, image =
, caption =
, reign = 30 April 1550 – 15 June 1568
, coronation = 11 January 1551
12 January 1554
, succession =
Chief queen consort of Burma
, predecessor =
Dhamma Dewi and
Khay Ma Naw
, successor =
Sanda Dewi
Sanda Dewi ( my, စန္ဒာဒေဝီ ; pi, Candādevī) was one of the three principal queens of King Bayinnaung of Burma from 1553 to 1581. She was also a queen of the last two kings of Prome Kingdom from 1532 to 1542. She was the matern ...
, suc-type = Successor
, reg-type =
, regent =
, spouse =
Bayinnaung
, image = File:Bayinnaung.JPG
, caption = Statue of Bayinnaung in front of the National Museum of Myanmar
, reign = 30 April 1550 – 10 October 1581
, coronation = 11 January 1551 at Toung ...
, issue =
Inwa Mibaya Nanda
Nanda may refer to:
Indian history and religion
* Nanda Empire, ruled by the Nanda dynasty, an Indian royal dynasty ruling Magadha in the 4th century BCE
** Mahapadma Nanda, first Emperor of the Nanda Empire
** Dhana Nanda (died c. 321 BCE), last ...
, issue-link =
, full name = Agga-Mahethi Atula Thiri Maha Yaza Dewi
, house =
Toungoo
Taungoo (, ''Tauñngu myoú''; ; also spelled Toungoo) is a district-level city in the Bago Region of Myanmar, 220 km from Yangon, towards the north-eastern end of the division, with mountain ranges to the east and west. The main industry ...
, father =
Mingyi Nyo
, image = File:Mingyi Nyo.jpg
, caption = Statue of Mingyi Nyo in Taungoo
, reign = 16 October 1510 – 24 November 1530
, coronation = 11 April 1511
, succession = King of Toung ...
, mother =
Yadana Dewi
, birth_date = 1518
, birth_place =
Toungoo
Taungoo (, ''Tauñngu myoú''; ; also spelled Toungoo) is a district-level city in the Bago Region of Myanmar, 220 km from Yangon, towards the north-eastern end of the division, with mountain ranges to the east and west. The main industry ...
(Taungoo)
, death_date = 15 June 1568
Tuesday, 7th waning of 1st
Waso
Waso ( my, ဝါဆို; formerly Nweta () or Myayta (Old Burmese: မ္လယ်တာ (မြေတာ)) is the fourth month of the traditional Burmese calendar.
Festivals and observances
* Dhammacakka Day () - full moon of Waso
*Beginning ...
930
ME[Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 395]
, death_place =
Pegu
Bago (formerly spelt Pegu; , ), formerly known as Hanthawaddy, is a city and the capital of the Bago Region in Myanmar. It is located north-east of Yangon.
Etymology
The Burmese name Bago (ပဲခူး) is likely derived from the Mon lang ...
(Bago)
, date of burial =
, place of burial = Pegu
, religion =
Theravada Buddhism
''Theravāda'' () ( si, ථේරවාදය, my, ထေရဝါဒ, th, เถรวาท, km, ថេរវាទ, lo, ເຖຣະວາດ, pi, , ) is the most commonly accepted name of Buddhism's oldest existing school. The school' ...
, signature =
Atula Thiri Maha Yaza Dewi ( my, အတုလသီရိ မဟာရာဇ ဒေဝီ ; pi, Atulasīrimahārājadevī; c. 1518–1568) was the chief
queen consort of King
Bayinnaung
, image = File:Bayinnaung.JPG
, caption = Statue of Bayinnaung in front of the National Museum of Myanmar
, reign = 30 April 1550 – 10 October 1581
, coronation = 11 January 1551 at Toung ...
of
Burma
Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John Wells explai ...
(Myanmar) from 1550 to 1568. The queen was of Toungoo royalty, daughter of King
Mingyi Nyo
, image = File:Mingyi Nyo.jpg
, caption = Statue of Mingyi Nyo in Taungoo
, reign = 16 October 1510 – 24 November 1530
, coronation = 11 April 1511
, succession = King of Toung ...
and younger half-sister of King
Tabinshwehti
Tabinshwehti ( my, တပင်ရွှေထီး, ; 16 April 1516 – 30 April 1550) was king of Burma (Myanmar) from 1530 to 1550, and the founder of the First Toungoo Empire. His military campaigns (1534–1549) created the largest kin ...
