Peers of the Realm have been associated with
Australia since early in its history as a British settlement. Many peers served as governors of the
Australian colonies (
states following
Federation
A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central federal government ( federalism). In a federation, the self-govern ...
), and in the days when the practice of appointing
British
British may refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies.
** Britishness, the British identity and common culture
* British English, ...
governors-general
Governor-general (plural ''governors-general''), or governor general (plural ''governors general''), is the title of an office-holder. In the context of governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general are appointed as viceroy t ...
was current, the great majority were peers.
Australians themselves were previously eligible to receive British
Imperial Honours
Honour (British English) or honor (American English; see spelling differences) is the idea of a bond between an individual and a society as a quality of a person that is both of social teaching and of personal ethos, that manifests itself as a ...
. Such honours, in appropriate cases, included peerages and
baronet
A baronet ( or ; abbreviated Bart or Bt) or the female equivalent, a baronetess (, , or ; abbreviation Btss), is the holder of a baronetcy, a hereditary title awarded by the British Crown. The title of baronet is mentioned as early as the 14t ...
cies. In other cases, already-extant peerages and baronetcies devolved upon persons who emigrated to Australia, or whose ancestors had emigrated to Australia.
Peerage titles bestowed included some distinctly Australian titles, such as
Viscount Bruce of Melbourne. Imperial Honours were recommended to the sovereign by the
Prime Minister of Australia, an Australian
state premier, or sometimes by the
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern ...
. Some Australians have been awarded peerages in recognition of services rendered in the United Kingdom, rather than Australia.
The practice of awarding British Imperial Honours for services rendered in Australia generally came to a halt when
Malcolm Fraser
John Malcolm Fraser (; 21 May 1930 – 20 March 2015) was an Australian politician who served as the 22nd prime minister of Australia from 1975 to 1983, holding office as the leader of the Liberal Party of Australia.
Fraser was raised on hi ...
, the last Australian prime minister to make nominations for Imperial Honours, lost the 1983 election to
Bob Hawke, who discontinued the practice in favour of nominations solely for the
Australian Honours System
The Australian honours and awards system refers to all orders, decorations, and medals, as instituted by letters patent from the Monarch of Australia and countersigned by the Australian prime minister at the time, that have been progressively ...
. (There had previously been a brief hiatus in the recommendation of Imperial Honours under
Gough Whitlam
Edward Gough Whitlam (11 July 191621 October 2014) was the 21st prime minister of Australia, serving from 1972 to 1975. The longest-serving federal leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) from 1967 to 1977, he was notable for being the ...
, 1972–75.) Despite the discontinuance of nominations on a federal level, individual states such as
Queensland
)
, nickname = Sunshine State
, image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg
, map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name = Australia
, established_title = Before federation
, establishe ...
and
Tasmania
)
, nickname =
, image_map = Tasmania in Australia.svg
, map_caption = Location of Tasmania in AustraliaCoordinates:
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdi ...
continued to recommend Imperial Honours until 1989. Australians based in the United Kingdom and other realms which continue to make nominations for Imperial Honours (such as
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i ...
) continue to be eligible for nomination to Imperial Honours, including peerages, and already-extant peerages and baronetcies continue to be inherited according to the instrument of their creation.
Not all recommendations for peerages have been accepted. Malcolm Fraser's recommendation of a peerage for
Sir John Kerr was not supported by the British prime minister,
James Callaghan.
Australians with hereditary peerages
The following hereditary peers are or were Australians by birth or residence.
Duke
* Manchester:
Alexander Montagu, 13th Duke of Manchester, was born in Australia in 1962, making him an Australian citizen from birth; however, he has long resided in California. He succeeded to his father's dukedom in 2002. His younger brother, Lord Kimble Montagu, is also an Australian citizen and is the heir presumptive to the dukedom. Lord Kimble is an
academic
An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary or tertiary higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membership). The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, ...
at
Monash University
Monash University () is a public research university based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Named for prominent World War I general Sir John Monash, it was founded in 1958 and is the second oldest university in the state. The university h ...
.
Marquess
* Sligo:
Sebastian Browne, 12th Marquess of Sligo (born 1964), is a peer in the Peerage of Ireland. As Baron Monteagle he is also a peer in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. He emigrated to Australia in 1997, where he is a residential real estate agent.
Earl
* Brooke and Warwick: Guy David Greville, 9th Earl Brooke and 9th
Earl of Warwick
Earl of Warwick is one of the most prestigious titles in the peerages of the United Kingdom. The title has been created four times in English history, and the name refers to Warwick Castle and the town of Warwick.
Overview
The first creation ...
, resides in Perth, Western Australia, and inherited his father's titles in 1996.
* Dunmore:
Malcolm Murray, 12th Earl of Dunmore Malcolm Kenneth Murray, 12th Earl of Dunmore (born 17 September 1946 in Launceston, Tasmania) is an Australia-based Scottish peer who is a native-born Australian and lives in Tasmania. As well as holding the Earldom of Dunmore, Murray is also the ...
, was born in
Tasmania
)
, nickname =
, image_map = Tasmania in Australia.svg
, map_caption = Location of Tasmania in AustraliaCoordinates:
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdi ...
in 1946, and has lived there all his life.
