An
ACE inhibitor
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) are a class of medication used primarily for the treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure. They work by causing relaxation of blood vessels as well as a decrease in blood volume ...
and
thiazide combination is a
drug combination used to treat
hypertension (high blood pressure). They are given
by mouth
Oral administration is a route of administration where a substance is taken through the mouth. Per os abbreviated to P.O. is sometimes used as a direction for medication to be taken orally. Many medications are taken orally because they are in ...
. ACE inhibitors reduce the activity of
angiotensin-converting enzyme
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (), or ACE, is a central component of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which controls blood pressure by regulating the volume of fluids in the body. It converts the hormone angiotensin I to the active vasoconstr ...
(ACE) which produces
angiotensin II
Angiotensin is a peptide hormone that causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure. It is part of the renin–angiotensin system, which regulates blood pressure. Angiotensin also stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adr ...
, a hormone that constricts blood vessels. Thiazides are a class of diuretics that inhibit the
thiazide receptor, thereby increasing urine production and reducing excess water and salt in the body. Several organizations recommend combination therapy for hypertension in cases of failure of a single drug to achieve target blood pressure, or even as a first line treatment for some patients.
Examples
*
Enalapril/hydrochlorothiazide (trade name Enalapril comp), wherein enalapril is the ACE inhibitor and hydrochlorothiazide is the thiazide.
*
Quinapril/hydrochlorothiazide (trade name Accuretic)
*
Lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide is marketed as Prinzide, Zestoretic, and many others.
Fosinopril/hydrochlorothiazide
Fosinopril
Fosinopril is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and some types of chronic heart failure. Fosinopril is the only phosphonate-containing ACE inhibitor marketed, by Bristol-Myers Squibb under the ...
/hydrochlorothiazide (trade name Monopril HCT) has a
boxed warning
In the United States, a boxed warning (sometimes "black box warning", colloquially) is a type of warning that appears on the package insert for certain prescription drugs, so called because
the U.S. Food and Drug Administration specifies that it i ...
about its risk to cause morbidity and mortality in the baby when being used during pregnancy (2nd and 3rd trimesters).
FDA modified its labeling on February, 2009 to include a precaution of drug interaction with gold. "Nitritoid reactions (symptoms include facial flushing, nausea, vomiting and hypotension) have been reported rarely in patients on therapy with injectable gold (
sodium aurothiomalate
Sodium aurothiomalate (INN, known in the United States as gold sodium thiomalate) is a gold compound that is used for its immunosuppressive anti-rheumatic effects. Along with an orally-administered gold salt, auranofin, it is one of only two g ...
) and concomitant ACE inhibitor therapy including Monopril/Monopril HCT."
See also
*
Perindopril/indapamide, a combination of an ACE inhibitor and a
thiazide-like diuretic A thiazide-like diuretic is a sulfonamide diuretic that has similar physiological properties to a thiazide diuretic, but does not have the chemical properties of a thiazide, lacking the benzothiadiazine molecular structure. Examples include metolaz ...
References
{{Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system
Diuretics
Combination drugs
ACE inhibitors