Asasp-Arros

Asasp-Arros (; oc, Asasp e Arròs) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Asaspois'' or ''Asaspoises''.

Geography

Asasp-Arros is located 6 km south of Oloron-Sainte-Marie on the left bank of the Gave d'Aspe and straddling the old royal route built by Louis XIV to Canfranc in Spain. The commune consists of two portions joined by a narrow neck of land just south-west of Lurbe-Saint-Christau. Access to the commune is by Route nationale N134 ( European route E7) from Gurmençon in the north passing through the length of the commune and the village and continuing to Sarrance in the south. The D918 road comes from Issor in the west then goes east from the village over the mountains to Arudy. The southern portion of the commune is heavily forested with few farms while the northern also has extensive forests but with about 40% of the land area farmland.Google Maps
/ref>

The commune is part of the Drainage basin of the Adour with the Gave d'Aspe forming its entire eastern border as it flows north to join the Gave d'Oloron at Oloron-Sainte-Marie. Many tributaries flow into the Gave d'Aspe in the commune. From south to north these are: the Soum de Bordettes, the Ruisseau des Cournales, the Ruisseau de Labatnere, the Gave de Lourdios at the neck of the commune, and the Ruisseau Toupiette. In the west of the commune the Mielle river flows north with several tributaries rising in the commune: the Arrec de Bernet, the Arrec de Termy, the Arrec de Cazaux, and the Arrec de Sarraude. The Mielle continues north to join the Gave d'Oloron south-east of Moumour.

Places and Hamlets

* Arenguet
* Arripe
* Arros
* Asasp
* Athay (rock)
* Auquis
* Ayestène
* Bellevue
* Bernet
* Bordis
* Boumayou
* Bourderot (Mill)
* La Bourdette
* Bourdette (Soum des)
* Cambet (Pass - 578 metres)
* Carrère
* Casaudoumecq
* Castets
* Cazaux
* Chichet
* Cousté
* Croharé
* Esparbé (Talou of)
* Estrabeau
* Feugas
* Fouistou
* Garay (Forest)
* Gouadain
* Granet
* Hourc-Gros
* Les Indes
* Jeannot
* Jean-Petit
* Juncas
* Labatnère
* Laborde
* Lacabe
* Lacanette (fountain)
* Le Lagnos
* Lalanne
* Lalanne (calvary)
* Lassalette de l'Arrayous
* Lestelle
* Les Louzères
* Magendie
* Maunas
* Minvielle
* Mirandette
* Monlong
* Le Pacq
* Payssas
* Perte
* Peyre
* Poey
* Pucheu
* Ségu
* Serrelongue (Forest)
* Serre-Sècque (Pass - 509 metres)
* Soum Artigue
* Tachouas
* Termy (Forest)

Géoportail
IGN

Neighbouring communes and villages

Toponymy

The name ''Asasp'' appears in the forms:
*''Asap'' (1364,''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011, p. 14 Fors de BéarnManuscript from the 14th century - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques ),
*''Azasp'' (1375, Contracts of LuntzContracts retained by Luntz, Notary of Béarn - Manuscript from the 14th century - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques ),
*''Asasp'' (around 1630,Michel Grosclaude, ''Toponymic Dictionary of communes, Béarn'', Edicions reclams & Édition Cairn - 2006, 416 pages, by Pierre de Marca, ''History of Béarn''), and
*''Asasp'' on the Cassini Map in 1750Cassini Map 1750 - Asasp
/ref>

Michel Grosclaude indicated that ''Asasp'' is related to the basque ''as/aitz'' ("rocky point") and ''aspi'' ("behind"), giving "behind the rocky point".

The name ''Arros'' is mentioned in the 12th century''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 13 (Titles of Gabas) and also in:
*1220 (For of Oloron, on a copy of 1551),
*1249 (sentence in the Josbaig, ''vidimus'' of 1464),
*1367 (Cartulary of OloronTitles published in the ''History of Béarn'' by Pierre de Marca),
*1380 (Departmental archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques), and
*1750 on the Cassini Map.