* Lincoln: Robert Fiennes-Clinton, 19th
Earl of Lincoln, the head of a branch of the Fiennes-Clinton family, is resident in
Perth
Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a population of 2.1 million (80% of the state) living in Greater Perth in 2020. Perth i ...
, Western Australia.
* Loudoun:
Simon Abney-Hastings, 15th Earl of Loudoun
Simon Michael Abney-Hastings, 15th Earl of Loudoun (born 29 October 1974), styled as Lord Mauchline until 2012, is a British aristocrat living in Australia who is the current holder of the ancient Scottish noble title of Earl of Loudoun. Based o ...
, was born in Australia in 1974. In 2004, the television documentary ''
Britain's Real Monarch
''Britain's Real Monarch'' is a historical documentary presented by Tony Robinson first shown on Channel 4 on 3 January 2004. It has also been broadcast in Australia and in the United States. The documentary discusses the descendants of George ...
'' presented evidence that his father, the 14th Earl, was the rightful
King of England. He lives in
Wangaratta
Wangaratta ( ) is a city in the northeast of Victoria, Australia, from Melbourne along the Hume Highway. The city had an estimated urban population of 19,318 at June 2018. Wangaratta has recorded a population growth rate of almost 1% annually ...
, and
Melbourne
Melbourne ( ; Boonwurrung/Woiwurrung: ''Narrm'' or ''Naarm'') is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Its name generally refers to a met ...
,
Victoria
Victoria most commonly refers to:
* Victoria (Australia), a state of the Commonwealth of Australia
* Victoria, British Columbia, provincial capital of British Columbia, Canada
* Victoria (mythology), Roman goddess of Victory
* Victoria, Seychelle ...
. He succeeded his father in 2012.
* Portarlington: The 7th and current
Earl of Portarlington
Earl of Portarlington is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1785 for John Dawson, 1st Earl of Portarlington, who had earlier represented Portarlington in the Irish House of Commons. He was the son of William Dawson, 1st Visco ...
maintains an address in Sydney as well as an address in
Melrose, Scotland
Melrose ( gd, Maolros, "bald moor") is a small town and civil parish in the Scottish Borders, historically in Roxburghshire. It lies within the Eildon committee area of Scottish Borders Council.
History
The original Melrose was ''Mailros'', me ...
.
* Portland:
Timothy Bentinck, 12th Earl of Portland, was born in Tasmania in 1953 while his father
Henry Bentinck, later the 11th Earl, was working as a jackaroo on a sheep station there.
* Stradbroke: Keith Rous, 6th
Earl of Stradbroke, lives in Victoria, after having left England at the age of 19. His grandfather,
the 3rd Earl, had been Governor of Victoria from 1921 to 1926.
* Wilton:
Francis Grosvenor, 8th Earl of Wilton, lives in Victoria and is a board member of the Victorian Opera. Like his kinsmen, many of whom assumed the surname
Egerton-Warburton, he is
in remainder to the
Egerton baronetcy (created 1617).
Viscount
* Bolingbroke and St John:
Nicholas St John, 9th Viscount Bolingbroke, lives in Sydney. He is also 10th Viscount St John and 13th Baronet of Lydiard Tregoze.
* Bruce of Melbourne:
Stanley Bruce
Stanley Melbourne Bruce, 1st Viscount Bruce of Melbourne, (15 April 1883 – 25 August 1967) was an Australian politician who served as the eighth prime minister of Australia from 1923 to 1929, as leader of the Nationalist Party.
Born ...
became
Prime Minister
A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister i ...
in 1923, holding the office for six and a half years until he lost not only the
1929 election but also his own
seat of Flinders. He later became High Commissioner to the United Kingdom and served there for thirteen years. In 1947 he became Viscount Bruce of Melbourne, of Westminster Gardens in the
City of Westminster. He was childless and the viscountcy became extinct at his death.
Baron
* Baden-Powell:
Michael Baden-Powell (born 1940) is the 4th and current holder of the
Baden-Powell barony (and the baronetcy of Bentley), and is the son of the 2nd Baron and the brother of the 3rd Baron. He migrated to Australia in 1965, and lives in
Camberwell, Victoria
Camberwell is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 9 km east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Boroondara local government area. Camberwell recorded a population of 21,965 at the 2021 census.
...
. He is active in the Victorian Scouts movement.
* Baillieu:
Sir Clive Baillieu was born in Australia and educated at
Camberwell Grammar School
, motto_translation = By our deeds may we be known
, established =
, type = Independent, single sex, Anglican primary and secondary day school
, denomination = Anglican
, slogan ...
,
Melbourne Grammar School
(Pray and Work)
, established = 1849 (on present site since 1858 - the celebrated date of foundation)
, type = Independent, co-educational primary, single-sex boys secondary, day and boarding
, denomination ...
and the
University of Melbourne
The University of Melbourne is a public research university located in Melbourne, Australia. Founded in 1853, it is Australia's second oldest university and the oldest in Victoria. Its main campus is located in Parkville, an inner suburb no ...
, before moving to the UK, where he continued his studies at
Magdalen College, Oxford. He was granted an hereditary peerage in 1953, as 1st Baron Baillieu, of
Sefton in the Commonwealth of Australia and of Parkwood in the
County of Surrey. He died in Melbourne in 1967 and was succeeded by his son William as 2nd Baron Baillieu. The current holder, James William Latham Baillieu, 3rd
Baron Baillieu, maintains addresses in both London and Melbourne.
