Aufbau (journal)

' (German for "building up, construction") is a periodical targeted at German-speaking Jews around the globe. Founded in 1934 in New York City as a newspaper for German Jewish immigrants, it was reinvented in 2004 in Switzerland as a glossy magazine for German-speaking Jews of the 21st century. Hannah Arendt, Albert Einstein, Thomas Mann, and Stefan Zweig wrote for the original publication. Until 2004 it was published in New York City. It is now published in Zürich.

History

The ' was founded by the German–Jewish Club, which was later renamed the New World Club.Adam, T (2005) "Germany and the Americas", ABC-CLIO The original purpose of the journal was as a monthly newsletter for the club, which included information and helpful facts for Jewish refugees.

The Early Years of the ''Aufbau''

1934

In December, the first issue of the journal was published.

1935

In February 1935, the ''Aufbau'' released its third publication that highlighted the Heinrich Heine, later renamed the Lorelei, Foundation in New York City, New York. Later that year in June, the ''Aufbau'' released an issue detailing pro-Nazi groups as a warning for readers in Yorkville. The passing of the Nuremberg Laws prompted the ''Aufbau'' to respond by continuing to publish their content. In November, the focus of the ''Aufbau'' changed. The focus of the journal shifted from primarily being about the club and community promotion, to depicting more of what was happening to Jewish people in German cities. The November issue was the beginning of the ''Aufbau'''s evolution and expansion to not only New York Jewish communities, but Jewish communities everywhere.

1938

In November 1938, the primary mission for the ''Aufbau'' continued to evolve. This particular evolution in their mission was in response to Hitler gaining control of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia. The ''Aufbau'' then began to strive for a greater sense of unity amongst the Jewish communities around the world by beginning to report on what the situations were like for those still in Europe as opposed to those who had immigrated to the United States.

1939

In February 1939, the ''Aufbau'' went through another transition. The general tone of the paper changed their design to focus more on the realities faced by the Jewish communities in Europe. For example, a particular issue highlighted the story of how an SS officer beat, humiliated, and tortured a group of German Jewish people as well as other acts against German Jewish people in similar situations.  This report was specific only to ''Aufbau'' because it did not meet American journalist standards because the source of the stories was anonymous. August marked the beginning of a new featured segment in ''Aufbau,'' titled "March of Time". This addition to the paper served the purpose of creating a convenient list of news sources for Jewish communities.

Manfred George was nominated as the new editor in 1939.

Manfred George

The purpose of the publication changed markedly when, in 1939, Manfred George was nominated as the new editor. George took the journal from a monthly newsletter to one of the leading anti-Nazi publications of the German press in exile ('). George, within the first 5 years of his tenure, took the circulation of the journal from 8,000 to 40,000. Before Manfred George became the editor of the ''Aufbau'', he was a well-known editor of a Berlin daily, ''Tempo'',Young-Bruel, E. (2004) "Hannah Arendt", Yale University Press and a left-wing journalist in the Weimar Republic

When George became the new editor, he added three major themes for the ''Aufbau''. These three themes emphasized the connection between the German homeland and the newfound homeland of the United States. He encouraged a strong belief in Judaism and loyalty to the German culture.

In one of the first issues with George as editor, he emphasized the uncertainty present in the futures of Jewish people at the time and encouraged sympathy and neutrality. This issue was released shortly after Germany invaded Poland in September 1939.

1940

In 1940, ''Aufbau'' faced backlash because they were reporting the violence and incidents occurring against Jewish people in Europe. The backlash revolved around people not approving of their content nor finding it to be credible. The ''Aufbau'' editors responded by issuing a statement explaining that other publication's readers did not necessarily care as much about the suffering of Jewish people as the ''Aufbau'' readers did.  Furthermore, editors explained that what the competing publications, like the New York Times, were currently publishing, the ''Aufbau'' had published weeks prior.

As of February 1940, the ''Aufbau'' was continuing to promote club events for the German-Jewish Club. In addition, throughout the summer, the journal highlighted various happenings and occurrences in American politics under the heading, “The Smoke-Filled Room”.  The purpose of this was to educate Jewish immigrants in the United States on mainstream American culture and practices, like the presidential election between Franklin D, Roosevelt and Wendell Willkie.

1941

In an effort to continue the support for Americanization, the ''Aufbau'' published an ''Aufbau Almanac'' called, "The Immigrants Handbook".  This “handbook” was used as a how-to guide for new German-Jewish immigrants within the United States. It included 192 pages detailing American life and everything that someone might need to know, like the political system or the lyrics to the “Star Spangled Banner”.

Archives, curated collections, and reproductions

All issued, from inception through 2004, are accessible online ''via'' The Leo Baeck Institute at .

The ''Aufbau'' database

From September 1, 1944, through September 27, 1946, the ' printed numerous lists of Jewish Holocaust survivors located in Europe, as well as a few lists of victims. The data include information taken from lists which appeared between late 1944 and early 1947. The lists published in ' were prepared by many different organizations, often by Jewish relief organizations or by officials in displaced persons' camps.

The ' Indexing Project

The ' Indexing Project (AIP) is an online database of names that appeared in announcements published in the '.

References

External links

*

Digitized copy of "Aufbau (New York, 1934–2004)"
14from the Leo Baeck Institute, New York

Official website of The Indexing Project



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Exilliteratur
German-language magazines
Jewish magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1934
Magazines published in New York City
Magazines published in Zürich
German-language mass media in the United States