Aubertin () is a
commune
A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to:
Administrative-territorial entities
* Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township
** Communes of ...
in the
Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Pyrénées-Atlantiques (; Gascon Occitan: ''Pirenèus Atlantics''; eu, Pirinio Atlantiarrak or ) is a department in the southwest corner of France and of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Named after the Pyrenees mountain range and the Atlanti ...
department
Department may refer to:
* Departmentalization, division of a larger organization into parts with specific responsibility
Government and military
*Department (administrative division), a geographical and administrative division within a country, ...
in the
Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Nouvelle-Aquitaine (; oc, Nòva Aquitània or ; eu, Akitania Berria; Poitevin-Saintongeais: ''Novéle-Aguiéne'') is the largest administrative region in France, spanning the west and southwest of the mainland. The region was created by t ...
region of south-western
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
.
The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Aubertinois'' or ''Aubertinoises''.
Geography
Aubertin is located in
Béarn
The Béarn (; ; oc, Bearn or ''Biarn''; eu, Bearno or ''Biarno''; or ''Bearnia'') is one of the traditional provinces of France, located in the Pyrenees mountains and in the plain at their feet, in southwest France. Along with the three Bas ...
some 10 km west of
Pau and 8 km north-west of
Gan
The word Gan or the initials GAN may refer to:
Places
*Gan, a component of Hebrew placenames literally meaning "garden"
China
* Gan River (Jiangxi)
* Gan River (Inner Mongolia),
* Gan County, in Jiangxi province
* Gansu, abbreviated ''Gā ...
. Access to the commune is by the D146 from
Artiguelouve
Artiguelouve (; oc, Artigaloba) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France.
The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Artiguelouviens'' or ''Artiguelouviennes''.
Geography ...
in the north-east which passes through the north of the commune and goes west to
Lacommande
Lacommande (; oc, La Comanda) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
Géography
Lacommande township is located some 11 km of Pau, 12,3 km of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and 8,8 km of Monein, o ...
. Access to the village is by the D346 which branches south from the D146 in the commune and continues through the village to join the D24 some 6 km west of Gan. The commune has a mix of forest and farmland throughout its territory.
[Google Maps]
/ref>
The Baïse
The Baïse () ( oc, Baïsa) is a long river in south-western France, left tributary of the Garonne. Its source is in the foothills of the Pyrenees, near Lannemezan. It flows north through the following ''départements'' and towns:
* Hautes-Pyrén ...
forms the western border of the commune as it flows north to join the Gave de Pau
The Gave de Pau () is a river of south-western France. It takes its name from the city of Pau, through which it flows. The river is long ( including the Gaves réunis), and its source is at the Cirque de Gavarnie in the Pyrenees mountains. The ...
at Abidos. The Juscle rises in the south-east of the commune and flows north to join the Gave de Pau at Bésingrand
Bésingrand (; oc, Vesingran) is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France.
See also
*Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department
The following is a list of the 546 communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiq ...
. Each river gathers many small tributaries that rise in the commune.[
]
Places and hamlets
*Arizet
*Arrouset
*Arrouzes
*Baherle
*Bahette
*Barbe
*Barrere
*Barrot
*Baudorre
*Bayle
*Bengueres
*Benoit
*Benterou
*Bernat
*Bertrand
*Beteille
*Blazy
*Bonneton
*Bordechy
*Bory
*Bouchet
*Burret
*Cabarrecq
*Calotte
*Camy
*Casedeyan
*Cassou
*Catihaut
*Caussit
*Caussitou
*Cazenave
*Chicot
*Chounet
*Clamens
*Claverie
*Constantine
*Couy
*Crasman
*Cuyala
*David
*Espa
*Haget
*Heroulet
*Heugas
*Hourat
*Hourcade
*Istehnou
*Jagou[
*Joliment
*Labarthe
*Labasse
*Labat
*Labegorre
*Labesque
*Labory
*Lacarrieu
*Lacoste
*Lacrouts
*Lagrave
*Lahitole
*Lamasouere
*Lanardonne
*Lapet
*Laplume
*Lardit
*Larriscat
*Larriu
*Laymar
*Lebe
*Lembeye
*Lespees
*Lestanguet
*Lous
*Loustau
*Mazou
*Mene
*Mesple
*Mialou
*Miramont
*Mirassou
*Modet
*Montagnette
*Montis
*Mourterat
*Mourthe
*Navailles
*Palassou
*Palou
*Pargade
*Pedane
*Penen
*Pepicq
*Perry
*Peyrenere
*Poeydevant
*Porte
*Poumade
*Puyade
*Reyau
*Rontignon
*Saliou
*Sarthou
*Serrot
*Setze
*Soldat
*Talabot
*Talet
*Tiret
*Toulas
*Tucou
*Turoun
*Vignau
][Géoportail](_blank)
IGN
''IGN'' (formerly ''Imagine Games Network'') is an American video game and entertainment media website operated by IGN Entertainment Inc., a subsidiary of Ziff Davis, Inc. The company's headquarters is located in San Francisco's SoMa distri ...