* Chesham:
Charles Cavendish, 7th Baron Chesham, was born in
Sydney and was educated at
The King's School, Parramatta
, motto_translation = "Bravely and Faithfully"
, streetaddress = 87–129 Pennant Hills Road
, city = North Parramatta, Sydney
, state = New South Wales
, country = Australia
, coordinat ...
before moving to the
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
.
* Clifford of Chudleigh:
Lewis Clifford, 12th Baron Clifford of Chudleigh, was born in New Zealand and later lived in Tasmania and Victoria. He was educated at
Xavier College
Xavier College is a Roman Catholic, day and boarding school predominantly for boys, founded in 1872 by the Society of Jesus, with its main campus located in Kew, an eastern suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Classes started in 1878.
...
in Melbourne and later moved to the United Kingdom.
* Dufferin and Claneboye:
John Blackwood, 11th Baron Dufferin and Claneboye, resides in
Orange, New South Wales.
* Huntingfield:
William Vanneck, 5th Baron Huntingfield
William Charles Arcedeckne Vanneck, 5th Baron Huntingfield, (3 January 1883 – 20 November 1969) was a British Conservative Party politician, Governor of Victoria, and Administrator of Australia. He was the first Australian-born governor of an ...
, was born in
Gatton, Queensland, in 1883, and grew up there until the age of 14, when he moved to England. He inherited the barony from his uncle in 1915. He was later appointed
Governor of Victoria
The governor of Victoria is the representative of the monarch, King Charles III, in the Australian state of Victoria. The governor is one of seven viceregal representatives in the country, analogous to the governors of the other states, and th ...
and served in that post from 1934 to 1939.
* Inverchapel:
Archibald Clark Kerr, 1st Baron Inverchapel
Archibald Clark Kerr, 1st Baron Inverchapel, (17 March 1882 – 5 July 1951), known as Sir Archibald Clark Kerr between 1935 and 1946, was a British diplomat. He served as Ambassador to the Soviet Union between 1942 and 1946 and to the United ...
, was born in
New South Wales
)
, nickname =
, image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg
, map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates:
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name = Australia
, established_title = Before federation
, es ...
in 1882; his maternal grandfather was Sir John Robertson, five times premier of the colony. He emigrated to England in 1889 and entered the British diplomatic service in 1906. Knighted in 1935 while Ambassador to Iraq, he was raised to the peerage in 1946 as the 1st Baron Inverchapel, of Loch Eck in the County of Argyll, and subsequently served as the British Ambassador to the United States until his retirement in 1948. He died childless in 1951, and his barony became extinct.
* Lindsay of Birker:
James Lindsay, 3rd Baron Lindsay of Birker James Francis Lindsay, 3rd Baron Lindsay of Birker (born 29 January 1945), is an Australian former diplomat.
Background and education
Lindsay is the only son of Michael Lindsay, 2nd Baron Lindsay of Birker, and his wife, Hsiao Li Lindsay, Baroness ...
(born 1945), is a former Australian diplomat, serving in Chile, Laos, Bangladesh, Venezuela, Pakistan and Kenya. He succeeded his father to the Barony of Lindsay of Birker in 1994.
* Robinson:
Roy Robinson, 1st Baron Robinson
Roy Lister Robinson, Baron Robinson, (8 March 1883 – 5 September 1952), known as Sir Roy Robinson between 1931 and 1947, was a British forester and public servant.
Background and education
Robinson was born in Macclesfield, South Australia, ...
(1883-1952), was born in South Australia and died in Canada. He lived mainly in the United Kingdom, where he was knighted for his services to forestry in 1931, and raised to the peerage in 1947 as 1st Baron Robinson, of Kielder Forest in the County of Northumberland and of Adelaide in the Commonwealth of Australia. He had no surviving sons and his barony became extinct on his death.
* Stratheden and Campbell:
David Campbell, 7th Baron Stratheden and Campbell, was born in
Rockhampton in 1963 and succeeded his father in 2011. He lives at the
Sunshine Coast.
Australian peeresses by marriage
The following Australian women are not or were not the holders of peerages themselves but became peeresses by virtue of marrying a hereditary peer.
* Dartmouth: Fiona Campbell, an Australian born in Melbourne, is the current Countess of Dartmouth since her marriage in June 2009 to
William Legge, 10th Earl of Dartmouth
William Legge, 10th Earl of Dartmouth (born 23 September 1949), styled Viscount Lewisham from 1962 to 1997, is a British politician and hereditary peer, usually known as William Dartmouth.
From 2009 to 2019, Dartmouth sat in the European Parli ...
.
* Furness and Kenmare: Enid Maude Lindeman (died 1973), born and raised in Sydney, was twice a peeress by marriage, the first time by her third marriage in 1933 to
the 1st Viscount Furness, who predeceased her, and the second time by her fourth marriage in 1943 to
the 6th Earl of Kenmare, who also predeceased her. Her son from her second marriage, Frederick Cavendish, became the 7th
Baron Waterpark
Baron Waterpark of Waterpark in the County of Cork, is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1792 for Sarah, Lady Cavendish, in honour of her husband, Sir Henry Cavendish, 2nd Baronet. Sir Henry Cavendish was a politician who repr ...
in 1948 following the death of his uncle, the 6th Baron.
