Awhadi Maraghai

Awhadi Maraghei (also spelled Auhadi; fa, اوحدی مراغه‌ای) (1274/75–1338) was a Persian Sufi poet primarily based in Azerbaijan during the rule of the Mongol Ilkhanate.

He is usually surnamed "Maraghai", but also mentioned as Awhadi Esfahani because his father hailed from Isfahan and he himself spent part of his life there. He first chose the pen-name Safi, but changed it to Awhadi after becoming a devotee of the school of the famous mystic Awhad al-Din Kermani.

Life

His full name was Awhad al-Din (or Rukn al-Din) ibn Husayn Isfahani. According to a verse in his ''Mathnawi-yi Jam-i jam'', Awhadi was born in the city of Isfahan in . He most likely lived there until his later teens. At the start of the 1290s, Awhadi went on a long trip, visiting various places, such as Basra, Baghdad, Damascus, Sultaniyya, Karbala, Kufa, Najaf, Qum and Hamadan. He also briefly lived in Mecca. In , Awhadi permanently settled in Maragha, but would also regularly visit Tabriz to the north, which was a day's travel. He died on 6 April 1338 at Maragha, where he is buried.

Work

Awhadi has a divan of 8000 verses which consists of the Persian poetic forms ''qasidas'', ghazals, tarji'bands and rubaʿis. The ''qasidas'' are in praise of Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan and his vizier, Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad, the son of Rashid al-Din Hamadani. His other poems play on various themes including mysticism, ethics, and religious subjects. He also is known for his ''marsiyas'' (elegies).

In addition to his divan of shorter poems, he has left two important Persian works in Masnavi form. The ''Dah-nama'' or ''Manteq al-Oshaaq'' consists of 600 verses and was completed in 1307 for Wajih Al-din Yusef, the grandson of the famous Nasir al-Din Tusi. His most important and well known work was the Masnavi ''Jām-i Jam'' ("The Cup of Jamshid") also called ''Jām-e-Jahānbīn'' ("The mirror of the universe"). It was written in 1333 and has 5000 verses and follows the style of Sanai's ''Hadiqah''.

Sample quotes from ''Jām-i Jam'':
* «پایداری به عدل و داد بود// ظلم و شاهی، چراغ و باد بود»
* «خاك از ایشان چگونه مشك شود// گر به دریا روند خشك شـود»
* «خواب را گفته‌ای برادر مرگ// چو بخسبی همی زنی درِ مرگ»
* «دزد را شحنه راه و رخت نمود// کشتن دزد بی‌گناه چه سود؟// دزد با شحنه چون شریک بود// کوچه‌ها را عسس چریک بود»
* «نفس خود را بكش نبرد اين است// منتهای كمال مرد این است»

Ali Karamustafa notes in ''Der Islam'', narrating about perceptions of Turkomans in Iran and the lands further west in the 12th to 14th centuries, that Awhadi Maraghai considered Turkomans to be "unthinking (''bī-fekr'') and naïve country bumpkins easily fooled by thieves."

Fahlavi Poem

Awhad Maraghai has three ghazals in the Fahlavi dialect of Isfahan, arranged under the title of "in the language of Isfahan".

References

Sources

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Further reading

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Awhadi Maraghai
1271 births
1338 deaths
13th-century Persian-language poets
14th-century Persian-language poets
People from Isfahan
Ilkhanate-period poets