Algeria and Tunisia) and of the southern Iberian Peninsula (Spain) ar ...
Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq
Abu Yahya Abu Bakr ibn Abd al-Haqq () (died 1258) was a Marinid ruler.
Life
He was the son of Abd al-Haqq I and the brother of both Uthman I and Muhammad I. He shared, in advance, Morocco among the various Marinid clans then grouped togethe ...
, who had captured
Fes
Fez or Fes (; ar, فاس, fās; zgh, ⴼⵉⵣⴰⵣ, fizaz; french: Fès) is a city in northern inland Morocco and the capital of the Fès-Meknès administrative region. It is the second largest city in Morocco, with a population of 1.11 mi ...
. However, Abd al-Wahid was discovered drowned in a pool (or he died from a fall) in his palace in December of the same year. He was succeeded by his brother
Abu al-Hasan as-Said al-Mutadid
Abu al-Hasan as-Said al-Mutadid ( ar, الحسن المعتضد بالله السعيد بن المأمون; abū al-ḥasan al-mu`taḍid bi-llah as-sa`īd ben al-mā'mūn; died 1248) was an Almohad caliph who reigned from 1242 until his deat ...
.
Sources
*Julien, Charles-André. ''Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord, des origines à 1830'', Payot, Paris, 1994.
{{s-end
Year of birth unknown
1242 deaths
13th-century Almohad caliphs
People from Marrakesh
13th-century Berber people