* Harewood:
Patricia Lascelles, Dowager Countess of Harewood (1926–2018), was an Australian violinist and fashion model who became the second wife of
George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood
George Henry Hubert Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood, (7 February 1923 – 11 July 2011), styled The Honourable George Lascelles before 1929 and Viscount Lascelles between 1929 and 1947, was a British classical music administrator and author. He ...
on their marriage in Connecticut in 1967. She had previously borne him a son, the Hon. Mark Lascelles, in 1964. She was widowed in 2011 and the
8th Earl is the 7th Earl's son by his first wife.
* Tryon:
Dale "Kanga" Tryon, Baroness Tryon (1948–1997), born in Melbourne, was employed in Qantas' London office following her graduation. In England she met and later married Anthony Tryon,
Baron Tryon. She was a close friend of
Prince Charles, and was the founder of fashion label "Kanga" and couture line "The Dale Tryon Collection".
Hereditary peerages with Australian associations
![Birdwood arms](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Birdwood_arms.svg)
A number of hereditary titles have been created for Britons that are associated with places in Australia.
* Barony of Birdwood (1938):
Sir William Birdwood was a British military commander prominent at
Gallipoli. After retirement from the army in 1930, Birdwood made a bid to become
Governor-General of Australia. He had the backing of King
George V
George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936.
Born during the reign of his grandmother Qu ...
. However, the Australian Prime Minister
James Scullin
James Henry Scullin (18 September 1876 – 28 January 1953) was an Australian Labor Party politician and the ninth Prime Minister of Australia. Scullin led Labor to government at the 1929 Australian federal election. He was the first Cathol ...
insisted that his Australian nominee
Sir Isaac Isaacs be appointed. The King ultimately felt bound to accept the advice of the Prime Minister, but he did not disguise his reluctance and displeasure.
:In 1938 Birdwood was raised to the peerage, taking the title Baron Birdwood, of Anzac and of Totnes in the
County of Devon. He died in 1951. The barony became extinct in 2015 on the death of his grandson, the 3rd Baron Birdwood.
* Barony of Gowrie (1935) and Viscountcy of Ruthven of Canberra (1945): These two titles were created for
Alexander Hore-Ruthven
Brigadier General Alexander Gore Arkwright Hore-Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie, (; 6 July 1872 – 2 May 1955) was a British Army officer who served as the 10th Governor-General of Australia, in office from 1936 to 1945. He was previously Governor ...
, who was
Governor of South Australia (1928–1934),
Governor of New South Wales (1935–1936) and then
Governor-General of Australia (1936-1945). The Barony's territorial designation is "of Canberra in the Commonwealth of Australia and of Dirleton in the County of East Lothian". The Viscountcy was created at the same time as the higher title "Earl of Gowrie". As the Viscountcy is the most senior subsidiary title of the Earldom, it is used as a courtesy title by the heir apparent to the Earldom. The current heir apparent to the Earldom is (Patrick Leo) Brer Ruthven, styled "Viscount Ruthven of Canberra" by courtesy.
* Barony of Dugan (1949):
Sir Winston Dugan (1877–1951) was a British administrator. He served as
Governor of South Australia from 1934 to 1939 then
Governor of Victoria
The governor of Victoria is the representative of the monarch, King Charles III, in the Australian state of Victoria. The governor is one of seven viceregal representatives in the country, analogous to the governors of the other states, and th ...
until 1949. He was also the
Administrator of the Commonwealth on two occasions. He was created Baron Dugan of Victoria, of Lurgan in the
County of Armagh, on 7 July 1949. The title became extinct upon his death.
* Viscountcy of Slim (1960):
Field Marshal Sir William Slim (1891–1970) was a British military commander who had fought alongside Australians in both world wars, at Gallipoli, the Middle East and other places. He was
Governor-General of Australia from 1952 to 1960, when he returned to England. On the initiative of the then Prime Minister
Robert Menzies, Sir William and Lady Slim received Australian pensions and passports. In 1960 Slim was raised to the peerage, taking the title
Viscount Slim, of Yarralumla in the Capital Territory of Australia and of Bishopston in the
City and County of Bristol. He was succeeded upon his death by his son
John
John is a common English name and surname:
* John (given name)
* John (surname)
John may also refer to:
New Testament
Works
* Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John
* First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John
* Secon ...
(1927-2019). The current holder is his grandson Mark William Rawdon Slim, 3rd Viscount Slim.
Other hereditary peers who served as Governors-General
There were other
Governors-General of Australia who were British hereditary peers but whose peerages pre-dated their assuming the office of Governor-General, or who were raised to the peerage after assuming or leaving office but with titles that contain no references to places in Australia:
In addition to the above, some
Governors of the Australian states
The governors of the Australian states are the representatives of Australia's monarch in each of Australia's six states. The governors are the nominal chief executives of the states, performing the same constitutional and ceremonial function ...
(colonies prior to Federation) were peers prior to their appointment.
