''Atlanta brunnea'' is a

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

, a

holoplankton Holoplankton are organisms that are plankton, planktic (they live in the water column and cannot swim against a current) for their entire life cycle. Holoplankton can be contrasted with meroplankton, which are planktic organisms that spend part of ...

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Atlantidae Atlantidae is a family of sea snails, holoplanktonic gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha. According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) the family Atlantidae has no subfamilies. Description The Atlantidae is a ...

Description

''Atlanta brunnea'' is a small species (

shell Shell may refer to: Architecture and design * Shell (structure), a thin structure ** Concrete shell, a thin shell of concrete, usually with no interior columns or exterior buttresses ** Thin-shell structure Science Biology * Seashell, a hard ou ...

diameter to 2.0 mm) that is darkly pigmented (brown to reddish-and golden-brown). The keel is tall and colorless, and inserts between the last and penultimate shell whorls in animals larger than 1.5 mm. The

spire A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spires are ...

is tall and conical, consisting of 4 whorls and possessing a complex pattern of spiral

sculpture Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. Sculpture is the three-dimensional art work which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width and depth. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sc ...

that ends on the protoconch and is replaced by spiral rows of small punctae on the teleoconch. Coloration ranges from brown to amber and reddish brown. Atlanta brunnea 3

Juveniles of this species are easily recognised by their shape and ornament. The

protoconch A protoconch (meaning first or earliest or original shell) is an embryonic or larval shell which occurs in some classes of molluscs, e.g., the initial chamber of an ammonite or the larval shell of a gastropod. In older texts it is also called ...

is rather high conical and has 3½ - 3¾

whorls A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs). Whorls in nature File:Photograph and axial plane floral d ...

, slowly increasing in diameter. On the first whorl, in front of the nucleus, an ornament is seen of some nine or ten irregular spirals. Two stronger spirals from the second whorl on delimit a subsutural zone and the base of the shell. On these spirals the whorl profile is slightly angular. The whole surface of the protoconch is furthermore covered with numerous finer spirals in an irregular zigzag shape, also on the base and within the umbilicus. The boundary with the teleoconch is made distinct by the sudden disappearance of these spirals. From that point on the whorl diameter increases rapidly, by which the shape of the shell becomes lenticular. Somewhat more than one teleoconch whorl is present in the largest specimens. The periphery of the

body whorl The body whorl is part of the morphology of the shell in those gastropod mollusks that possess a coiled shell. The term is also sometimes used in a similar way to describe the shell of a cephalopod mollusk. In gastropods In gastropods, the b ...

is angular and bears a distinct flange-like keel. The protoconch is visible in an apertural view. Eyes aretype a, operculum is type a, and radula type I. Description overview: * The maximum recorded

length is 1.7 mm.Welch J. J. (2010). "The "Island Rule" and Deep-Sea Gastropods: Re-Examining the Evidence". '' PLoS ONE'' 5(1): e8776. . / Maximal shell diameter is 2.0 mm. * Keel tall and colorless, and inserts between last and penultimate whorls in shells > 1.5 mm diameter * Spire tall and conical, with ornate, complex sculpture * Coloration brown to amber and reddish-brown * Eyes type a; operculum type a; radula type I

Distribution

''Atlanta brunnea'' has an almost worldwide tropical and subtropical distribution pattern.

Fossil distribution

''Atlanta brunnea'' is known from the

Pliocene The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58Anda, Pangasinan Anda, officially the Municipality of Anda ( pag, Baley na Anda; ilo, Ili ti Anda; tgl, Bayan ng Anda), is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 41,548 people. ...

, Luzon, Philippines.

Ecology

It is limited to the upper 100 m of the water column in Hawaiian waters. Comparison of day and night vertical distribution of abundances suggested that a portion of the population from 50 to 100 m migrated into the upper 50 m at night.

References

This article incorporates CC-BY-3.0 text from references.Seapy R. R. (2009). ''Atlanta brunnea'' Gray 1850. Atlanta fusca Souleyet 1852. Version 03 September 2009. http://tolweb.org/Atlanta_brunnea/28759/2009.09.03 in The

Tree of Life Web Project The Tree of Life Web Project is an Internet project providing information about the diversity and phylogeny of life on Earth. This collaborative peer reviewed project began in 1995, and is written by biologists from around the world. The site h ...

. {{Taxonbar, from=Q3176642 Atlantidae Gastropods described in 1850 Taxa named by John Edward Gray