Ğayaz İsxaqıy aka Ayaz İshaki ( tt-Cyrl, Гаяз Исхакый, translit=Ğayaz İsxaqıy, russian: Гаяз Исхаки, ''Gajaz Ishaki -'' born ''Möxämmätğayaz;'' 10 February 1878 — 22 July 1954) was a leading figure of the

Tatar The Tatars ()Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different

author An author is the writer of a book, article, play, mostly written work. A broader definition of the word "author" states: "''An author is "the person who originated or gave existence to anything" and whose authorship determines responsibility f ...

journalist A journalist is an individual that collects/gathers information in form of text, audio, or pictures, processes them into a news-worthy form, and disseminates it to the public. The act or process mainly done by the journalist is called journalis ...

publisher Publishing is the activity of making information, literature, music, software and other content available to the public for sale or for free. Traditionally, the term refers to the creation and distribution of printed works, such as books, newsp ...

and

politician A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking an elected office in government. Politicians propose, support, reject and create laws that govern the land and by an extension of its people. Broadly speaking ...

. His daughter was the Turkologist Saadet Çagatay.

Biography

Möxämmätğayaz İsxaqıy was born in 1878 in the village of Yaushirma near

Kazan Kazan ( ; rus, Казань, p=kɐˈzanʲ; tt-Cyrl, Казан, ''Qazan'', IPA: ɑzan is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan in Russia. The city lies at the confluence of the Volga and the Kazanka rivers, covering an ...

to a Mishar Tatar parents, father Ğiläcetdin and mother Qamäriyä. İshaki was home-schooled by his father at an early age and was sent to study in a madrasah (religious school). He continued his education in the Russian-Tatar teachers' school (1898–1902). İshaki moved to Kazan in 1904, where he became acquainted to socialists and adopted some of their views. He became involved in revolutionary activities, participated in all-Muslim congress in 1905 and subsequently was arrested and sent to a prison near the city of

Arkhangelsk Arkhangelsk (, ; rus, Арха́нгельск, p=ɐrˈxanɡʲɪlʲsk), also known in English as Archangel and Archangelsk, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina near ...

in northern Russia in 1907. After the February revolution of 1917 he was involved in activities aimed at achieving cultural autonomy for the Volga Tatars and other

Turkic peoples The Turkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups of West, Central, East, and North Asia as well as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages.. "Turkic peoples, any of various peoples whose members speak languages belonging t ...

of Russia. As a result of his activities, the Soviet authorities started a campaign of harassment and persecution against him and his associates. He was forced to emigrate in 1920. After settling in

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

, Gayaz Iskhaki started publishing a Tatar-language magazine "Milli Yul" ("The Way of the Nation") in 1928. In 1931 he presided over the Independence Committee of the Muslims in Idel Ural. In 1939 the magazine was closed and İshaki decided to immigrate to

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...

. After

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...

he became involved in political activities. At this stage his main goal was the restoration of the Tatar nationhood lost in 1552 when the Kazan Khanate was defeated and occupied by the Moscow Principality. Throughout his life İshaki traveled to

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...

, Japan, China and

where he tried to establish Tatar-language press and unite disparate Tatar emigree communities. Ğayaz İshaki died in 1954 and was buried in Edirnekapı graveyard of

Istanbul ) , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = 34000 to 34990 , area_code = +90 212 (European side) +90 216 (Asian side) , registration_plate = 34 , blank_name_sec2 = GeoTLD , blank_i ...

Bibliography

* İsxaqıy, Ğayaz. Äsärlär unbiş tomda. Edited by M. Kh. (Mansur Khasanovich) Khasanov. Kazan: Tatarstan kitap näşriäte, 1998. * Kamaliyeva, Alsu. Romantik Milliyetçi Ayaz İshakî. Ankara: Yayınları, 2009. * Muhammed Ayaz İshaki: Hayatı Ve Faaliyeti, 100. Doğum Yılı Dolayısıyla. Ankara: Ayyıldız Matbaası, 1979. * Säxapov, Äxmät. Ğayaz İsxaqıy : načalny etap tvorčestva : monografija. Kazań: Master Line, 2003. * ———. İshaki i tatarskaja literatura XX veka. Kazań: PIK Dom Piečati, 2003. * Ахунов, Азат М. “Гаяз Исхаки «Кто он? Кто он, кто нашу нацию взрастил?»." Татарский мир, 2004, №3. https://web.archive.org/web/20180322003928/http://www.tatworld.ru/article.shtml?article=489§ion=0&heading=0. * Сахапов, Минахмет Ж. Золотая эпоха татарского ренессанса. Казань: Таткнигиздат, 2004.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gayaz Ishaqi Mishar Tatars Tatar dramatists and playwrights Tatar poets Turkish people of Tatar descent