Australian life peers
Some Australians have been made
life peers (barons) or peeresses (baronesses) of the United Kingdom. They include:
*
James Atkin (1867–1944), born in Brisbane. He served as a judge of the
King's Bench division of the
High Court of England and Wales
The High Court of Justice in London, known properly as His Majesty's High Court of Justice in England, together with the Court of Appeal and the Crown Court, are the Senior Courts of England and Wales. Its name is abbreviated as EWHC (England ...
, and in 1928 was appointed a law lord. He took the title of Baron Atkin, of Aberdovey, in the County of Merioneth.
*
Natalie Bennett (born 1966), Green Party of England and Wales politician; born in
Eastwood, New South Wales
Eastwood is a suburb of Sydney, Australia. Eastwood is located 17 kilometres north-west of the Sydney central business district in the local government areas of the City of Ryde and the City of Parramatta. Eastwood is in the Northern Sydney re ...
, raised, educated and spent her early career in journalism in Australia, relocated to England in 1999. Bennett was made a life peer in 2019, as Baroness Bennett of Manor Castle, of Camden in the London Borough of Camden.
*
Sir Alec Broers (born 1938), former Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University, former President of the Royal Academy of Engineering, was ennobled in 2004. His title as a life peer is Baron Broers, of Cambridge in the County of Cambridgeshire.
*
Richard Casey (1890–1976), resigned from the Australian Federal Parliament in 1960 to accept a life peerage. He became Baron Casey, of Berwick in the State of Victoria and the Commonwealth of Australia, and of the City of Westminster, and he took his seat in the
House of Lords
The House of Lords, also known as the House of Peers, is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Membership is by appointment, heredity or official function. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminste ...
. In 1965 he was made
Governor-General of Australia.
*
Robin Corbett (1933–2012), British Labour Party politician; born in
Fremantle,
Western Australia
Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to th ...
, but moved to England as a small child. Corbett was made a life peer in 2001, as Baron Corbett of Castle Vale, of Erdington in the County of West Midlands.
*
Sir Howard Florey (1898–1968) was made a life peer in 1965 as Baron Florey, of Adelaide in the State of South Australia and Commonwealth of Australia and of Marston in the County of Oxford. Both Florey and the discoverer of
penicillin, Sir
Alexander Fleming, were knighted in 1944. Florey's additional peerage recognised the monumental work he did in making penicillin available in sufficient quantities to save millions of lives in
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
.
*
Trixie Gardner (born 1927), dentist and Conservative politician, was made a life peeress as Baroness Gardner of Parkes in the State of New South Wales and Commonwealth of Australia, and of Southgate in Greater London, on 19 June 1981. She was the last recipient of a peerage with reference to a place in Australia.
*
Robert Hall (1901–1988), Australian-born economic adviser to the UK government (1953–61) and a member of Britain's Economic Planning Board (1947–61), was made a life peer in 1969. He took the name Baron Roberthall, of Silverspur in the State of Queensland and Commonwealth of Australia and of Trenance in the County of Cornwall.
*
Sir Michael Hintze (born 1953), businessman and philanthropist; born in
Harbin,
Heilongjiang
Heilongjiang () formerly romanized as Heilungkiang, is a province in northeast China. The standard one-character abbreviation for the province is (). It was formerly romanized as "Heilungkiang". It is the northernmost and easternmost province ...
,
China, was raised and educated in Sydney, and currently resides in England. Hintze was made a life peer in 2022 as Baron Hintze, of Dunster in the County of Somerset.
*
Sir Robert May (1936–2020), Chief Scientific Adviser to HM Government, President of the Royal Society, and a professor at Sydney, Princeton, Oxford, and Imperial College London, was made a life peer in 2001. After his initial preference for "Baron May of Woollahra" failed after objection from the Protocol Office of the Australian
Prime Minister's Department, he chose the title Baron May of Oxford, of Oxford in the County of Oxfordshire.
*
Augustus Uthwatt (1879–1949), Australian-born judge; Judge of the Chancery Division of the High Court of Justice; Lord of Appeal in Ordinary; Privy Counsellor; 1946 he took the title Baron Uthwatt, of Lathbury, in the County of Buckingham.
Abortive peerages
The following Australians were nominated for peerages, but the peerage was never actually bestowed.
*
Sir John Forrest
Sir John Forrest (22 August 1847 – 2 SeptemberSome sources give the date as 3 September 1918 1918) was an Australian explorer and politician. He was the first premier of Western Australia (1890–1901) and a long-serving cabinet minister i ...
was to have been made an hereditary peer, but died before the peerage was formally created. He was an explorer and statesman, who became the first
Premier of Western Australia
The premier of Western Australia is the head of government of the state of Western Australia. The role of premier at a state level is similar to the role of the prime minister of Australia at a federal level. The premier leads the executive bra ...
(1890–1901). After
Federation
A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central federal government ( federalism). In a federation, the self-govern ...
he entered
Federal Parliament
The Parliament of Australia (officially the Federal Parliament, also called the Commonwealth Parliament) is the legislative branch of the government of Australia. It consists of three elements: the monarch (represented by the governor-gen ...
