ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial is an
enzyme subunit
Subunit may refer to:
* Subunit HIV vaccine, a class of HIV vaccine
*Protein subunit, a protein molecule that assembles with other protein molecules
*Monomer, a molecule that may bind chemically to other molecules to form a polymer
* Sub-subunit, ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''ATP5PF''
gene.
Function
Mitochondrial
ATP synthase
ATP synthase is a protein that catalyzes the formation of the energy storage molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). It is classified under ligases as it changes ADP by the formation ...
catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing
an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. It is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the
soluble catalytic core, F1, and the
membrane-spanning component, FO, which comprises the proton channel. The F
1 complex consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled in a ratio of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The F
O seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the F6 subunit of the F
O complex, required for F
1 and F
O interactions. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene.
The F6 subunit is part of the peripheral stalk that links the F
1 and F
O complexes together, and which acts as a stator to prevent certain subunits from rotating with the central rotary element. The peripheral stalk differs in subunit composition between
mitochondrial,
chloroplast
A chloroplast () is a type of membrane-bound organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells. The photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight, converts it, and stores it in ...
and
bacterial
Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among ...
F-ATPase
F-ATPase, also known as F-Type ATPase, is an ATPase/synthase found in bacterial plasma membranes, in mitochondrial inner membranes (in oxidative phosphorylation, where it is known as Complex V), and in chloroplast thylakoid membranes. It uses a ...
s. In mitochondria, the peripheral stalk is composed of one copy each of subunits OSCP (
oligomycin sensitivity conferral protein
ATP synthase delta subunit is a subunit of bacterial and chloroplast F-ATPase/ synthase. It is known as OSCP (oligomycin sensitivity conferral protein) in mitochondrial ATPase (note that in mitochondria there is a different delta subunit, ATP ...
), F6, b and d.
There is no homologue of subunit F6 in bacterial or chloroplast F-ATPase, whose peripheral stalks are composed of one copy of the delta subunit (homologous to OSCP), and two copies of subunit b in bacteria, or one copy each of subunits b and b' in chloroplasts and
photosynthetic bacteria.
References
External links
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Further reading
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