The Autostrade (; singular ) are roads forming the
Italian national system of
motorway
A controlled-access highway is a type of highway that has been designed for high-speed vehicular traffic, with all traffic flow—ingress and egress—regulated. Common English terms are freeway, motorway and expressway. Other similar terms ...
s. The total length of the system is about . In North and Central Italy, the Autostrade mainly consists of
tollways
A toll road, also known as a turnpike or tollway, is a public or private road (almost always a controlled-access highway in the present day) for which a fee (or ''toll'') is assessed for passage. It is a form of road pricing typically implemented ...
managed by
Autostrade per l'Italia, a holding company controlled by
Cassa Depositi e Prestiti. Other operators include ASTM, ATP, and
Autostrade Lombarde in the north-west;
Autostrada del Brennero,
A4 Holding,
Concessioni Autostradali Venete, and
Autovie Venete in the north-east;
Strada dei Parchi
Strada is a chain based in the United Kingdom of branded restaurants specialising in Italian cuisine with two Strada sites and six Coppa Clubs, all in Southern England.
History
The concept was spawned by Luke Johnson in 2000 and, over five y ...
, SALT, SAT, and Autocisa in the center; and CAS in the south.
History
Italy became the first country to inaugurate motorways reserved for motor vehicles with the
A8. The Milan-Laghi motorway (connecting
Milan
Milan ( , , Lombard language, Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the List of cities in Italy, second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4  ...
to
Varese
Varese ( , , or ; lmo, label=Varesino, Varés ; la, Baretium; archaic german: Väris) is a city and ''comune'' in north-western Lombardy, northern Italy, north-west of Milan. The population of Varese in 2018 has reached 80,559.
It is the c ...
) was devised by
Piero Puricelli
Piero Puricelli (born 4 April 1883 in Milan - died 8 May 1951 in Milan), Count of Lomnago, was an Italian engineer and politician in the first half of the 20th century who was responsible for the construction in Italy, of the first motorways in th ...
, a civil engineer and entrepreneur. He received the first authorization to build a public-utility fast road in 1921, and completed the construction (one lane each direction) between 1924 and 1926. By the end of the 1930s, over 400 kilometers of multi- and dual-single-lane motorways had been constructed throughout Italy, linking cities and rural towns.
Traffic laws
Italy's autostrade must not be used by:
*Pedestrians and animals (except in rest areas)
*Pedal-cycles
*Mopeds
*Motorcycles having an engine displacement less than (if equipped with an internal combustion engine)
*Sidecars having an engine displacement less than (if equipped with an internal combustion engine)
*Motorized tricycles designed for the transport of people with up to 2 seats having an engine displacement less than (if equipped with an internal combustion engine) or having an engine power less than
*Motorcycle-like vehicles (''motoveicoli'') not included in previous categories having an empty vehicle weight up to or a gross vehicle mass up to
*Cars with a design speed on flat road less than
[Art. 372 ''Regolamento di esecuzione del codice della strada'']
*Vehicles without tyres
*Agricultural vehicles and technical vehicles (e.g.
heavy equipment)
Speed
Italy's autostrade have a standard speed limit of for cars. Limits for other vehicles (or during foul weather and/or low visibility) are lower. Legal provisions allow operators to set the limit to on their concessions on a voluntary basis if there are three lanes in each direction and a working
SICVE, or Safety Tutor, which is a speed-camera system that measure the average speed over a given distance. As of 2022, no road was utilizing this possibility.
The first speed limit, to , was enacted in November 1973 as a result of the
1973 oil crisis.
In October 1977, a graduated system was introduced: cars with engine displacement above had a speed limit, cars of 900–1299 cm
3 had a limit of , those of 600–899 cm
3 could drive at , and those of or less had a maximum speed of .
[ In July 1988 a blanket speed limit of was imposed on all cars above 600 cm3 (the lower limit was kept for smaller cars) by the short-lived PSDI government. In September 1989 this was increased to for cars above and for smaller ones.]
List of current Autostrade
List of ''bretelle'' and ''raccordi autostradali''
Some ''autostrade'' are called ''bretelle, diramazioni'' or ''raccordi'' because they are short and have few exits.
''Bretelle'', ''diramazioni'' or ''raccordi'' are generally connections between two motorways, or connections between motorways and important cities without a motorway.
They have the same number (sometimes with the suffix ''dir'') as one of the two autostrade linked, a combination of the numbers of the two autostrade linked, or the number of the main autostrada.
Trafori (T)
Important alpine tunnels ( ''trafori'') are identified by the capital letter "T" followed by a single digit number. Currently there are only three T-classified tunnels: Mont Blanc Tunnel (T1), Great St Bernard Tunnel (T2) and Frejus Road Tunnel (T4). Tunnels that cross the border between Italy and France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan ar ...
(T1, T4) or Switzerland (T2), are treated as motorways (green signage, access control, and so on), although they are not proper motorways. The code T3 was once assigned to the Bargagli-Ferriere Tunnel in Ligurian Apennines before it was reclassified as SP 226.
Raccordi autostradali (RA)
RA stands for ''Raccordo autostradale'' (translated as "motorway connection"), a relatively short spur route
A spur route is a short road forming a branch from a longer, more important road such as a freeway, Interstate Highway, or motorway. A bypass or beltway should not be considered a true spur route as it typically reconnects with another or the s ...
that connects an ''autostrada'' to a nearby city or tourist resort not directly served by the motorway. These spurs are owned and managed by ANAS (with some exceptions, such as the RA7 that became A53 when assigned to a private company for maintenance). Some spurs are toll-free motorways (type-A), but most are type-B or type-C roads. All RA have separate carriageways with two lanes in each direction. Generally, they do not have an emergency lane.
Strade extraurbane principali
''Type B'' highway (or ''strada extraurbana principale''), commonly but unofficially known as ''superstrada'' (Italian equivalent for expressway), is a divided highway with at least two lanes in each direction, paved shoulder on the right, no cross-traffic and no at-grade intersections. Access restrictions on such highways are exactly the same as autostrade. Signage at the beginning and the end of the highways is the same, except the background color is blue instead of green. The general speed limit on ''strade extraurbane principali'' is 110 km/h. ''Strade extraurbane principali'' are not tolled. All ''strade extraurbane principali'' are owned and managed by ANAS, and directly controlled by the Italian government or by the region
In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as zones, lands or territories, are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and the interaction of humanity and t ...
s.
See also
*State highway (Italy)
The Strade Statali, abbreviated SS, is the Italian national network of state highways. The total length for the network is about .
The Italian state highway network are maintained by ANAS. From 1928 until 1946 state highways were maintained by AA ...
* Transport in Italy
* Rai isoradio
* List of controlled-access highway systems
*Evolution of motorway construction in European nations
The evolution of motorways construction in European countries by total number of kilometers existing in that year.
This is a list of the total number of Motorways by country in Europe. It includes motorways (controlled-access highways), classifie ...
References
External links
''Autostrade per l'Italia'' Official website
*
{{Motorways in Europe
Road transport in Italy
Lists of roads in Italy