Astra Digital Radio (ADR) was a system used by

SES SES, S.E.S., Ses and similar variants can refere to: Business and economics * Socioeconomic status * Scottish Economic Society, a learned society in Scotland * SES, callsign of the TV station SES/RTS (Mount Gambier, South Australia) * SES S.A., ...

for

digital radio Digital radio is the use of digital technology to transmit or receive across the radio spectrum. Digital transmission by radio waves includes digital broadcasting, and especially digital audio radio services. Types In digital broadcasting syst ...

transmissions on the early Astra satellites, using the audio subcarrier frequencies of analogue television channels. It was introduced in 1995. As of February 2008, there were still 51 stations transmitting in this format. ADR ceased on 30 April 2012 when analogue broadcasts on

Astra 19.2°E Astra 19.2°E is the name for the group of Astra communications satellites co-located at the 19.2°East orbital position in the Clarke Belt that are owned and operated by SES based in Betzdorf, Luxembourg. Astra 19.2°E used to be commonly k ...

ended.

Details

The format used one mono audio subcarrier, which was normally allocated to an additional audio track or radio station, or one channel of a stereo audio track/station. The carrier was digitally modulated and carried a 192 kbit/s, 48 kHz sampled

MPEG-1 Layer II MPEG-1 Audio Layer II or MPEG-2 Audio Layer II (MP2, sometimes incorrectly called Musicam or MUSICAM) is a lossy audio compression format defined by ISO/IEC 11172-3 alongside MPEG-1 Audio Layer I and MPEG-1 Audio Layer III (MP3). While MP3 is m ...

(MP2) encoded signal. 9.6 kbit/s was available for data. Special receivers were required to listen to ADR stations, although some combined analogue/digital satellite boxes and later standard analogue boxes were equipped to decode it. ADR was succeeded by

DVB-S Digital Video Broadcasting – Satellite (DVB-S) is the original DVB standard for Satellite Television and dates from 1995, in its first release, while development lasted from 1993 to 1997. The first commercial applications was by Star TV in Asia ...

, with which it is incompatible, despite both being transmitted using MP2 and generally at the same bitrates. As a result, when the final analogue switch-off on the Astra 1 satellites occurred, ADR became obsolete. The majority of the channels to have been broadcast using ADR were in the

German language German ( ) is a West Germanic languages, West Germanic language mainly spoken in Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and Official language, official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Ita ...

. Because of this, the system can in a way be seen to have replaced the German ''Digitales Satellitenradio'' system, dating from the 1980s, which used an entire satellite transponder to carry 16

NICAM Near Instantaneous Companded Audio Multiplex (NICAM) is an early form of lossy compression for digital audio. It was originally developed in the early 1970s for point-to-point links within broadcasting networks.Croll, M.G., Osborne, D.W. and Spi ...

Patent DE4234015A1 explicitly mentions DSR as an example for NICAM audio encoded radio stations, and which closed in 1999.

Channel Listing

* DLF * DKultur *

Deutsche Welle Deutsche Welle (; "German Wave" in English), abbreviated to DW, is a German public, state-owned international broadcaster funded by the German federal tax budget. The service is available in 32 languages. DW's satellite television service con ...

Bayerischer Rundfunk Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR; "Bavarian Broadcasting") is a public-service radio and television broadcaster, based in Munich, capital city of the Free State of Bavaria in Germany. BR is a member organization of the ARD consortium of public broadcas ...

Bayern 1 Bayern 1 is a German, public radio station owned and operated by the Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR). History Bayern 1 historically emerged from the first, until 1950 only, radio programme of the Bayerischer Rundfunk and is a so-called full programme ...

Bayern 2 Bayern 2 is a German, public radio station owned and operated by the Bayerischer Rundfunk Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR; "Bavarian Broadcasting") is a public-service radio and television broadcaster, based in Munich, capital city of the Free State ...

Bayern 3 Bayern 3 is a public radio station owned and operated by the Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR), the public broadcaster in the German state of Bavaria. It started operating on 1 April 1971 as BR’s third radio channel. It is focused on pop music. In Feb ...

** BR Klassik **

B5 plus BR24live (until 30 June 2021: ''B5 plus'') is a German public radio station owned and operated by the Bayerischer Rundfunk Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR; "Bavarian Broadcasting") is a public-service radio and television broadcaster, based in Munic ...

Hessischer Rundfunk Hessischer Rundfunk (HR; "Hesse Broadcasting") is the German state of Hesse's public broadcasting, public broadcasting corporation. Headquartered in Frankfurt, it is a member of the national consortium of German public broadcasting corporations, ...

