Avibactam is a non-
β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor developed by
Actavis (now
Teva
Teva is the Hebrew word for nature ( he, טבע, "nature").
Teva may refer to:
Companies
* Teva Footwear, American footwear manufacturer
* Teva Naot, Israeli footwear manufacturer
* Teva Pharmaceuticals, Israeli multinational pharmaceutical com ...
) jointly with
AstraZeneca. A
new drug application for avibactam in
combination with ceftazidime (branded as Avycaz) was approved by the FDA on February 25, 2015, for treating complicated
urinary tract (cUTI) and complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI) caused by
antibiotic resistant-pathogens, including those caused by multi-drug resistant
Gram-negative bacterial pathogens.
Increasing resistance to
cephalosporin
The cephalosporins (sg. ) are a class of β-lactam antibiotics originally derived from the fungus ''Acremonium'', which was previously known as ''Cephalosporium''.
Together with cephamycins, they constitute a subgroup of β-lactam antibiotics ...
s among Gram-(−) bacterial pathogens, especially among hospital-acquired infections, results in part from the production of
β-lactamase enzymes that deactivate these antibiotics. While the co-administration of a β-lactamase inhibitor can restore antibacterial activity to the cephalosporin, previously approved β-lactamase inhibitors such as
tazobactam
Tazobactam is a pharmaceutical drug that inhibits the action of bacterial β-lactamases, especially those belonging to the SHV-1 and TEM groups. It is commonly used as its sodium salt, tazobactam sodium. In simple terms, it is an ingredient t ...
and
clavulanic acid do not inhibit important classes of β-lactamases, including ''
Klebsiella pneumoniae''
carbapenemases (KPCs),
New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1), and
AmpC-type β-lactamases. Whilst avibactam inhibits class A (KPCs, CTX-M, TEM, SHV), class C (AmpC), and, some, class D serine
β-lactamases (such as OXA-23, OXA-48), it has been reported to be a poor substrate/weak inhibitor of class B metallo-
β-lactamases, such as VIM-2, VIM-4, SPM-1, BcII, NDM-1, Fez-1.
For infections sustained by metallo-β-lactamases producing bacteria, a therapeutic strategy consists in administering avibactam as companion drug administered alongside aztreonam. In fact, although in theory aztreonam is not hydrolyzed by metallo-β-lactamases, many metallo-β-Lactamases-producing strains co-produce enzymes that could hydrolyze aztreonam (e.g. AmpC, ESBL), therefore avibactam is given to protect aztreonam exploiting its robust
β-lactamases inhibition.
See also
*
Relebactam
Relebactam is a chemical compound used in combination with antibiotics to improve their efficacy. As a beta-lactamase inhibitor, it blocks the ability of bacteria to break down a beta-lactam antibiotic. In the United States, relebactam is appro ...
References
External links
*
{{Cell wall disruptive antibiotics, state=collapsed
Antibiotics
Beta-lactamase inhibitors
Nitrogen heterocycles
Sulfate esters