. She was the mother of King
Nanda
Nanda may refer to:
Indian history and religion
* Nanda Empire, ruled by the Nanda dynasty, an Indian royal dynasty ruling Magadha in the 4th century BCE
** Mahapadma Nanda, first Emperor of the Nanda Empire
** Dhana Nanda (died c. 321 BCE), last ...
. Her 1534 marriage to Bayinnaung, a commoner, solidified an unfailing alliance between Tabinshwehti and Bayinnaung who together would go on to found the
Toungoo Empire
The First Toungoo Empire ( my, တောင်ငူ ခေတ်, ; also known as the First Toungoo Dynasty, the Second Burmese Empire or simply the Toungoo Empire) was the dominant power in mainland Southeast Asia in the second half of the ...
(or the Second Burmese Empire).
Early life
The future queen of Burma was born Princess Thakin Gyi ( my-Mymr, သခင်ကြီး) in
Toungoo
Taungoo (, ''Tauñngu myoú''; ; also spelled Toungoo) is a district-level city in the Bago Region of Myanmar, 220 km from Yangon, towards the north-eastern end of the division, with mountain ranges to the east and west. The main industry ...
(Taungoo) to King Mingyi Nyo and
Khin Nwe ( my-Mymr, ခင်နွယ်), Princess of
Mobye (Mong Pai).
[Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 180] Commonly known as Khin Gyi ( my-Mymr, ခင်ကြီး), the princess was likely half-
Shan, a product of the system of marriage alliances among the small kingdoms that dominated Burma at the time. Her maternal grandfather was the ''
sawbwa
Chao-Pha (; Tai Ahom: 𑜋𑜧𑜨 𑜇𑜡, th, เจ้าฟ้า}, shn, ၸဝ်ႈၾႃႉ, translit=Jao3 Fa5 Jao3 Fa5, my, စော်ဘွား ''Sawbwa,'' ) was a royal title used by the hereditary rulers of the Tai peoples of ...
'' (chief) of the
Shan state
Shan State ( my, ရှမ်းပြည်နယ်, ; shn, မိူင်းတႆး, italics=no) also known by the Endonym and exonym, endonyms Shanland, Muang Tai, and Tailong, is a administrative divisions of Myanmar, state of Myanmar. ...
of Mobye (present-day northern
Kayah State
Kayah State ( my, ကယားပြည်နယ်, formerly Karenni State) is a state of Myanmar. Situated in eastern Myanmar, it is bounded on the north by Shan State, on the east by Thailand's Mae Hong Son Province, and on the south and wes ...
), which was a tributary of the Shan state of Thibaw (Hsipaw). Indeed, Thibaw in turn was a tributary and the only reliable ally of
Ava, whose authority Mingyi Nyo had spurned in 1510. (The princess was likely related to
Hkonmaing
Hkonmaing ( my, ခုံမှိုင်း , shn, ၶုၼ်မိူင်း; also Hkonmaing Nge, Sao Hkun Mong;Aung Tun 2009: 104 1497–1545) was king of Ava from 1542 to 1545. The ''saopha'' of the Shan state of Onbaung–Hsipaw wa ...
of Thibaw and his son
Narapati III of Mobye who became kings of Ava between 1542 and 1551.)
When she reached teenage, the princess became romantically involved with a commoner, one
Ye Htut (later Bayinnaung), who was a close confidant and adviser of her brother the king. Circa April 1534,
[The '']Hmannan Yazawin
''Hmannan Maha Yazawindawgyi'' ( my, မှန်နန်း မဟာ ရာဇဝင်တော်ကြီး, ; commonly, ''Hmannan Yazawin''; known in English as the '' Glass Palace Chronicle'') is the first official chronicle of Konbaung ...
'' chronicle (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 61) only gives 896 ME (29 March 1534 to 29 March 1535) for the date of the marriage between Bayinnaung and Thakin Gyi (Atula Thiri). But they must have got married in early 896 ME around April 1534 since the couple had their second child, Nanda Bayin
, image =
, caption =
, reign = 10 October 1581 –
, coronation = 15 October 1581
, succession =
, predecessor = Bayinnaung
, successor = Nyaungyan
, suc-type = Successor
, reg-ty ...
