''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

s in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to

Australasia Australasia is a region that comprises Australia, New Zealand and some neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. The term is used in a number of different contexts, including geopolitically, physiogeographically, philologically, and ecologica ...

Species

* ''

Asperula abbreviata ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

'' (Halacsy) Rech.f. * ''

Asperula abchasica ''Asperula abchasica'' is a deciduous species of perennial groundcover, and a flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of te ...

'' V.I.Krecz. * '' Asperula accrescens'' Klokov * '' Asperula acuminata'' I.Thomps. * '' Asperula affinis''

Boiss. Pierre Edmond Boissier (25 May 1810 Geneva – 25 September 1885 Valeyres-sous-Rances) was a Swiss prominent botanist, explorer and mathematician. He was the son of Jacques Boissier (1784-1857) and Caroline Butini (1786-1836), daughter of Pierre ...

& A.Huet * ''

Asperula albiflora ''Asperula albiflora'' is a deciduous species of perennial groundcover, and a flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae, known as Woodruff, and is endemic to Turkmenistan Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) i ...

'' Popov * '' Asperula ambleia'' Airy Shaw - Stiff woodruff * ''

Asperula apuana ''Asperula apuana'' is a deciduous species of perennial groundcover, and a flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae, known as Woodruff, and is endemic to Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Ital ...

'' (Fiori) Arrigoni * ''

Asperula arcadiensis ''Asperula arcadiensis'', the Arcadian woodruff, is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family Rubiaceae, native to the Peloponnese Mountains of Greece. Description A compact, mat-forming evergreen perennial, it forms a mound up to tal ...

'' Sims * ''

Asperula aristata ''Asperula aristata'' is a deciduous species of perennial groundcover, and a flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae, known as woodruff. It is native to Morocco, Libya, Algeria, Tunisia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia, Greece, Bulgaria, Albania, Se ...

'' L.f. * ''

Asperula arvensis ''Asperula arvensis'', known as blue woodruff, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It belongs to the genus ''Asperula''. It is native to most of Europe plus Algeria, Morocco, and southwest Asia from Turkey to Kyrgyzstan ...

'' L. - Blue woodruff * ''

Asperula assamica ''Asperula assamica'' is a deciduous species of perennial groundcover, and a flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of ter ...

'' Meisn. * ''

Asperula asterocephala ''Asperula asterocephala'' is a deciduous species of perennial groundcover, and a flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae, known as Woodruff, and is endemic to Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, ...

'' Bornm. * ''

Asperula asthenes ''Asperula asthenes'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae, known as trailing woodruff, and is endemic to the east coast of New South Wales, Australia Description This is a low perennial herb. Leaves are arranged in whorls of ...

'' Airy Shaw - Trailing Woodruff * ''

Asperula azerbaidjanica ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

'' Mam * ''

Asperula badachschenica ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

'' Pachom. * ''

Asperula baenitzii ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

'' Heldr. ex

* ''

Asperula balchanica ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

'' Bobrov * ''

Asperula baldaccii ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

'' (Halacsy) Ehrend. * ''

Asperula beckiana ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

'' Degen * ''

Asperula biebersteinii ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australa ...

'' V.I.Krecz * '' Asperula boissieri'' Heldr. ex

* '' Asperula borbasiana'' (Korica) Korica * '' Asperula bornmuelleri'' Velen. ex Bornm. * '' Asperula boryana'' (Walp.) Ehrend. * '' Asperula botschantzevii'' Pachom. * '' Asperula brachyantha''

* ''

Asperula brachyphylla ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

'' Trigas & Iatrou * ''

Asperula breviflora ''Asperula breviflora'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or he ...

* '' Asperula brevifolia'' Vent. * '' Asperula bryoides'' Stapf * '' Asperula calabra'' (Fiori) Gavioli * ''

Asperula capitata ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

'' Kit. ex

Schult. Josef (Joseph) August Schultes (15 April 1773 in Vienna – 21 April 1831 in Landshut) was an Austrian botanist and professor from Vienna. Together with Johann Jacob Roemer (1763–1819), he published the 16th edition of Linnaeus' ''Systema ...

* '' Asperula capitellata'' Hausskn. & Bornm. * '' Asperula carpatica'' Morariu * '' Asperula charophyton'' Airy Shaw - Strapleaf woodruff * '' Asperula chlorantha''

& Heldr. * ''

Asperula ciliatula ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

'' Pachom. * '' Asperula cilicia'' Hausskn. ex Ehrend. * '' Asperula comosa'' Schönb.-Tem. * '' Asperula conferta''

Hook.f. Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (30 June 1817 – 10 December 1911) was a British botanist and explorer in the 19th century. He was a founder of geographical botany and Charles Darwin's closest friend. For twenty years he served as director of t ...