** You FM ** hr1 ** hr2 **

hr3 hr3 is a German, public radio station Radio broadcasting is transmission of audio (sound), sometimes with related metadata, by radio waves to radio receivers belonging to a public audience. In terrestrial radio broadcasting the radi ...

** hr4 **

hr-info hr-iNFO is a German, public radio station owned and operated by the Hessischer Rundfunk Hessischer Rundfunk (HR; "Hesse Broadcasting") is the German state of Hesse's public broadcasting, public broadcasting corporation. Headquartered in Frank ...

hr1 plus hr1 plus was a German, public radio station owned and operated by the Hessischer Rundfunk Hessischer Rundfunk (HR; "Hesse Broadcasting") is the German state of Hesse's public broadcasting corporation. Headquartered in Frankfurt, it is a mem ...

** Hr-klassik *

Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (MDR; ''Central German Broadcasting'') is the public broadcaster for the federal states of Thuringia, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt in Germany. Established in January 1991, its headquarters are in Leipzig, with regional studio ...

** MDR Figaro **

MDR Info MDR Aktuell is a German public radio station owned and operated by Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (MDR; ''Central German Broadcasting'') is the public broadcaster for the federal states of Thuringia, Saxony and Saxony-Anhal ...

MDR Jump MDR Jump is a German public radio station owned and operated by the Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (MDR). History MDR Jump started broadcasting on 1 January 2000, initially with a programme mainly directed at the 14–29-year-old age bracket, similar ...

** MDR Sputnik *

Norddeutscher Rundfunk Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR; ''Northern German Broadcasting'') is a public broadcasting, public radio and television broadcaster, based in Hamburg. In addition to the city-state of Hamburg, NDR broadcasts for the German states of Lower Saxony, M ...

**N-Joy ** NDR 2 **

NDR Info Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR; ''Northern German Broadcasting'') is a public radio and television broadcaster, based in Hamburg. In addition to the city-state of Hamburg, NDR broadcasts for the German states of Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg-Vorpommer ...

NDR Info Spezial Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR; ''Northern German Broadcasting'') is a public broadcasting, public radio and television broadcaster, based in Hamburg. In addition to the city-state of Hamburg, NDR broadcasts for the German states of Lower Saxony, M ...

** NDR Kultur *

Südwestrundfunk Südwestrundfunk (SWR; ''Southwest Broadcasting'') is a regional public broadcasting corporation serving the southwest of Germany , specifically the federal states of Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate. The corporation has main offices ...

**DASDING **SWR1 BW **SWR1 RP **SWR2 BW **SWR2 RP **SWR3 **SWR Cont.Ra **SWR4 BW **SWR4 RP *

Westdeutscher Rundfunk Westdeutscher Rundfunk Köln (''West German Broadcasting Cologne''; WDR, ) is a German public-broadcasting institution based in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia with its main office in Cologne. WDR is a constituent member of the conso ...

COSMO (German radio station) COSMO is a German, public radio station owned and operated by the Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR), Radio Bremen (RB) and Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg (; "Berlin-Brandenburg Broadcasting"; abbreviated: RBB , stylized ...

WDR 2 WDR 2 is a radio station owned and operated by the Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR) public broadcasting organization in Germany. It focuses on contemporary pop and rock music for an adult audience and on information. It is also WDR's broadcast sport ev ...

WDR 3 WDR 3 is a German public radio station owned and operated by the Westdeutscher Rundfunk Westdeutscher Rundfunk Köln (''West German Broadcasting Cologne''; WDR, ) is a German public-broadcasting institution based in the Federal State of North ...

WDR 4 WDR 4 is a German public radio station owned and operated by the Westdeutscher Rundfunk Westdeutscher Rundfunk Köln (''West German Broadcasting Cologne''; WDR, ) is a German public-broadcasting institution based in the Federal State of North ...

WDR 5 WDR 5 is a German public radio station owned and operated by the Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR). History WDR 5 went on air on October 7, 1991 on the former frequencies of WDR 1 WDR 1 was a German public radio station owned and operated by the ...

1LIVE 1LIVE is a radio station operated by the Westdeutscher Rundfunk public broadcasting corporation in Germany. It specialises in popular music aimed at the 14–39 age demographic, the average age of its listeners is 34. History On 1 April 1995 ...

KIRAKA KiRaKa – the name is an acronym formed from KInderRAdioKAnal – was a digital radio channel produced by Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR) in Cologne, Germany. It is a specialist channel serving children aged 5 to 16. From 1 January 2016 until 30 ...

