August Franz Josef Karl Mayer (2 November 1787 in
Schwäbisch Gmünd
Schwäbisch Gmünd (, until 1934: Gmünd; Swabian: ''Gmẽẽd'' or ''Gmend'') is a city in the eastern part of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. With a population of around 60,000, the city is the second largest in the Ostalb district a ...
– 9 November 1865 in
Bonn
The federal city of Bonn ( lat, Bonna) is a city on the banks of the Rhine in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, with a population of over 300,000. About south-southeast of Cologne, Bonn is in the southernmost part of the Rhine-Ruhr r ...
) was a German
anatomist
Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its ...
and
physiologist
Physiology (; ) is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a sub-discipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical a ...
.
He received his education at the
University of Tübingen
The University of Tübingen, officially the Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen (german: Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; la, Universitas Eberhardina Carolina), is a public research university located in the city of Tübingen, Baden-Wü ...
, obtaining his doctorate in 1812. Afterwards, he worked as a
prosector
A prosector is a person with the special task of preparing a dissection for demonstration, usually in medical schools or hospitals. Many important anatomists began their careers as prosectors working for lecturers and demonstrators in anatomy and p ...
at the
Academy of Bern, where in 1815 he was named a professor of anatomy and physiology. From 1819 to 1856 he was a professor at the
University of Bonn
The Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University of Bonn (german: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn) is a public research university located in Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded in its present form as the ( en, Rhine U ...
. Among his better known students at Bonn were
Johannes Peter Müller
Johannes Peter Müller (14 July 1801 – 28 April 1858) was a German physiologist, comparative anatomy, comparative anatomist, ichthyology, ichthyologist, and herpetology, herpetologist, known not only for his discoveries but also for his ability ...
and
Theodor Ludwig Wilhelm von Bischoff
Theodor Ludwig Wilhelm von Bischoff (28 October 1807 in Hannover – 5 December 1882 in Munich) was a German physician and biologist.
Biography
He lectured on pathological anatomy at Heidelberg (1835-1843) and held professorships in anatomy and ...
.
His name is associated with a female reproductive disorder known today as
Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH); named in conjunction with
Carl von Rokitansky
Baron Carl von Rokitansky (german: Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky, cs, Karel Rokytanský; 19 February 1804 – 23 July 1878) was a Bohemian physician, pathologist, humanist philosopher and liberal politician, founder of the Viennese School of Medi ...
, Hermann Küster and Georges André Hauser.
Selected works
He was the author of around 145 published works, many of them written from the viewpoint of
natural philosophy
Natural philosophy or philosophy of nature (from Latin ''philosophia naturalis'') is the philosophical study of physics
Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior throu ...
.
* ''Ueber Histologie und eine neue Eintheilung der Gewebe des menschlichen Körpers'', 1819 – On
histology
Histology,
also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, is the branch of biology which studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at larger structures vis ...
and a new division of tissues of the human body.
* ''Beschreibung einer graviditas interstitialis uteri'', 1825.
* ''Supplemente zur Biologie des Blutes und des Pflanzensaftes'', Book 1, 1827 – Supplements on the biology of the blood and of plant sap.
* ''Über Verdoppelungen des Uterus und ihre Arten, nebst Bemerkungen über Harenscharte und Wolfsrachen'', 1829.
* ''Supplemente zur Lehre vom Kreislaufe'', 1827 - Volume 1, 1835 – Supplements to the doctrine of
circulation.
* ''Flimmerbewegungen, Leben der Blutsphären, Monadenlehre'': 2, 1836.
* ''Die Metamorphose der Monaden'', 1840 – The metamorphosis of monads.
* ''Beiträge zur anatomie der entozoen'', 1841 – Contributions to the anatomy of Entozoa.
* ''Anatomische Untersuchungen über das Auge vom Walfisch'', 1853 – Anatomical investigations on the eye of the whale.
* ''Ueber die Struktur der Häutedeckungen der Cetaceen'', 1855 – On the structure of
cetacean
Cetacea (; , ) is an infraorder of aquatic mammals that includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Key characteristics are their fully aquatic lifestyle, streamlined body shape, often large size and exclusively carnivorous diet. They propel them ...
skin.
* ''Zur Anatomie des Orang-Utang und des Chimpanse'', 1856On the anatomy of the orang-utan and the chimpanzee
* ''Ueber die fossilen Ueberreste eines menschlichen Schädels und Skeletes in einer Felsenhöhle des Düssel- oder Neander-Thales'', 1864 – Concerning the fossil remains of a human skull and skeleton in a cave of the
Düssel
The Düssel is a small right tributary of the river Rhine in North Rhine Westphalia, Germany. Its source is east of Wülfrath. It flows westward through the Neander Valley where the fossils of the first known to be Neanderthal man were found i ...
or
Neander Neander may refer to:
;Surname
* August Neander (1789–1850), a German theologian and church historian
* Ernst Neumann-Neander (1871–1954), founder of the now defunct Neander motorcycle manufacturer
* Joachim Neander (1650–1680), Calvinist tea ...
valley.
The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology and Anthropology of Hunter-Gatherers
edited by Vicki Cummings, Peter Jordan, Marek Zvelebil
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mayer, August Franz Josef Karl
1787 births
1865 deaths
German anatomists
German physiologists
People from Schwäbisch Gmünd
University of Tübingen alumni
University of Bern faculty
University of Bonn faculty