, also known as , was the 10th ''
shōgun
, officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamakur ...
'' of the
Ashikaga shogunate
The , also known as the , was the feudal military government of Japan during the Muromachi period from 1336 to 1573.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Muromachi-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 669.
The Ashikaga shogunate was establ ...
who headed the shogunate first from 1490 to 1493 and then again from 1508 to 1521 during the
Muromachi period
The is a division of Japanese history running from approximately 1336 to 1573. The period marks the governance of the Muromachi or Ashikaga shogunate (''Muromachi bakufu'' or ''Ashikaga bakufu''), which was officially established in 1338 by t ...
of
Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
.
Yoshitane was the son of
Ashikaga Yoshimi
(March 3, 1439 – February 15, 1491) was the brother of Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimasa, and a rival for the succession in a dispute that would lead to the Ōnin War.
Life
Yoshimi was the abbot of a Jōdo monastery when he was first approac ...
and grandson of the sixth ''shōgun''
Ashikaga Yoshinori
was the sixth ''shōgun'' of the Ashikaga shogunate who reigned from 1429 to 1441 during the Muromachi period of Japan. Yoshinori was the son of the third ''shōgun'' Ashikaga Yoshimitsu.
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). His childhood name was Harutor ...
. In his early life, he was named Yoshiki (sometimes translated as Yoshimura), and then Yoshitada
[Ackroyd, p. 331.] — including the period of when he is first installed as ''shōgun''; however, he changed his name to Yoshitane in 1501 in a period when he was temporarily exiled, and it is by this name that he is generally known today.
The 9th ''shōgun''
Ashikaga Yoshihisa
was the 9th ''shōgun'' of the Ashikaga shogunate who reigned from 1473 to 1489 during the Muromachi period of Japan.Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982) ''Lessons from History: The Tokushi Yoron'', p. 331. Yoshihisa was the son of the eighth ''shōgun'' Ashi ...
died in 1489 on a battlefield of southern
Ōmi Province
was a province of Japan, which today comprises Shiga Prefecture. It was one of the provinces that made up the Tōsandō circuit. Its nickname is . Under the ''Engishiki'' classification system, Ōmi was ranked as one of the 13 "great countrie ...
. Yoshihisa left no heir; and Yoshitane became ''
Sei-i Taishōgun'' a year later.
Family
* Father: Ashikaga Yoshimi
* Mother: daughter of Uramatsu Shigemasa
* Wife: Seiyun'in
* Concubine: daughter of Yamana Toyoshige
* Children:
** Takewakamaru
** a daughter
* Adopted Son:
Ashikaga Yoshitsuna
Events of Yoshitane's ''bakufu''
Yoshitane was appointed ''shōgun'' in 1490.
Hōjō Sōun
, also known as was Japanese ''daimyo'' and the first head of the Later Hōjō clan, one of the major powers in Japan's Sengoku period. Although he only belonged to a side branch of the main, more prestigious Ise family, he fought his way up, gain ...
gains control of
Izu Izu may refer to:
Places
*Izu Province, a part of modern-day Shizuoka prefecture in Japan
**Izu, Shizuoka, a city in Shizuoka prefecture
**Izu Peninsula, near Tokyo
**Izu Islands, located off the Izu Peninsula
People with the surname
*, Japane ...
the following year. In 1493, Hatakeyama Yoshitoyo forces Yoshitane to abdicate.
In 1493, Yoshitane lost in a power struggle against
Hosokawa Masamoto
was a deputy-''shōgun'' of the Hosokawa clan of Japan, and son of Hosokawa Katsumoto. Masamoto was appointed to this rank during 1486. For a brief period this title was lost by Hatakeyama Masanaga but was regained in time. When Ashikaga Yosh ...
and was formally replaced by the eleventh ''shōgun'',
Ashikaga Yoshizumi
was the 11th ''shōgun'' of the Ashikaga shogunate who reigned from 1494 to 1508 during the Muromachi period of Japan. He was the son of Ashikaga Masatomo and grandson of the sixth ''shōgun'' Ashikaga Yoshinori.Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). His chi ...
.
Emperor Go-Kashiwabara
was the 104th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He reigned from November 16, 1500, to May 19, 1526. His personal name was Katsuhito (勝仁). His reign marked the nadir of Imperial authority during the Ashikaga ...
accedes to the throne in 1500.
Ōuchi Yoshioki
became a ''sengoku daimyō'' of Suō Province and served as the 15th head of the Ōuchi clan. Yoshioki was born early in the Sengoku period, the son of Ōuchi Masahiro, ''shugo'' of Suō Province and the 14th head of the Ōuchi clan. The firs ...
restores Yoshitane to the position of ''Sei-i Taishōgun'' from Yoshizumi. In 1520, a succession crisis occurred over
Hosokawa Takakuni
Hosokawa Takakuni (, 1484 – 17 July 1531) was the most powerful military commander in the Muromachi period under Ashikaga Yoshiharu, the twelfth ''shōgun''. His father was Hosokawa Masaharu, a member of the branch of the Hosokawa clan. His ch ...
's post. When Takakuni becomes ''
Kanrei
or, more rarely, ''kanryō'', was a high political post in feudal Japan; it is usually translated as ''shōguns deputy''. After 1349, there were actually two ''Kanrei'', the ''Kyoto Kanrei'' and the ''Kantō Kanrei''.
Originally, from 1219 until ...