Neighbouring communes and villages
[
]
Toponymy
Among the hypotheses on the origin of the name ''Aubertin'', Michel Grosclaude favours that of a Gascon man's name (diminutive of ''Aubert'') or the Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
''Albertinus'' rather than the German ''Adalbehrt''.Michel Grosclaude
Michel Grosclaude (; oc, Miquèu; 1926–2002) was a philosopher and French linguist, and an author of works on grammar, lexicography and Occitan onomastics.
Biography
Born on 8 July 1926 in Nancy at (Meurthe-et-Moselle). He was the
son of ...
, ''Toponymic Dictionary of communes, Béarn'', Edicions reclams & Édition Cairn - 2006, 416 pages,
The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.
Sources:
*Raymond
Raymond is a male given name. It was borrowed into English from French (older French spellings were Reimund and Raimund, whereas the modern English and French spellings are identical). It originated as the Germanic ᚱᚨᚷᛁᚾᛗᚢᚾᛞ ( ...
:''
''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. [''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees'']
Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011
Origins:
*Marca: Pierre de Marca
Pierre de Marca (24 January 1594 – 29 June 1662) was a French bishop and historian, born at Gan in Béarn of a family distinguished in the magistracy.
His family was known among judicial circles in the 16th century, and maintained the ...
, ''History of Béarn''.Pierre de Marca
Pierre de Marca (24 January 1594 – 29 June 1662) was a French bishop and historian, born at Gan in Béarn of a family distinguished in the magistracy.
His family was known among judicial circles in the 16th century, and maintained the ...
, ''History of Béarn''
*Fors de Béarn
The Fors de Bearn, or fueros of Béarn, are a series of legal texts (privileges, rulings, judicial sentences, decrees, formularies) compiled over centuries (mostly the eleventh to thirteenth) in the Viscounty of Béarn. Together they formed th ...
[Manuscript from the 14th century - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques ]
*Census: Census of Béarn
*Reformation: Reformation of Béarn[Manuscript from the 16th to 18th centuries - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques ]
*Insinuations: Insinuations of the Diocese of Oloron The former Roman Catholic Diocese of Oloron was a Latin rite bishopric in Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, Aquitaine region of south-west France, from the 6th to the 19th century.
History
The diocese of Oleron already existed in the 6th cen ...
[Manuscripts from the 17th century in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques ]
History
When the name ''Aubertin'' appears in texts from the beginning of the 12th century, it is difficult to associate it with a specific territory. It is known that there was a beech
Beech (''Fagus'') is a genus of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Europe, Asia, and North America. Recent classifications recognize 10 to 13 species in two distinct subgenera, ''Engleriana'' and ''Fagus''. The ''Engle ...
grove at Aubertin (''Faget d'Aubertii''), in the middle of which Gaston IV of Béarn
Gaston is a masculine given name of French origin and a surname. The name "Gaston" may refer to:
People
First name
*Gaston I, Count of Foix (1287–1315)
* Gaston II, Count of Foix (1308–1343)
*Gaston III, Count of Foix (1331–1391)
*Gaston ...
, called ''le Croisé'' (The Crusader), began building a hospital in the years 1115-1118. This foundation was challenged by the Lord of Bedosse and his descendants who claimed ownership of the soil. The Albertine charter signed in 1128 resolved the dispute and allowed the development of the hospital which was opened shortly after a church, a cloister and a cemetery. Farmland extended from the left bank of the Baïse
The Baïse () ( oc, Baïsa) is a long river in south-western France, left tributary of the Garonne. Its source is in the foothills of the Pyrenees, near Lannemezan. It flows north through the following ''départements'' and towns:
* Hautes-Pyrén ...
to the top of the hill to the west on the territory of the present village of Lacommande
Lacommande (; oc, La Comanda) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
Géography
Lacommande township is located some 11 km of Pau, 12,3 km of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and 8,8 km of Monein, o ...
.
At the beginning of the 13th century, this place became the Commandery
In the Middle Ages, a commandery (rarely commandry) was the smallest administrative division of the European landed properties of a military order. It was also the name of the house where the knights of the commandery lived.Anthony Luttrell and G ...
of Aubertin - the main establishment of the Priory of Sainte-Christine-du-Somport on the northern slopes of the Pyrenees
The Pyrenees (; es, Pirineos ; french: Pyrénées ; ca, Pirineu ; eu, Pirinioak ; oc, Pirenèus ; an, Pirineus) is a mountain range straddling the border of France and Spain. It extends nearly from its union with the Cantabrian Mountains to C ...
