Awelye (also "''Yawulyu"'' in Warlpiri and

Warumungu The Warumungu (or Warramunga) are a group of Aboriginal Australians of the Northern Territory. Today, Warumungu are mainly concentrated in the region of Tennant Creek and Alice Springs. Language Their language is Warumungu, belonging to the ...

nations) is a ceremonial tradition that includes body painting and is practiced by women by the

Anmatyerre The Anmatyerr, also spelt Anmatyerre, Anmatjera, Anmatjirra, Amatjere and other variations) are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Northern Territory, who speak one of the Upper Arrernte languages. Language Anmatyerr is divided into Easte ...

and

Alyawarr The Alyawarre, also spelt Alyawarr and also known as the Iliaura, are an Aboriginal Australian people, or language group, from the Northern Territory. The Alyawarre are made up of roughly 1,200 associated peoples and actively engage in local tra ...

indigenous nations in the Northern Territory, Australia. The term can also be used to describe the songs, dances, totems, knowledge of country, and

Dreamtime The Dreaming, also referred to as Dreamtime, is a term devised by early anthropologists to refer to a religio-cultural worldview attributed to Australian Aboriginal mythology, Australian Aboriginal beliefs. It was originally used by Francis Ja ...

stories that are part of awelye. The practice of awelye is still actively performed throughout Central Australia for both social and healing purposes. Equivalent male ceremonies include pujjarli (also yilpinji).

Significance

The practice of awelye is a collective form of matrilineal kinship and sharing of knowledge of the land, customs, and Dreamtime stories. Teachings are expressed in different modalities such as song, rhythm, melody, gestures and dance, gathering, graphic imagery, totem objects, and spatial orientation. Within awelye, there are many differentiated roles and relationships which form a complex whole. Awelye is important to kin bonding, education of country, and the passing on of tradition, which is done through gradual participation of the young. Furthermore, as

Linda Barwick Linda Mary Barwick (born 1954) is an Australian musicologist and professor emerita at the Sydney Conservatorium of Music. Barwick has focused on researching Australian Indigenous music and the music of immigrant communities. She also works in ...

has observed, awelye has an increasingly important role in "the political and social recognition of performance in gaining and continuing to assert rights to land in contemporary Australian society".

Continuation

Awelye is still actively practised by Anmatyerre and Alyawarr peoples. Although, rapid post-colonial social and demographic changes such as the degeneration of clan family structures into smaller nuclear family units, has made it difficult for the intergenerational transmission (colloquially referred to as "holding onto") of awelye practices. Many younger generations are separated from community estates for educational, health, and employment opportunities in larger towns and cities. Additionally, the introduction of television and radio has succeeded most ceremonial traditions as the dominant form of entertainment.

Interpretation

Australian public intellectual Germain Greer has observed, "though Aborigines have no tradition of making portable paintings; they are all painters. Part of 'awelye', is painting the body with ceremonial designs."''Of Beauty and Consolation'', season 1, episode 25, "Germain Greer," created by Wim Kayzer, accessed April 27, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1uPaeEmnvHA.

References

{{Reflist Indigenous Australian culture