''Austroparmelina'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

foliose lichen Foliose lichen is one of the morphological classes of lichens, which are complex organisms that arise from the symbiotic relationship between fungi and a photosynthetic partner, typically algae. This partnership allows lichen to live in diverse ...

s in the large family

Parmeliaceae The Parmeliaceae is a large and diverse family of Lecanoromycetes. With over 2700 species in 71 genera, it is the largest family of lichen-forming fungi. The most speciose genera in the family are the well-known groups: '' Xanthoparmelia'' ( 822 ...

. It contains species formerly placed in the genera '' Parmelina'' and ''

Canoparmelia ''Canoparmelia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. The widespread genus contains about 35 species. ''Canoparmelia'', a segregate of the parmelioid lichen genus ''Pseudoparmelia'', was circumscribed by John Elix and M ...

''. All species of ''Austroparmelina'' have an Australasian-South African distribution.

Description

''Austroparmelina'' species have a grey, foliose

thallus Thallus (plural: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. Many of these organisms wer ...

comprising somewhat linear to irregular lobes, and featuring short, simple rhizines. Their relatively large

ascospore An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or s ...

s measure 9–18 by 4–8

μm The micrometre ( international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American spelling), also commonly known as a micron, is a unit of length in the International System of Unit ...

and have a thick . The predominant secondary chemicals present in the genus are orcinol

depside A depside is a type of polyphenolic compound composed of two or more monocyclic aromatic units linked by an ester bond. Depsides are most often found in lichens, but have also been isolated from higher plants, including species of the Ericaceae, L ...

s such as

lecanoric acid Lecanoric acid is a chemical produced by several species of lichen.ubChem - Lecanoric acid"> Lecanoric acid is classified as a polyphenol and a didepside and it functions as an antioxidant. The acid is named after the lichen ''Lecanora''. The acid ...

and

gyrophoric acid Gyrophoric acid is a depside that can be found in the lichen ''Cryptothecia rubrocincta'' and in ''Xanthoparmelia pokomyi''. It can also be found in most of the species of the '' Actinogyra'', ''Lasallia'', and ''Umbilicaria'' genera Genus ( p ...

Species

*''

Austroparmelina chlorolecanorica ''Austroparmelina'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the large family Parmeliaceae. It contains species formerly placed in the genera '' Parmelina'' and ''Canoparmelia''. All species of ''Austroparmelina'' have an Australasian-South African dist ...

'' (Elix) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010) *'' Austroparmelina conlabrosa'' (Hale) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010) *'' Austroparmelina elixii'' (Argüello & A.Crespo) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010) *'' Austroparmelina endoleuca'' (Taylor) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010) *''

Austroparmelina euplectina ''Austroparmelina'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the large family Parmeliaceae. It contains species formerly placed in the genera '' Parmelina'' and ''Canoparmelia''. All species of ''Austroparmelina'' have an Australasian-South African dist ...

'' (Kurok. ex Elix) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010) *'' Austroparmelina johnstoniae'' (Elix) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010) *'' Austroparmelina labrosa'' (Zahlbr.) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010) *''

Austroparmelina macrospora ''Austroparmelina'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the large family Parmeliaceae. It contains species formerly placed in the genera '' Parmelina'' and ''Canoparmelia''. All species of ''Austroparmelina'' have an Australasian-South African dist ...

'' (Elix & J.Johnst.) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010) *''

Austroparmelina norpruinata ''Austroparmelina'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the large family Parmeliaceae. It contains species formerly placed in the genera '' Parmelina'' and ''Canoparmelia''. All species of ''Austroparmelina'' have an Australasian-South African dist ...

'' (Elix & J.Johnst.) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010) *''

Austroparmelina pallida ''Austroparmelina'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the large family Parmeliaceae. It contains species formerly placed in the genera '' Parmelina'' and ''Canoparmelia''. All species of ''Austroparmelina'' have an Australasian-South African dist ...

'' (Elix & Kantvilas) Kantvilas & Divakar (2013) *''

Austroparmelina pruinata ''Austroparmelina'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the large family Parmeliaceae. It contains species formerly placed in the genera '' Parmelina'' and ''Canoparmelia''. All species of ''Austroparmelina'' have an Australasian-South African dist ...

'' (Müll. Arg.) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010) *''

Austroparmelina pseudorelicina ''Austroparmelina'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the large family Parmeliaceae. It contains species formerly placed in the genera '' Parmelina'' and ''Canoparmelia''. All species of ''Austroparmelina'' have an Australasian-South African dist ...

'' (Jatta) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010) *''

Austroparmelina subarida ''Austroparmelina'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the large family Parmeliaceae. It contains species formerly placed in the genera '' Parmelina'' and ''Canoparmelia''. All species of ''Austroparmelina'' have an Australasian-South African dist ...

'' (Elix) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010) *''

Austroparmelina subtiliacea ''Austroparmelina'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the large family Parmeliaceae. It contains species formerly placed in the genera '' Parmelina'' and ''Canoparmelia''. All species of ''Austroparmelina'' have an Australasian-South African dist ...

'' (Nyl.) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010) *''

Austroparmelina whinrayi ''Austroparmelina'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the large family Parmeliaceae. It contains species formerly placed in the genera '' Parmelina'' and ''Canoparmelia''. All species of ''Austroparmelina'' have an Australasian-South African dist ...

'' (Elix) Kantvilas & Divakar (2013)

References

Parmeliaceae Lichen genera Lecanorales genera Taxa described in 2010 Taxa named by John Alan Elix Taxa named by Ana Crespo Taxa named by Pradeep Kumar Divakar {{Parmeliaceae-stub