''Astraea'' is a genus of medium to large

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s in the family

Turbinidae Turbinidae, the turban snails, are a family of small to large marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Trochoidea.Bouchet, P. (2014). Turbinidae Rafinesque, 1815. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecie ...

, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). Astraea Röding, 1798. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species a
WoRMS taxon details
on 2012-03-15

Etymology

The Latin genus ''Astraea'' means ''star'', with reference to the star-shape of these snails, also commonly called ''star shells''.The Grazing Snails, Part I - Turbo, Trochus, Astraea, and Kin
/ref>

Description

Shells of species within this genus can reach a size of about . They have the appearance of a smooth conical shell. The outer edges of the coiled

whorls A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs). Whorls in nature File:Photograph and axial plane floral ...

are quite flattened, with prominent axial sculpture. Below widely, it is umbilicate and concave.

Species

Extant

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

within this genus include: *''

Astraea heliotropium ''Astraea heliotropium'', common name the sunburst star turban or the circular saw shell, is a large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc of the family Turbinidae, the turbans and star snails.WoRMS (2010). ''Astraea heliotropium'' (Martyn, 1784 ...

'' (Martyn, 1784)

Fossil records

This genus is known in the fossil records from the

Paleocene The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 mya (unit), million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), E ...

to the

Quaternary The Quaternary ( ) is the current and most recent of the three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). It follows the Neogene Period and spans from 2.58 million years ...

(age range: from 61.7 to 0.0 million years ago). Fossils of species within this genus have been found in the sediments of Europe, Australia, United States, Japan, Venezuela, Colombia and Brazil.

Species

Extinct species within this genus include:Astraea Röding 1798 (snail)
*†''Astraea (Liotiastralium) venezuelana'' Weisbord 1962 *†''Astraea (Pomaulax) gradata'' Grant and Gale 1931 *†''Astraea (Pomaulax) morani'' Loel and Corey 1932 *†''Astraea (Vitiastraea) holmesi'' Ladd 1966 *† '' Astraea bicarinata'' Suter, 1917 *†''Astraea fimbriata'' Borson 1821Astraea fimbriata, Borson 1821
/ref> * ''

'' (Martyn, 1784) *†''Astraea stellare'' Gmelin 1791 *† '' Astraea stirps'' Laws, 1932 *†''Astraea tentoriiformis'' Jonas, 1844 ;Species brought into synonymy *†''Astraea (Australium) rhodestoma'' Lamarck 1822: synonym of '' Astralium rhodostomum'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Astraea americana'' (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of ''

Lithopoma americanum ''Lithopoma americanum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Distribution This marine snail occurs in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and off the Lesser Antilles. Descri ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Astraea andersoni'' (Smith, 1902): synonym of ''

Bolma andersoni ''Bolma andersoni'', common name Anderson's star shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 50 mm and 87 mm. Distribut ...

'' (Smith, 1902) * ''Astraea babelis'' (P. Fischer, 1874): synonym of ''

Uvanilla babelis ''Uvanilla babelis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The shell attains a height of 21 mm, its diameter 19 mm. The imperforate, elevated shell has a conic ...

'' (P. Fischer, 1874) * ''Astraea brevispina'' (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of ''

Lithopoma brevispina ''Lithopoma brevispina'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Lithopoma brevispina'' (Lamarck, 1822). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at htt ...

'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Astraea buschii'' (Philippi, 1844): synonym of ''

Uvanilla buschii ''Uvanilla buschii'', common name Busch's star shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Uvanilla buschii'' (Philippi, 1844). Accessed through: World Registe ...

'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Astraea calcar'' (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of ''

Astralium calcar ''Astralium calcar'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The height of the shell is 28 mm, its diameter 40 mm. The conoid shell is more or less depressed a ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) *''Astraea cookii'' (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of ''

Cookia sulcata ''Cookia sulcata'', or Cook's turban, is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). Cookia sulcata (Lightfoot, 1786). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Spe ...

'' (Lightfoot, 1786) * ''Astraea cubanum'' Philippi, 1849: synonym of ''

Lithopoma tectum ''Lithopoma tectum'', common name the West Indian starsnail, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Distribution This species occurs in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the ...

'' (Lightfoot, 1786) *''Astraea danieli'' Alf & Kreipl, 2006: synonym of ''

Astralium danieli ''Astralium danieli'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae Turbinidae, the turban snails, are a family of small to large marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Trochoidea.Bouchet, P. (2014). ...

'' (Alf & Kreipl, 2006) * ''Astraea dominicana'' A. H. Verrill, 1950: synonym of ''

Lithopoma tuber ''Lithopoma tuber'', common name the green star shell, is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 25 mm and 75 mm. The ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Astraea gilchristi'' (G. B. Sowerby III, 1903): synonym of ''

Bolma bathyraphis ''Bolma bathyraphis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Bolma bathyraphis'' (E. A. Smith, 1899). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://w ...