. By contrast, the origin of the Bedosse family and the extension of their domains remains unknown. For centuries Monein
Monein (; oc, Monenh) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
Geography Neighbouring Communes
*North: Lahourcade and Pardies
*West: Lucq-de-Béarn and Cardesse
*South: Estialescq and Lasseube
*East: Auberti ...
continued to claim ownership of this enclave of the Commandery of Aubertin.
Texts from the middle of the 12th century also report a lordship at Artiguelouve
Artiguelouve (; oc, Artigaloba) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France.
The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Artiguelouviens'' or ''Artiguelouviennes''.
Geography ...
which extended from the Gave de Pau
The Gave de Pau () is a river of south-western France. It takes its name from the city of Pau, through which it flows. The river is long ( including the Gaves réunis), and its source is at the Cirque de Gavarnie in the Pyrenees mountains. The ...
to the Baïse
The Baïse () ( oc, Baïsa) is a long river in south-western France, left tributary of the Garonne. Its source is in the foothills of the Pyrenees, near Lannemezan. It flows north through the following ''départements'' and towns:
* Hautes-Pyrén ...
on the current communes of Artiguelouve and Aubertin. So, in 1160 Guillaume of Artiguelouve and one called ''Loup Bergunh'' sold the land and woods located on the right bank of the Bayse for grazing their herds to the priory of Sainte-Christine-du-Somport and the Aubertin hospital.
Although the territory of the present village of Aubertin has long remained in the orbit of the lordship of Artiguelouve, from the beginning most people seem to have attended the church of the Commandery. The count by Gaston Febus in 1385 reported a parish of ''Aubertii'' distinct from that of ''Artiguelobe''. It comprised a total of 46 fires including 3 which were explicitly at Aubertin the hospital.
In 1402, the lord of Artiguelouve made common cause with the commandery of Aubertin in a lawsuit between them and the community of Monein
Monein (; oc, Monenh) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
Geography Neighbouring Communes
*North: Lahourcade and Pardies
*West: Lucq-de-Béarn and Cardesse
*South: Estialescq and Lasseube
*East: Auberti ...
but in 1538 the commander of Aubertin, Jean de Borau, reported that ''Arnaud Guilhem d'Artiguelouve'' had usurped the rights of the Commandery. Relations between the two communities were close but fluctuated.
When ''Arnaud Guilhem d'Artiguelouve'' married ''Anne d'Albret'' on 9 February 1534 he was called Lord of Artiguelouve, Aubertin, and Montardon and appeared to be at the height of his glory. The situation gradually deteriorated over the generations. In 1555 his son, Arnaud, sold half the tithes from Artiguelouve and Aubertin to ''Peyrot de Pedelaborde'' of Lagor
Lagor (; oc, Lagòr) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
See also
*Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department
The following is a list of the 546 Communes of France, communes of the Pyrénées ...
. He was soon no longer designated as Lord of Artiguelouve and Aubertin which suggested the final sale of the lordship of Montardon. On the other hand, the inhabitants of Aubertin had some autonomy in the management of their affairs as they were represented by a trustee and 5 aldermen from 1570 during some events of the Protestant Reformation
The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and in ...
. Around 1583 Arnaud d'Artiguelouve afiefed the woods of Aubertin as surety for a loan. Bernard, who succeeded Arnaud, remained lord of Artiguelouve and Aubertin but debts accumulated. His son John was forced to sell the chateau and lands of Aubertin to ''François de Navailles'' on 30 June 1640. Finally, Jean sold the lordship of Artiguelouve itself to Pierre de Fouron on 11 April 1642.
30 June 1640 was a crucial date in the history of Aubertin. It affirmed the identity of the village and marked the emergence of a new centre of power from an Artiguelouve lordship which disintegrated to a commandery which, after the Reformation, passed to the control of the Barnabites
, image = Barnabites.svg
, image_size = 150px
, caption = One version of the Barnabite logo. "P.A." refers to Paul the Apostle and the three hills symbolize the vows of poverty, chastity and obedience.
, a ...
of Lescar
Lescar (; oc, Lescar) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department and Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France.
Lescar is the site of the Roman city known variously as Benearnum, Beneharnum or Civitas Benarnensium, the loca ...
. Five generations of Navailles-Mirepeix would follow in Aubertin. The last, Louis-François, gave a reckoning of his domain of Aubertin for the Parliament of Navarre
The Parliament of Navarre (Spanish ''Parlamento de Navarra'', Basque ''Nafarroako Parlamentua'') or also known as ''Cortes de Navarra'' (in Spanish) or ''Nafarroako Gorteak'' (in Basque) is the Navarre autonomous unicameral parliament.
Functions ...
on 8 July 1776. This document gives a fairly accurate picture of the lordship of Aubertin before the French Revolution
The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considere ...
.