** VeRa * Radio BOB *

Radio Bremen Radio Bremen (RB), Germany's smallest public radio and television broadcaster, is the legally mandated broadcaster for the city-state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (which includes Bremerhaven). With its headquarters sited in Bremen, Radio Brem ...

Bremen Eins Bremen Eins is a German, public radio station Radio broadcasting is transmission of audio (sound), sometimes with related metadata, by radio waves to radio receivers belonging to a public audience. In terrestrial radio broadcasting th ...

Bremen Zwei Bremen Zwei is a German, public radio station owned and operated by the Radio Bremen (RB). References

Radio Bremen Radio stations in Germany Radio stations established in 2017 2017 establishments in Germany Mass media in Bremen (city) ...

Bremen Vier Bremen (Low German also: ''Breem'' or ''Bräm''), officially the City Municipality of Bremen (german: Stadtgemeinde Bremen, ), is the capital of the German state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (''Freie Hansestadt Bremen''), a two-city-state consi ...

Saarländischer Rundfunk Saarländischer Rundfunk (SR; ''Saarland Broadcasting'') is a public radio and television broadcaster serving the German state of Saarland. With headquarters in the Halberg Broadcasting House in Saarbrücken, SR is a member of the ARD consort ...

** SR 1 Europawelle *

Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg (; "Berlin-Brandenburg Broadcasting"; abbreviated: RBB , stylized as rbb) is an institution under public law (national broadcaster) for the German states of Berlin and Brandenburg, based in Berlin and Potsdam. RBB ...

** Antenne Brandenburg ** radioBERLIN 88,8 ** Inforadio ** Kulturradio ** Fritz ** radioeins *

Swiss Broadcasting Corporation The Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (german: Schweizerische Radio- und Fernsehgesellschaft; french: Société suisse de radiodiffusion et télévision; it, Società svizzera di radiotelevisione; rm, Societad Svizra da Radio e Televisiun; SRG ...

Radio SRF 1 Radio SRF 1 is a Swiss radio channel, one of six operated by Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF), with its headquarters in Zürich. It was launched in 1931 as Radio Beromünster (named after the Beromünster municipality on which its original ...

Radio SRF 2 Kultur Radio SRF 2 Kultur is one of six radio channels operated by Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF), the German-language division of the Swiss public-broadcasting organisation SRG SSR. First started in 1956 (at the same time as the introduction of FM ...

Radio SRF Musikwelle Radio SRF Musikwelle is the sixth radio station from Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF) and is broadcast in German-speaking Switzerland The German-speaking part of Switzerland (german: Deutschschweiz, french: Suisse alémanique, it, Svizz ...

Radio SRF Virus Radio SRF Virus is a radio station from Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF). The station was launched in 1999 (as DRS Virus) and is broadcast on cable and DAB+ in German-speaking Switzerland as well as throughout Europe on satellite and worldwi ...

La Première (Switzerland) La Première (stylised La 1ère; en, The First) is the first French-language radio station in Switzerland, owned by RTS Radio Télévision Suisse. It began broadcasting in 1922 as the first overall radio station in Switzerland and only the third ...

Option Musique Option Musique is the fourth radio station operated by RTS Radio Télévision Suisse. Now known as RTS Option Musique, the station was launched in 1994 and offers music programming along with popular French variety and contributes actively to t ...

Couleur 3 Couleur 3 is the third radio station operated by RTS Radio Télévision Suisse. The station was launched in 1982. It can be received in French-speaking Switzerland and in the canton of Bern on FM. The literal translation of the name is ‘Colo ...

RSI Rete Uno RSI Rete Uno ( en, Network One) is the principal radio channel of the Swiss public-service broadcasting organization Radio Svizzera Italiana, which launched in 1933 as Radio Monte Ceneri. Broadcasting in Italian, it is receivable throughout ...

Radiotelevisiun Svizra Rumantscha Radiotelevisiun Svizra Rumantscha (RTR, en, Radio-Television Romansh Switzerland or Swiss Romansh Radio-Television), formerly known as Radio e Televisiun Rumantscha ( en, Romansh Radio and Television), is a Swiss broadcasting company (part of ...

References

External links

SES
- Official SES site
SES fleet information

Astra Digital Radio on the early Astra satellites
{{Satcomm SES S.A. Digital radio Satellite radio Telecommunications-related introductions in 1995 Audiovisual introductions in 1995 1995 establishments in Germany 1995 establishments in Luxembourg Products and services discontinued in 2012 2012 disestablishments in Germany 2012 disestablishments in Luxembourg