(1901–1918). On 6 February 1918, he was informed that he was to be elevated to the British peerage as ''Baron Forrest, of Bunbury in the Commonwealth of Australia and of Forrest in
Fife'', and a public announcement was made of the honour. He died at sea off the coast of
Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone,)]. officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. It is bordered by Liberia to the southeast and Guinea surrounds the northern half of the nation. Covering a total area of , Sierr ...
while en route to England for medical treatment. Despite the announcement, no
Letters Patent
Letters patent ( la, litterae patentes) ( always in the plural) are a type of legal instrument in the form of a published written order issued by a monarch, president or other head of state, generally granting an office, right, monopoly, titl ...
were issued before his death, so the peerage was not officially created. He is sometimes referred to as "Lord Forrest", however this is an inaccurate title. He died childless, and so the barony would have become extinct upon his death even if he had survived to receive it.
*
D. P. O'Connell was nominated for a life peerage in the 1979 UK Honours List but died before the peerage could be granted.
* In 1977, the Prime Minister
Malcolm Fraser
John Malcolm Fraser (; 21 May 1930 – 20 March 2015) was an Australian politician who served as the 22nd prime minister of Australia from 1975 to 1983, holding office as the leader of the Liberal Party of Australia.
Fraser was raised on hi ...
at least informally raised with the UK Prime Minister
James Callaghan the prospect of the Governor-General
Sir John Kerr being elevated to the peerage. This was done at the same time as recommending Kerr's appointment as a Privy Counsellor. Callaghan supported the latter recommendation, but felt unable to support the former.
Australian baronets
The following Australians were awarded or have inherited baronetcies:
Baronetcy of
Barnewall Barnewall is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anthony Barnewall (1721–1739), German army officer
* John Barnewall (disambiguation)
* Nicholas Barnewall (disambiguation)
* Patrick Barnewall (disambiguation)
See also
*Viscount ...
of Crickstown
The
baronetcy
A baronet ( or ; abbreviated Bart or Bt) or the female equivalent, a baronetess (, , or ; abbreviation Btss), is the holder of a baronetcy, a hereditary title awarded by the British Crown. The title of baronet is mentioned as early as the 14th ...
is extant. John Aylmer Barnewall emigrated to Australia in 1840. He died at Upper Thornton, Victoria in 1890. In 1909, his son John Robert Barnewall succeeded to the baronetcy as 11th baronet. The 13th baronet, Sir Reginald Robert Barnewall, was born in 1924 and educated at
Xavier College
Xavier College is a Roman Catholic, day and boarding school predominantly for boys, founded in 1872 by the Society of Jesus, with its main campus located in Kew, an eastern suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Classes started in 1878.
...
, Melbourne. He succeeded to the baronetcy in 1961 and lived in
Mount Tamborine, Queensland
Mount Tamborine is a town within the locality of Tamborine Mountain in South East Queensland, Australia.
History
Mount Tamborine Post Office opened by March 1924 (a receiving office had been open from 1881, originally known as Tambourine Mounta ...
until his death in 2018. His son Sir Peter Barnewall (born 1963) is the 14th and current baronet.
Baronetcy of Boileau
Boileau baronets have resided in Australia since 1942, when Francis Boileau became the 5th baronet. The current holder is the 9th baronet.
Baronetcy of Clarke of Rupertswood
Sir William John Clarke
Sir William John Clarke, 1st Baronet (31 March 1831 – 15 May 1897), was an Australian businessman and philanthropist in the Colony of Victoria. He was raised to the baronetage in 1882, the first Victorian to be granted a hereditary honour.
...
, 1st Bt. (1882, Colony of Victoria)
The
baronetcy
A baronet ( or ; abbreviated Bart or Bt) or the female equivalent, a baronetess (, , or ; abbreviation Btss), is the holder of a baronetcy, a hereditary title awarded by the British Crown. The title of baronet is mentioned as early as the 14th ...
is extant. The 4th and current Baronet, Sir Rupert Grant Alexander Clarke (born 1947), lives in Victoria.
Baronetcy of Cooper of Woollahra
Sir Daniel Cooper
''Sir'' is a formal honorific address in English for men, derived from Sire in the High Middle Ages. Both are derived from the old French "Sieur" (Lord), brought to England by the French-speaking Normans, and which now exist in French only as p ...
, 1st Bt. (1863, Colony of New South Wales)
The
baronetcy
A baronet ( or ; abbreviated Bart or Bt) or the female equivalent, a baronetess (, , or ; abbreviation Btss), is the holder of a baronetcy, a hereditary title awarded by the British Crown. The title of baronet is mentioned as early as the 14th ...
is extant. Currently held by
Sir William Cooper, 6th Bt.
Baronetcy of Henry of Parkwood
Sir Charles Solomon Henry, 1st Bt. (1860–1919), was an Australian merchant and businessman who lived mostly in Britain and sat as a Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons from 1906 until his death. He had no heirs.
The baronetcy is extinct.
Baronetcy of
Lauder
The former Royal Burgh of Lauder (, gd, Labhdar) is a town in the Scottish Borders in the Shires of Scotland, historic county of Berwickshire. On the Southern Upland Way, the burgh lies southeast of Edinburgh, on the western edge of the Lamme ...
of Fountainhall, Haddingtonshire
Sir Piers Robert Dick Lauder, 13th Baronet, born 3 October 1947 at
Nicosia
Nicosia ( ; el, Λευκωσία, Lefkosía ; tr, Lefkoşa ; hy, Նիկոսիա, romanized: ''Nikosia''; Cypriot Arabic: Nikusiya) is the largest city, capital, and seat of government of Cyprus. It is located near the centre of the Mesaor ...