Some years before, in 1773, he initiated a project to build a church near the chateau with the support of the Bishop of Oloron The former Roman Catholic Diocese of Oloron was a Latin rite bishopric in Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, Aquitaine region of south-west France, from the 6th to the 19th century.
History
The diocese of Oleron already existed in the 6th cen ...
. This project was not successful because Louis-François de Navailles emigrated to Spain during the Revolution. The Aubertin people felt duty-bound to continue and financed most of the Church of Saint-Blaise in Lacommande
Lacommande (; oc, La Comanda) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
Géography
Lacommande township is located some 11 km of Pau, 12,3 km of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and 8,8 km of Monein, o ...
, the adjacent cemetery, and the church rectory, although two separate communes were created in 1790. They continued, however, to be only one parish until 1867 when the opening of a church in Aubertin and a new historical turning point: a village centre could finally develop around its bell tower, to which was added a cemetery, manse, town hall, and a school.
Administration
List of Successive Mayors
Inter-communality
The commune is part of five inter-communal structures:
* the Communauté d'agglomération Pau Béarn Pyrénées
The communauté d'agglomération Pau Béarn Pyrénées is a ''communauté d'agglomération'' in the ''département'' of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Nouvelle-Aquitaine (; oc, Nòva Aquitània or ; eu, Akitania Berri ...
;
* the SIVOM of the Canton of Lasseube;
* the joint association for the Gave de Pau;
* the SIVU for the development and management of the rivers in the Baises basin;
* the association for the development of the Drainage basin of the Juscle and its tributaries;
Demography
In 2017 the commune had 656 inhabitants.
Economy
*The commune is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée
An appellation is a legally defined and protected geographical indication primarily used to identify where the grapes for a wine were grown, although other types of food often have appellations as well. Restrictions other than geographical boun ...
zone of Jurançon AOC
Jurançon is a wine region in South West France in the foothills of the Pyrenees, around the ''commune'' of Jurançon. It produces a dry white wine and a more sought after sweet white wine. The grape varieties used are Gros Manseng, Petit Mans ...
and Béarn AOC
Béarn is an ''Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée'' (AOC) for wine in South West France. It is located in the area of intersection of three French departments: Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Hautes-Pyrénées and Gers; and two regions: Aquitaine and Midi- ...
. Economic activity is mainly agricultural. Aubertin is also part of the AOC zone of Ossau-iraty
Ossau-Iraty is an Occitan-Basque cheese made from sheep milk.
Origin
Ossau-Iraty or Esquirrou is produced in south-western France, in the Northern Basque Country and in Béarn. Its name reflects its geographical location, the Ossau Valley in Bé ...
.
*In 1966, the ''Société Nationale des Pétroles d’Aquitaine'' (SNPA - now part of Elf Aquitaine
Elf Aquitaine is a French brand of oils and other motor products (such as brake fluids) for automobiles and trucks. Elf is a former petroleum company which merged with TotalFina to form "TotalFinaElf". The new company changed its name to Total in ...
) discovered gas in Aubertin. Two gas wells are still active.
Culture and heritage
Civil heritage
*A very old Bridge over the Bayse at Goua-de-Labat
*The Château de Navailles
Religious heritage
The Church of Saint-Augustin'' (1859) is registered as a historical monument.[Ministry of Culture, Mérimée ] A porch was added to the tower in the 20th century.
*A Chapel was built just before the French Revolution in another place near the Château de Navailles, but it was destroyed before it was used.
Facilities
*There is a primary school built in 1880 with a canteen and a fronton in the courtyard.
*There is a public sports facility with a bowling pitch, tennis courts, and a handball court.
Notable people linked to the commune
*Jean Reyau, Mayor of Aubertin from 1831 to 1842, was a bodyguard for Louis XVIII
Louis XVIII (Louis Stanislas Xavier; 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824), known as the Desired (), was King of France from 1814 to 1824, except for a brief interruption during the Hundred Days in 1815. He spent twenty-three years in ...
.
*Albert Peyroutet, born in Aubertin in 1931 and died in 2009, was an Occitan Occitan may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to the Occitania territory in parts of France, Italy, Monaco and Spain.
* Something of, from, or related to the Occitania administrative region of France.
* Occitan language
Occitan (; o ...
writer and an associate professor of English and Occitan.
*René Camy, teacher, mayor, and General Councillor of the Canton of Lasseube (1965-1976), Chevalier of the Legion of Honour
The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleon, ...
with academic palms.
See also
*Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department
The following is a list of the 546 Communes of France, communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques Departments of France, department of France.
The communes cooperate in the following Communes of France#Intercommunality, intercommunalities (as of 202 ...
External links
Aubertin on Géoportail
National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
''Aubertin'' on the 1750 Cassini Map
References
{{authority control
Communes of Pyrénées-Atlantiques