, in November 1535. their affair was discovered, which under Burmese law constituted an act of treason. Some suggested to Ye Htut that he should mutiny. He refused and submitted to arrest, saying that although it was no crime to for a young man to love a young woman, it was an unpardonable crime for a soldier to break his oath of allegiance. Tabinshwehti deliberated at length with his ministers, and finally came to the conclusion that Ye Htut should be given his sister in marriage, and a princely title of Kyawhtin Nawrahta. With this decision, Tabinshwehti won the loyalty of his brother-in-law "without parallel in Burmese history". Ye Htut later received the title Bayinnaung (lit. "King's Elder Brother").
[Htin Aung 1967: 106]
Chief queen
Atula Thiri bore Bayinnaung a daughter and a son, early in their marriage 1534–1535. She saw her husband only a few times a year as Bayinnaung and Tabinshwehti were always away on their military campaigns:
Lower Burma (1534–1541), Prome and Pagan (1542–1545),
Arakan (1545–1547), and
Siam (1547–1549). Indeed, her only son
Nanda
Nanda may refer to:
Indian history and religion
* Nanda Empire, ruled by the Nanda dynasty, an Indian royal dynasty ruling Magadha in the 4th century BCE
** Mahapadma Nanda, first Emperor of the Nanda Empire
** Dhana Nanda (died c. 321 BCE), last ...
, then only 12, went on the 1548–1549 Siamese campaign alongside his father and uncle.
[Harvey 1925: 153–159]
Her accession as the chief queen of Burma was not a smooth one. When her brother the king was assassinated by one of his close advisers in April 1550, her husband was on a campaign to hunt down the rebels in the Irrawaddy delta. When she received the news by messenger at Pegu, she urgently forwarded the message to her husband on campaign at
Dala
Dala may refer to:
Places
*Dala Airport, Dalarna province, Sweden
*Dala, Angola
* Dala, Bhutan
* Dala, Kano, Nigeria
**Dalla Hill, a hill in Kano, Nigeria
*Đala, Serbia
* Dalas, Khuzestan Province, Iran
*Dala Township, Yangon, Myanmar
People
* ...
(present-day Yangon). She immediately left Pegu, which had been taken over by rival claimants to the throne, with her two children for Dala.
[Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 258–259]
Atula Thiri became the chief queen on 11 January 1551 when Bayinnaung was proclaimed king at his native city of Toungoo. At Bayinnaung's coronation ceremony on 12 January 1554 (Friday, 10th waxing of Tabodwe 915 ME), she sat alongside the king, taking the title of Agga Mahethi ( pi, Aggamahesī, "Chief Queen-Consort").
[Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 281] Next year, their only daughter, elder sister of Nanda, was married off to
Thado Minsaw of Ava, the youngest half-brother of Bayinnaung, in the tradition of Burmese royalty.
[Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 297–300] Also in 1555, Bayinnaung sent rich presents to the
Temple of the Tooth
The Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic or Sri Dalada Maligawa, ( si, ශ්රී දළදා මාළිගාව) is a Buddhist temple in Kandy, Sri Lanka. It is located in the royal palace complex of the former Kingdom of Kandy, which hou ...
at
Kandy
Kandy ( si, මහනුවර ''Mahanuwara'', ; ta, கண்டி Kandy, ) is a major city in Sri Lanka located in the Central Province. It was the last capital of the ancient kings' era of Sri Lanka. The city lies in the midst of hills ...
in
Ceylon
Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
, and bought land there to keep lights continually burning at the shrine. The craftsmen he sent beautified the temple. He also sent brooms made out of his hair and Atula's to sweep the temple.
[Harvey 1925: 172]
The queen died on 15 June 1568 (Tuesday, 7th waning of 1st Waso 930) at Pegu while her husband and her son were preparing for
their next campaign in Siam. The Burmese chronicles uncharacteristically report that the king was extremely shaken and saddened by the death of his first love.
[
]
Ancestry
See also
*
Notes
References
Bibliography
*
*
*
{{Queens consort of Toungoo
Chief queens consort of Toungoo dynasty
1568 deaths
Year of birth unknown
16th-century Burmese women
16th-century Buddhists