,
Cyprus
Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is geo ...
, where his father was an officer serving in the
British Army
The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. , the British Army comprises 79,380 regular full-time personnel, 4,090 Gurk ...
. From 1974 until 2006, Lauder (who only uses the surname Lauder) was a programmer and Computer Systems Officer in the Basser Department of Computer Science at
Sydney University
The University of Sydney (USYD), also known as Sydney University, or informally Sydney Uni, is a public research university located in Sydney, Australia. Founded in 1850, it is the oldest university in Australia and is one of the country's six ...
.
His main interests are in the areas of networking and operating systems. With Judy Kay he co-authored the ''Fair Share Scheduler'', now being sold by
Aurema under the name "ARMTechShareExpress". With Professor Robert (Bob) Kummerfeld he co-authored the ''Message Handling Systems network'' ("MHSnet") used, among others, by the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Professor Kummerfeld and Piers Lauder were jointly elected to the Australian Internet Hall of Fame in 1998. Sir Piers Lauder is a founding member of
AUUG
AUUG was an Australian association and users' group. It described itself as the organisation for Unix, Linux and Open Source professionals. Its aim was to build a community of those interested in open systems and open standards. The newslett ...
, the Australian Unix and Open Systems User Group. He has twice been appointed Programme Chairman at AUUG Conferences in
Sydney and has taken leave from the university to work overseas on three separate occasions, twice at the invitation of
Bell Laboratories
Nokia Bell Labs, originally named Bell Telephone Laboratories (1925–1984),
then AT&T Bell Laboratories (1984–1996)
and Bell Labs Innovations (1996–2007),
is an American industrial research and scientific development company owned by mult ...
to work in the lab that originated UNIX, and once at the invitation of
UUNET
UUNET, founded in 1987, was one of the largest Internet service providers and one of the early Tier 1 networks. It was based in Northern Virginia and was one of the first commercial Internet service providers. Today, UUNET is an internal brand ...
to work in the burgeoning ISP business. He is an enthusiastic proponent of the
Python
Python may refer to:
Snakes
* Pythonidae, a family of nonvenomous snakes found in Africa, Asia, and Australia
** ''Python'' (genus), a genus of Pythonidae found in Africa and Asia
* Python (mythology), a mythical serpent
Computing
* Python (pro ...
programming language. He has, by his partner Jane Elix, a natural child, Angus Thomas Lauder Elix (born 1996). They also have a foster-daughter, Akira Crease. The
heir presumptive
An heir presumptive is the person entitled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honour, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of an heir apparent or a new heir presumptive with a better claim to the position in question.
...
to the baronetcy is Mark Andrew Dick Lauder (born 1951), second and youngest son of the 12th Baronet. He was born in Berlin at the British Military Hospital. His
heir apparent
An heir apparent, often shortened to heir, is a person who is first in an order of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting by the birth of another person; a person who is first in the order of succession but can be displaced by the b ...
is his only son, Martin Dick-Lauder (born 1976).
Baronetcy of Matheson of Lochalsh
Sir Alexander Matheson, 3rd Baronet
Sir Alexander Perceval Matheson, 3rd Baronet (6 February 1861 – 6 August 1929) was a Senator for Western Australia (1901–1906) and member of the Western Australian Legislative Council (1897–1901). He was born in London and arrived in ...
(6 February 1861 – 7 August 1929), born in Mayfair, London, was the son of Sir Alexander Matheson, 1st Baronet, a Scottish member of the House of Commons. In 1894 he migrated to
Western Australia
Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to th ...
. In 1897, he was elected to the
Western Australian Legislative Council
The Western Australian Legislative Council is the upper house of the Parliament of Western Australia, a state of Australia. It is regarded as a house of review for legislation passed by the Legislative Assembly, the lower house. The two Houses ...
for
North-East Province, serving until 1901. In 1901 he was elected to the
Australian Senate
The Senate is the upper house of the Bicameralism, bicameral Parliament of Australia, the lower house being the House of Representatives (Australia), House of Representatives. The composition and powers of the Senate are established in Chapter ...
as a Senator for Western Australia, on a platform of absolute
free trade
Free trade is a trade policy that does not restrict imports or exports. It can also be understood as the free market idea applied to international trade. In government, free trade is predominantly advocated by political parties that hold econo ...
,
industrial arbitration Industrial arbitration is a type of arbitration to prevent or settle labor disputes that may arise between an industrial employer and a union, union member, or union representative to prevent legal action taking place and finding less costly ways to ...
,
old age pension
A pension (, from Latin ''pensiō'', "payment") is a fund into which a sum of money is added during an employee's employment years and from which payments are drawn to support the person's retirement from work in the form of periodic payments ...
s,
uniform franchise and
White Australia
The White Australia policy is a term encapsulating a set of historical policies that aimed to forbid people of non-European ethnic origin, especially Asians (primarily Chinese) and Pacific Islanders, from immigrating to Australia, starting i ...
. He served until his retirement in 1906. Returning to England, he succeeded to the
Matheson baronetcy in 1920, and died in 1929.
Baronetcy of Nicholson of Luddenham
Sir Charles Nicholson, 1st Bt. (1859, Colony of New South Wales)
The
baronetcy
A baronet ( or ; abbreviated Bart or Bt) or the female equivalent, a baronetess (, , or ; abbreviation Btss), is the holder of a baronetcy, a hereditary title awarded by the British Crown. The title of baronet is mentioned as early as the 14th ...
is extinct.