'' (E. A. Smith, 1899) * ''Astraea heimburgi'' (Dunker, 1882): synonym of ''

Astralium heimburgi ''Astralium heimburgi'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Astralium heimburgi''. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespec ...

'' (Dunker, 1882) * ''Astraea hokianga'' Laws, 1948: synonym of ''

Bembicium hokianga ''Bembicium hokianga'' is an extinct species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms i ...

'' (Laws, 1948) * ''Astraea imbricata'' (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of ''

'' (Lightfoot, 1786) * ''Astraea imbricatum'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

'' (Lightfoot, 1786) * ''Astraea jacquelineae'' Marche-Marchad, 1957: synonym of ''

Bolma jacquelineae ''Bolma jacquelineae'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The size of the adult shell varies between 22 mm and 30 mm. Distribution This species is found i ...

'' (Marche-Marchad, 1957) * ''Astraea johnstoni'' (Odhner, 1923): synonym of ''

Bolma johnstoni ''Bolma johnstoni'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The shell grows to a length of 37 mm Distribution This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off Sierra L ...

'' (Odhner, 1923) * ''Astraea lapidifera'' Röding, 1798: synonym of ''Xenophora (Xenophora) conchyliophora'' (Born, 1780) * ''Astraea latispina'' (Philippi, 1844): synonym of ''

Astralium latispina ''Astralium latispina'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Astralium latispina'' (Philippi, 1844). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ht ...

'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Astraea longispina'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of ''

Lithopoma phoebium ''Lithopoma phoebium'', common name the longspine star shell, is a species of medium-sized sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2011). Lithopoma phoebium (Röding, 1798). Accessed thr ...

longispina'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Astraea milloni'' B. Salvat, F. Salvat & Richard, 1973: synonym of '' Astralium milloni'' (B. Salvat, F. Salvat & Richard, 1973) * ''Astraea olfersii'' (Philippi, 1846): synonym of ''

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Astraea olivacea'' (W. Wood, 1828): synonym of ''

Uvanilla olivacea ''Uvanilla olivacea'', common name the blood-spotted star shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Distribution This species is found from La Paz in the Gulf of California sout ...

'' (W. Wood, 1828) * ''Astraea papillatum'' Potiez & Michaud, 1838: synonym of ''

'' (Lightfoot, 1786) * ''Astraea persica'' Dall, 1907: synonym of '' Bolma persica'' (Dall, 1907) * ''Astraea petrothauma'' Berry, 1940: synonym of '' Megastraea turbanica'' (Dall, 1910) * ''Astraea phoebia'' Röding, 1798: synonym of ''

'' (Röding, 1798) * ''Astraea polaris'' Röding, 1798: synonym of '' Stellaria solaris'' (Linnaeus, 1764) * ''Astraea rhodostoma'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Astralium rhodostomum'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Astraea rugosa'' (Linnaeus, 1767): synonym of '' Bolma rugosa'' (Linnaeus, 1767) * ''Astraea rupicollina'' Stohler, 1959: synonym of '' Megastraea turbanica'' (Dall, 1910) * ''Astraea semicostata'' (Kiener, 1850): synonym of '' Astralium semicostatum'' (Kiener, 1850) * ''Astraea sirius'' Hedley, C., 1923: synonym of '' Astralium tentoriiforme'' (Jonas, 1845) * ''Astraea spirata'' (Dall, 1911): synonym of '' Pomaulax spiratus'' (Dall, 1911) * ''Astraea sulcata'' (Martyn, 1784): synonym of ''

'' (Lightfoot, 1786) * ''Astraea tayloriana'' (E. A. Smith, 1880): synonym of '' Bolma tayloriana'' (E. A. Smith, 1880) * ''Astraea tectum'' Lightfoot, 1786: synonym of ''

'' (Lightfoot, 1786) * ''Astraea tuber'' (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Astraea tuberosum'': synonym of '' Astralium rhodostomum'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Astraea undosa'' (Wood, 1828): synonym for '' Lithopoma undosum'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Astraea unguis'' (Wood, 1828): synonym of ''

Uvanilla unguis ''Uvanilla unguis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Uvanilla unguis'' (W. Wood, 1828). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.ma ...

'' (W. Wood, 1828) * ''Astraea venezuelensis'' Flores & Caceres, 1984: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758)

References

* Gofas, S.; Afonso, J.P.; Brandào, M. (Ed.). (S.a.). ''Conchas e Moluscos de Angola = Coquillages et Mollusques d'Angola. hells and molluscs of Angola'' Universidade Agostinho / Elf Aquitaine Angola: Angola. 140 pp. * Williams, S.T. (2007). ''Origins and diversification of Indo-West Pacific marine fauna: evolutionary history and biogeography of turban shells (Gastropoda, Turbinidae).'' Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 92, 573–592

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q4811178 Turbinidae Gastropod genera Extant Selandian first appearances