'' (shogun's deputy), Yoshitane strongly opposed him and he was driven out.
In 1521,
Emperor Go-Kashiwabara
was the 104th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He reigned from November 16, 1500, to May 19, 1526. His personal name was Katsuhito (勝仁). His reign marked the nadir of Imperial authority during the Ashikaga ...
appoints Ashikaga Yoshiharu shogun. Takakuni arranged for the replacement of Yoshitane with the twelfth ''shōgun'',
Ashikaga Yoshiharu
was the twelfth ''shōgun'' of the Ashikaga shogunate from 1521 through 1546 during the late Muromachi period of Japan.Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982). ''Lessons from History: The Tokushi Yoron'', p. 332. He was the son of the eleventh ''shōgun'' Ash ...
.
Eventually, after a further power struggle with the
Hosokawa clan
The is a Japanese Samurai kin group or clan.
Ancestors
# Emperor Jimmu
# Emperor Suizei
# Emperor Annei
# Emperor Itoku
# Emperor Kōshō
# Emperor Kōan
# Emperor Kōrei
# Emperor Kōgen
# Emperor Kaika
# Emperor Sujin
# Emperor Suinin
# Emper ...
and especially with Hosokawa Takakuni, Yoshitane was forced to withdraw to
Awaji Island. He died in
Awa
Awa (or variants) may refer to:
People
* Awa (given name), notable people named Awa or Hawa
* Awá (Brazil), an indigenous people of Brazil
* Awa-Kwaiker, an indigenous people of Colombia and Ecuador
Languages
* Awa language (China) or Wa (Va) ...
province, on the
island
An island (or isle) is an isolated piece of habitat that is surrounded by a dramatically different habitat, such as water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, cays or keys. An island ...
of
Shikoku
is the smallest of the four main islands of Japan. It is long and between wide. It has a population of 3.8 million (, 3.1%). It is south of Honshu and northeast of Kyushu. Shikoku's ancient names include ''Iyo-no-futana-shima'' (), '' ...
in 1523.
[Titsingh, ]
Yoshitane's heirs and successors
''Shōgun'' Yoshitane adopted the son of Yoshizumi who was his cousin,
Ashikaga Yoshitsuna and he designated Yoshitsuna as his heir and as his anticipated successor as shogun. However, when Yoshitane died prematurely, he was not succeeded by who he had chosen; rather, his father's newly designated heir was accepted by the shogunate as ''shōgun'' Yoshizumi.
[Ackroyd, p. 298.]
In other words, after the death of his son, ''shōgun'' Yoshimasa adopted the son of his brother, Yoshimi. After the death of his adopted son, Yoshimasa adopted the son of another brother, Masatomo. Shogun Yoshimasa was succeeded by ''shōgun'' Yoshihisa (Yoshimasa's natural son), then by ''shōgun'' Yoshitane (Yoshimasa's first adopted son), and then by ''shōgun'' Yoshizumi (Yoshimasa's second adopted son). Yoshizumi's progeny would become ''shōguns'' in due course.
Eventually, the great-grandson of Yoshitane would be installed as a puppet ''shōgun'' for a brief period, but external power struggles would unseat him, and the Ashikaga dynasty of ''shōguns'' would end.
Eras of Yoshitane's ''bakufu''
The years in which Yoshitane was shogun are more specifically identified by more than one
era name
A regnal year is a year of the reign of a sovereign, from the Latin ''regnum'' meaning kingdom, rule. Regnal years considered the date as an ordinal, not a cardinal number. For example, a monarch could have a first year of rule, a second year o ...
or ''
nengō
The , also known as , is the first of the two elements that identify years in the Japanese era calendar scheme. The second element is a number which indicates the year number within the era (with the first year being ""), followed by the literal ...
''.
[Titsingh, ]
* ''
Entoku
was a after ''Chōkyō'' and before ''Meio''. This period spanned the years from August 1489 through July 1492. The reigning emperor was .
Change of era
* 1489 : The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events. The old era ended ...
'' (1489–1492)
* ''
Meiō
, also known as Mei-ō, was a after ''Entoku'' and before ''Bunki''. This period spanned the years from through . Reigning emperors were and .
Change of era
* 1492 : The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events. The old era ...
'' (1492–1501)
* ''
Bunki'' (1501–1504)
* ''
Eishō'' (1504–1521)
* ''
Daiei
, based in Kobe, is one of the largest supermarket chains in Japan. In 1957, Isao Nakauchi founded the chain in Osaka near Sembayashi Station on the Keihan train line. Daiei is now under a restructuring process supported by Marubeni Corporation ...
'' (1521–1528)
Notes
References
* Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982) ''Lessons from History: The Tokushi Yoron''. Brisbane:
University of Queensland Press
Established in 1948, University of Queensland Press (UQP) is an Australian publishing house.
Founded as a traditional university press, UQP has since branched into publishing books for general readers in the areas of fiction, non-fiction, poetr ...
.
OCLC 7574544*
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''
Nihon Ōdai Ichiran
, ', is a 17th-century chronicle of the serial reigns of Japanese emperors with brief notes about some of the noteworthy events or other happenings.
According to the 1871 edition of the ''American Cyclopaedia'', the 1834 French translation of ...
''; ou
''Annales des empereurs du Japon''. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland
OCLC 5850691
{{Authority control
Ashikaga shōguns
1466 births
1523 deaths
15th-century shōguns
16th-century shōguns
Yoshitane