![Jain Cosmic Time Cycle](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Jain_Cosmic_Time_Cycle.jpg)
''Avasarpiṇī'' is the descending half of the cosmic time cycle in
Jainism
Jainism ( ), also known as Jain Dharma, is an Indian religions, Indian religion. Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four tirthankaras (supreme preachers of ''Dharma''), with the first in the current ...
and the one in which the world is said to be at present. According to Jain texts the ''Avasarpiṇī'' is marked by a decline in goodness and religion. The ascending half of the cycle is called ''
utsarpiṇī'', which is marked by the ascent of goodness and religion.
Overview
Jaina cosmology divides the worldly cycle of time (''kalpakāla'') in two parts or half-cycles (kāla) – ascending (''utsarpiṇī'') and descending (''avasarpiṇī'') – each consisting of 10 x 1 crore x 1 crore addhāsāgaropama (10 kotikotī sāgaropama). Thus, one cycle of time (''kalpakāla'') gets over in 20 ''kotikotī sāgaropama''.
During the ascending period (utsarpiṇī) of the half-cycle (''kāla''), in the regions of Bharata and ''Airāvata'', there is the all-round increase in age, strength, stature and happiness of the living beings, while during the descending period (''avasarpiṇī'') of the half-cycle, there is the all-round deterioration. Each half-cycle is further divided into six periods of time. The periods in the descending (''avasarpiṇī'') half-cycle are termed as:
# susamā-susamā, of 4 kotikotī ''sāgaropama''
# susamā, of 3 kotikotī ''sāgaropama''
# susamā-dusamā, of 2 kotikotī ''sāgaropama''
# dusamā-susamā, of 1 kotikotī ''sāgaropama'' minus 42,000 years
# dusamā, of 21,000 years
# dusamā-dusamā, of 21,000 years
Six periods of time
![Jain scale of time](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Jain_scale_of_time.JPG)
* ''Suṣama-suṣamā'' (read as ''Sukhma-sukhma'') – During the first period of the ''Avasarpiṇī'', people lived for three ''palyopama'' years. During this ''ara'' (era or period) people were on average six miles tall. They took their food on every fourth day; they were very tall and devoid of anger, pride, deceit, greed and other sinful acts. Various kinds of the ''
kalpavriksha
Kalpavriksha () is a wish-fulfilling divine tree in Indian religions, like Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism. Its earliest descriptions are mentioned in Sanskrit literature. It is also a popular theme in Jain cosmology and Buddhism. ...
'' fulfilled their wishes and needs like food, clothing, homes, entertainment, jewels etc.
* ''Suṣamā (read as Sukhma)'' – During the second period, people lived for two ''palyopama'' years. During this ''ara'' (era), people were on average 4 miles tall. They took their food at an interval of three days, but the ''kalpavriksha'' supplied their wants, less than before. The land and water became less sweet and fruitful than they were during the first ara.
* ''Suṣama-duḥṣamā (read as Sukhma-dukhma)'' – During the third period, the age limit of the people became one ''palyopama'' year. During this ''ara'' people were on average 2 miles tall. They took their food on every second day. The earth and water as well as height and strength of the body went on decreasing and they became less than they were during the second ''ara''. The first three ara the children were born as twins, one male and one female, who married each other and once again gave birth to twins. On account of happiness and pleasures, the religion, renunciation and austerities was not possible. At the end of the third ara, the wish-fulfilling trees stopped giving the desired fruits and the people started living in the societies. The first
Tirthankara
In Jainism, a ''Tirthankara'' (Sanskrit: '; English: literally a 'ford-maker') is a saviour and spiritual teacher of the ''dharma'' (righteous path). The word ''tirthankara'' signifies the founder of a '' tirtha'', which is a fordable passag ...
,
Rishabhanatha
Rishabhanatha, also ( sa, ऋषभदेव), Rishabhadeva, or Ikshvaku is the first (Supreme preacher) of Jainism and establisher of Ikshvaku dynasty. He was the first of twenty-four teachers in the present half-cycle of time in Jain c ...
, was born at the end of this period. He taught the people the skills of farming, commerce, defence, politics and arts (in total 72 arts for men and 64 arts for women) and organised the people into societies. That is why he is known as the father of human civilisation.
* ''Duḥṣama-suṣamā'' (read as ''Dukhma-sukhma'') – The fourth period was the age of religion, where renunciation, austerity and liberation were possible. The 63 ''
Śalākāpuruṣas'', or the illustrious persons who promote the Jain religion, regularly appear in this ''ara''. The remaining 23 Tīrthaṅkars, including Lord
Māhavīra
Mahavira (Sanskrit: महावीर) also known as Vardhaman, was the 24th ''tirthankara'' (supreme preacher) of Jainism. He was the spiritual successor of the 23rd ''tirthankara'' Parshvanatha. Mahavira was born in the early part of the 6 ...
, appeared in this ''ara''.
* ''Duṣama'' (read as ''Dukhma'') – According to Jain texts, currently we are in the fifth period. As of 2016, exactly 2,540 years have elapsed and 18,460 years are still left. It is an age of sorrow and misery. The maximum age a person can live to in this ara is not more than 125 years. The average height of people in this ara is six feet tall. No liberation is possible, although people practice religion in lax and diluted form. At the end of this ara, even the Jain religion will disappear, only to appear again with the advent of 1st Tirthankara in the next cycle.
* ''Duṣama – duṣama'' (read as ''Dukhma-dukhma'')- The sixth period will be the age of intense misery and sorrow, making it impossible to practice religion in any form. The age, height and strength of the human beings will decrease to a great extent. In this era people will live for no more than 16–20 years. This trend will start reversing at the onset of ''utsarpiṇī kāl''.
Panchama kāla
The fifth period (''dusamā'') of the ''avasarpiṇī'' is generally called ''Panchama Kāla''. According to Jain texts, we are presently living in this period of time which started after 3 years and 8-and-a-half months of the liberation (''
nirvāṇa'') of the 24th Tīrthankara
Mahāvīra
Mahavira (Sanskrit: महावीर) also known as Vardhaman, was the 24th ''tirthankara'' (supreme preacher) of Jainism. He was the spiritual successor of the 23rd ''tirthankara'' Parshvanatha. Mahavira was born in the early part of the 6 ...
. It is said that at the end of this period, humans will be no more than one cubit in height, and twenty years in age.
Bharata Chakravartin is said to have seen 16 dreams which were related to this period. These were explained by ''Tirthankara Rishabhanātha''.
See also
*
Jain cosmology
Jain cosmology is the description of the shape and functioning of the Universe (''loka'') and its constituents (such as living beings, matter, space, time etc.) according to Jainism. Jain cosmology considers the universe as an uncreated entity t ...
References
Citation
Sources
*
*
{{Jainism topics
Jain cosmology