The Association of Political Organisations of the Indonesian People ( id, Pemufakatan Perhimpunan-perhimpunan Politik Kebangsaan Indonesia (PPPKI)) was a federation of pre-war Indonesian political parties that was established to unite a range of organisations in the struggle for Indonesian independence.

Formation

The Association of Political Organisations of the Indonesian People was a federation of the major Indonesian nationalist organisations. It was established in December 1927 in Bandung, driven mainly by the

Indonesian National Party The Indonesian National Party ( id, Partai Nasional Indonesia, PNI) was the name used by several nationalist political parties in Indonesia from 1927 until the 2000s. The first PNI was established by future President Sukarno. After independence, th ...

(PNI), led by prominent nationalist

Sukarno Sukarno). (; born Koesno Sosrodihardjo, ; 6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967. Sukarno was the leader of ...

. It brought together the "non-cooperative" parties such as the PNI and

Indonesian Islamic Union Party Indonesian Islamic Union Party ( id, Partai Sarekat Islam Indonesia) was an Islamic political party in Indonesia before and after independence. In 1973 it was merged into the United Development Party. The pre-independence party Establishment an ...

(PSII), which had refused to work with the Dutch colonial authorities, with the "cooperative" organisations that had taken seats in the

Volksraad The Volksraad was a people's assembly or legislature in Dutch or Afrikaans speaking government. Assembly South Africa *Volksraad (South African Republic) (1840–1902) *Volksraad (Natalia Republic), a similar assembly that existed in the Natalia Re ...

quasi-legislature such as

Paguyuban Pasundan Paguyuban Pasundan ( in Sundanese) is a Sundanese cultural organization that was founded on 20 July 1913, and is one of the oldest organizations in Indonesia that still operates. During its existence, the organization has been moving in the field o ...

and

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Activities

The PPPKI was beset by internal struggles. Under its rules, designed to ensure that the views of minorities were respected, all decisions had to have the unanimous support of all member organisations. As the members were unable to work together, it achieved very little, although it opposed colonial labor laws. In 1929, it admitted the

Perhimpoenan Indonesia The Perhimpoenan Indonesia (PI) (Eng: Indonesian Association; Dutch: Indonesische Vereniging) was an association for Indonesian students in the Netherlands in the first half of the twentieth century. It was established under the Dutch name ''Indis ...

, an association of Indonesian students in the Netherlands, and the following year changed its name to the Union of Political Organisations for the Indonesian Independence (keeping the same initials). However, in that same year, the largest member, the PSSI left.

Dissolution

In 1933, the Dutch authorities refused permission for the PPPKI to hold its annual conference, and although it was not officially dissolved, the organisation had ceased to exist by the end of 1934.

Membership

The PPKI membership included: *

(PSII)\ *

(PNI) *

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* Sumatra Bond * Surabaya Study Club

Notes

References

* * * * {{Former Indonesian political parties Dutch East Indies Political organizations based in Indonesia