- Common woodruff * '' Asperula congesta'' Tschern. * '' Asperula crassifolia'' L. * '' Asperula crassula'' Greuter & Zaffran * '' Asperula cretacea''

Willd. Carl Ludwig Willdenow (22 August 1765 – 10 July 1812) was a German botanist, pharmacist, and plant taxonomist. He is considered one of the founders of phytogeography, the study of the geographic distribution of plants. Willdenow was also ...

Roem. Johann Jacob Roemer (8 January 1763, Zurich – 15 January 1819) was a physician and professor of botany in Zurich, Switzerland. He was also an entomologist. With Austrian botanist Joseph August Schultes, he published the 16th edition of Carl ...

* ''

Asperula cristata ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

'' (Sommier & Levier) V.I.Krecz * '' Asperula cunninghamii'' Airy Shaw & Turrill - Twining woodruff * '' Asperula cymulosa'' (Post) Post * ''

Asperula cynanchica ''Asperula cynanchica'', the squinancywort or squincywort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. Its common name is derived from its former use as a medicinal herb to cure quinsy. It is native to much of southern and central ...

'' L. - Squinancywort * '' Asperula cypria'' Ehrend. * '' Asperula cyrenaica'' (E.A.Durand & Barratte) Pamp. * ''

Asperula czukavinae ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

'' Pachom. & Karim * ''

Asperula dasyantha ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

'' Klokov * '' Asperula deficiens'' Viv. * '' Asperula diminuta'' Klokov * '' Asperula doerfleri'' Wettst. * '' Asperula elonea'' Iatrou & Goergiadis * '' Asperula euboea'' (Ehrend.) ined. * '' Asperula euryphylla'' Airy Shaw & Turrill * '' Asperula fedtschenkoi'' Ovcz. & Tschernov * '' Asperula fragillima''

& Hausskn. * '' Asperula friabilis'' Schönb.-Tem. * ''

Asperula galioides ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

'' M.Bieb. * '' Asperula garganica'' Huter * '' Asperula gemella'' Airy Shaw & Turrill - Twin-leaved bedstraw * '' Asperula geminifolia'' F.Muell. * ''

Asperula glabrata ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

'' Tschern. * '' Asperula glareosa'' Ehrend. * '' Asperula glomerata'' (M.Bieb.)

Griseb. August Heinrich Rudolf Grisebach () was a German botany, botanist and phytogeography, phytogeographer. He was born in Hannover on 17 April 1814 and died in Göttingen on 9 May 1879. Biography Grisebach studied at the Lyceum in Hanover, the clo ...

* '' Asperula gobica'' ined. * '' Asperula gorganica'' Schönb.-Tem. & Ehrend. * '' Asperula gracilis'' C.A.Mey. * '' Asperula graveolens'' M.Bieb. ex

Schult.f. Julius Hermann Schultes (4 February 1804 in Vienna – 1 September 1840 in Munich) was an Austrian botanist from Vienna. He co-authored volume 7 of the Roemer & Schultes edition of the ''Systema Vegetabilium'' with his father Josef August S ...

* '' Asperula gunnii''

- Mountain woodruff * '' Asperula gussonei''

- Alpine Woodruff * '' Asperula haphneola'' O.Schwarz * '' Asperula hercegovina'' Degen * '' Asperula hexaphylla'' All. * ''

Asperula hirsuta ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

'' Desf. * '' Asperula hirta'' Ramond * '' Asperula hoskingii'' I.Thomps. * '' Asperula icarica'' Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem. * '' Asperula idaea'' Halacsy * '' Asperula inopinata'' Schönb.-Tem. * '' Asperula insignis'' (Vatke) Ehrend. * '' Asperula insolita'' Pachom. * '' Asperula intersita'' Klokov * '' Asperula x jordanii'' E.P.Perrier & Songeon * '' Asperula karategini'' Pachom. & Karim. * '' Asperula kemulariae'' Manden. * '' Asperula kotschyana'' (

& Hohen.)

* '' Asperula kovalevskiana'' Pachom. * '' Asperula kryloviana'' Sergeev * '' Asperula lactea'' (Porta) Brullo * '' Asperula laevigata'' L. * '' Asperula lasiantha'' Nakai - Korean woodruff * '' Asperula libanotica''

* '' Asperula lilaciflora''

* '' Asperula lipskyana'' V.I.Krecz * '' Asperula litardierei'' Humbert * ''

Asperula littoralis ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

Sm. __NOTOC__ Sir James Edward Smith (2 December 1759 – 17 March 1828) was an English botanist and founder of the Linnean Society. Early life and education Smith was born in Norwich in 1759, the son of a wealthy wool merchant. He displayed a ...