Baronetcy of O'Loghlen of Drumcanora
* Sir
Bryan O'Loghlen, 3rd Baronet (1828-1905), emigrated to Victoria in 1862 was appointed a Crown Prosecutor in 1863. He succeeded to the baronetcy on the death of his elder brother in 1877. He held a seat in the
Victorian Legislative Assembly
The Victorian Legislative Assembly is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Victoria in Australia; the upper house being the Victorian Legislative Council. Both houses sit at Parliament House in Spring Street, Melbourne.
The presiding ...
from 1878 to 1883, and was
Premier of Victoria
The premier of Victoria is the head of government in the Australian state of Victoria. The premier is appointed by the governor of Victoria, and is the leader of the political party able to secure a majority in the Victorian Legislative Assembly ...
from 1881 until 1883. He rejoined the Legislative Assembly in 1888, holding a seat until 1900.
* Sir Colman Michael O'Loghlen, 6th Baronet (1916-2014), was educated at
Xavier College
Xavier College is a Roman Catholic, day and boarding school predominantly for boys, founded in 1872 by the Society of Jesus, with its main campus located in Kew, an eastern suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Classes started in 1878.
...
, Melbourne and succeeded to the baronetcy in 1951.
* Michael O'Loghlen, Q.C., is the son of the 6th baronet and is the prospective 7th baronet following his father's death.
Baronetcy of
Samuel
Samuel ''Šəmūʾēl'', Tiberian: ''Šămūʾēl''; ar, شموئيل or صموئيل '; el, Σαμουήλ ''Samouḗl''; la, Samūēl is a figure who, in the narratives of the Hebrew Bible, plays a key role in the transition from the bibl ...
of Nevern Square
*Sir
Saul Samuel
Sir Saul Samuel, 1st Baronet (2 November 182029 August 1900) was an Australian colonial merchant, member of parliament, pastoralist, and prominent Jew. Samuel achieved many breakthroughs for Jews in the colonial community of New South Wales in ...
, 1st Baronet (1820–1900)
*Sir Edward Levien Samuel, 2nd Baronet (1868–1937)
*Sir Edward Louis Samuel, 3rd Baronet (1896–1961)
*Sir John Oliver Cecil Samuel, 4th Baronet (1916–1962)
*Sir John Michael Glen Samuel, 5th Baronet (born 1944)
Baronetcy of
Trollope
The name Trollope is derived from the place-name Troughburn, in Northumberland, England, originally Trolhop, Norse for "troll valley". The earliest recorded use of the surname is John Andrew Trolope (1427–1461) who lived in Thornlaw, Co. Durh ...
of Casewick
* Sir Gordon Clavering Trollope, 15th Baronet (29 October 1885 – 18 October 1958), was born in Sydney and attended
Newington College
, motto_translation = To Faith Add Knowledge
, location = Inner West and Lower North Shore of Sydney, New South Wales
, country = Australia
, coordinates =
, pushpin_map = A ...
(1898–1901). He later worked as a woolbroker in Australia.
* Sir Anthony Owen Clavering Trollope, 16th Baronet (15 January 1917 – 1987), elder son of the 15th Baronet, was born in Sydney and attended North Sydney Boys High School.
* Sir Anthony Simon Trollope, 17th Baronet (born 31 August 1945) was born in Sydney and attended North Sydney Boys High. He is married, with two daughters.
* The heir presumptive to the baronetcy is Hugh Irwin Trollope (b. 31 March 1947), who is married with one son and two daughters. Hugh Trollope was born in Sydney and attended North Sydney Boys High School. As a result of a family illness he became a boarder at Newington College (1964-1966), which his grandfather had attended. He was a notable Rugby Union player for Newington and Gordon Club.
Baronetcy of Way of Montefiore
Sir Samuel James Way, 1st Bt. (1836-1916; baronetcy awarded 1899, Colony of South Australia)
The baronetcy is extinct.
See also
*
Members of the House of Lords
This is a list of members of the House of Lords, the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
Current sitting members
Lords Spiritual
26 bishops of the Church of England sit in the House of Lords: the Archbishops of Canterbury and ...
*
Canadian peers and baronets
Canadian peers and baronets (french: pairs et baronnets canadiens) exist in both the peerage of France recognized by the Monarch of Canada (the same as the Monarch of the United Kingdom) and the peerage of the United Kingdom.
In 1627, French ...
*
Bunyip aristocracy
Bunyip aristocracy is an Australian term satirising attempts by William Wentworth to establish a system of titles in the colony of New South Wales. It was coined in 1853 by Daniel Deniehy in what came to be known as the ''Bunyip Aristocracy spee ...
*
Australian honorificsCracroft's peerage
References
Bibliography
*
*[http://home.freeuk.com/don-aitken/emayvols.html Farnborough, T. E. May, 1st Baron. (1896). ''Constitutional History of England since the Accession of George the Third'', 11th ed. London: Longmans, Green and Co.]
Life Peerages Act 1958. (6 & 7 Elizabeth 2 c. 21). London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
{{Nobility by nation
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
Peerages in the United Kingdom