* '' Asperula lutea''

* '' Asperula lycia'' Stapf * '' Asperula majoriflora'' Borbas ex Formanek * '' Asperula malevonensis'' Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem. * ''

Asperula markothensis ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

'' Klokov * '' Asperula mazanderanica'' Ehrend. * '' Asperula microphylla''

* '' Asperula minima''

* '' Asperula molluginoides'' (M.Bieb.) Rchb. * '' Asperula mungieri''

& Heldr. * '' Asperula muscosa''

& Heldr. * '' Asperula naufraga'' Ehrend. & Gutermann * '' Asperula neglecta'' Guss. * ''

Asperula neilreichii ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

'' Beck * '' Asperula nitida''

* ''

Asperula nuratensis ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

'' Pachom. * '' Asperula oblanceolata'' I.Thomps. * '' Asperula oetaea'' (

) Heldr. ex Halacsy * ''

Asperula ophiolithica ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

'' Ehrend. * '' Asperula oppositifolia'' Regel & Schmalh. * '' Asperula orientalis''

& Hohen. - Blue woodruff * ''

Asperula pauciflora ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australa ...

'' Tschern. * '' Asperula paui'' Font Quer * '' Asperula pedicellata'' Klokov * '' Asperula peloritana'' C.Brullo * ''

Asperula perpusilla ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

* '' Asperula pestalozzae''

* '' Asperula pinifolia'' (

) Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem. * '' Asperula podlechii'' Schönb.-Tem. * ''

Asperula polymera ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

'' I.Thomps. * '' Asperula pontica''

* '' Asperula popovii'' Schischk. * '' Asperula x portae'' Peruzzi * '' Asperula prostrata'' (Adams) K.Koch * '' Asperula pseudochlorantha'' Ehrend. * '' Asperula puberula'' Halacsy & Sint. * '' Asperula pubescens'' (

) Ehrend. * ''

Asperula pugionifolia ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

'' Tschern. * '' Asperula pulchella'' (Podlech) Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem. * '' Asperula pulvinaris'' Heldr. ex

* '' Asperula pumila'' Moris * '' Asperula purpurea'' ( L.) Ehrend. * '' Asperula pusilla''

- Alpine woodruff * '' Asperula rechingeri'' Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem. * '' Asperula rezaiyensis'' Schönb.-Tem. * '' Asperula rigida''

* '' Asperula rigidula'' (Halacsy) Halacsy * '' Asperula rumelica''

* '' Asperula rupestris'' Tineo * '' Asperula rupicola'' Jord. * '' Asperula samia'' D.H.Christ & Goeriadis * '' Asperula saxicola'' Ehrend. * ''

Asperula scabrella ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

'' Tschern. * '' Asperula scoparia''

- Prickly woodruff * '' Asperula scutellaris'' Vis. * '' Asperula semanensis'' Schönb.-Tem. & Ehrend. * ''

Asperula serotina ''Asperula serotina'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herb ...

'' (

& Heldr.) Ehrend. * '' Asperula seticornis''

* '' Asperula setosa'' Jaub. & Spach * '' Asperula sherardioides'' Jaub. & Spach * '' Asperula sintenisii'' Asch. ex Bornm. * '' Asperula sordide-rosea'' Popov * '' Asperula staliana'' Vis. * '' Asperula stricta''

* '' Asperula strishovae'' Pachom. & Karim * '' Asperula suavis'' Fisch. * '' Asperula suberosa''

* '' Asperula subsimplex''

* '' Asperula subulifolia'' Airy Shaw & Turrill * '' Asperula suffruticosa''

& Heldr. * '' Asperula supina'' M.Bieb. * '' Asperula syrticola'' ( Miq.) Airy Shaw & Turrill * '' Asperula szovitsii'' Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem. * '' Asperula taurina'' L. - Pink woodruff * '' Asperula taygetea''

& Heldr. * ''

Asperula tenella ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

'' Heuff. ex Degen * '' Asperula tenuifolia''

* '' Asperula tenuissima'' K.Koch * '' Asperula tephrocarpa'' Czern. ex Popov & Chrshan. * '' Asperula tetraphylla'' (Airy Shaw & Turrill) I.Thomps. * '' Asperula tinctoria'' L. - Dyer's woodruff * '' Asperula tournefortii'' Sieber ex

Spreng. Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel (3 August 1766 – 15 March 1833) was a German botanist and physician who published an influential multivolume history of medicine, ''Versuch einer pragmatischen Geschichte der Arzneikunde'' (1792–99 in four vo ...

* ''

Asperula tragacanthoides ''Asperula'', commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 194 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia. Species * ' ...

'' Brullo * '' Asperula trichodes'' J.Gray ex

DC. Augustin Pyramus (or Pyrame) de Candolle (, , ; 4 February 17789 September 1841) was a Swiss botanist. René Louiche Desfontaines launched de Candolle's botanical career by recommending him at a herbarium. Within a couple of years de Candolle ...

* '' Asperula trifida'' Makino * '' Asperula virgata'' Hub.-Mor. ex Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem. – Rod-shaped woodruff * '' Asperula visianii'' Korica * '' Asperula wettsteinii'' Adamovic * '' Asperula wimmeriana'' Airy Shaw & Turrill * '' Asperula woloszczakii'' Korica * '' Asperula woronowii'' V.I.Krecz. * '' Asperula xylorrhiza'' Nabelek

References

External links

''Asperula'' in the World Checklist of Rubiaceae
{{Taxonbar, from=Q157934 Rubiaceae genera