According to Michel Grosclaude, ''Arros'' comes from the basque radical ''(h)arr'' ("stone") or from a former owner called ''Arro'', in each of the two possibilities expanded by the Aquitaine suffix ''-ossum'', giving "place of stone" or "Domain of Arro".

From 1956 until 1971 (the date of merging with Asasp) ''Arros'' was called ''Arros-d'Oloron'' to differentiate it from Arros-de-Nay.

Its name in béarnais is ''Asasp-Arros''.

''Arripe'' is a farm in Asasp mentioned in 1385''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 12 (Census of Béarn).

''Attay'' is an area in Asasp cited in the dictionary of 1863.''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 16

''Boumayou'' is a hamlet referenced by the dictionary in 1863.''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 35

''Castetgouly''''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 46 and ''Castetmans'' were also places in Asasp.

''Caup'' was another name mentioned in the dictionary in 1863.''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 47

''La Courtie'' was a place in Asasp cited by the dictionary in 1863.''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 53

''Croues'', another area in Asasp, appears in the Terrier of Asasp,Manuscript from the 18th century - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in 1778 with the spelling ''Couroues''.

''Domec'' was a fief, vassal of the Viscounts of Béarn, cited in 1863 ''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 55 in the forms:
*''Domec-Poe'' and ''la Domecq'' (respectively 1538 and 1546, Reformation of BéarnManuscript from the 16th to 18th centuries - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques ).

''Hourcq'' was an area in Asasp in 1863.''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 80

''Le Lagnos'' is a forest in Asasp, which in 1538 was called ''Lo Lanhos'' (,''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 90 Reformation of Béarn).

''Monlong'' was referenced in 1863 as a moor in Asasp''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 116 as was ''Tachouas''.''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 165

''Ségu'' is a mountain whose slopes are in both Asasp and Issor.''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 159

History

Paul Raymond noted that in 1385 Asasp had 17 fires and Arros 7. Both depended on the bailiwick of Oloron.

Arros commune had a Lay Abbey, vassal of the Viscounts of Béarn.

On 1 January 1973 (Prefectorial Order of 29 December 1972),History page on the commune website
the commune of Arros-d'Oloron (called Arros until 1956) was merged with Asasp to form the new commune of Asasp-Arros.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

Inter-communality

The commune is part of seven inter-communal structures:
* the Communauté de communes du Haut Béarn;
* the Energy association of Pyrénées-Atlantiques;
* the association for the source of the Colombe;
* the educational regrouping association of the communes of Lurbe and Asasp-Arros;
* the television association of Oloron-Aspe Valley;
* the inter-communal association for sanitation of the gateway of the Aspe;
* the joint association for production of drinking water Jean Petit;

Demography

In 2017 the commune had 461 inhabitants.

Economy

The main activity is agriculture (livestock, pasturage, polyculture). The commune is in the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone of Ossau-iraty. The quality of the water from the rivers allows development of Fish farming.

A Hydro-electric power station has been built at the confluence of the Gave d'Aspe and the Gave de Lourdios.

Culture and heritage

Civil heritage

Until 1494 there was a dyke on the gave d'Aspe which linked Lurbe to Asasp. It was then replaced with a bridge, making the village an important stage on a secondary way on the via Podiensis (or ''Puy Route''), one of the modern paths on the Way of St. James.

Religious heritage

There are two churches in Asasp-Arros which are listed as historical monuments. These are:
*The Parish Church of Saint-Jean-l'Évangéliste at Asasp (19th century). The church has several items registered as historical objects:
**Main Altar and Retable (18th century)
**Secondary Altar and Retable (18th century)
**Painting: the Agony of Christ (17th century)
**Choir enclosure (Communion table) (18th century)

;

File:Eglise de Asasp-Arros vue 1.jpg, Road to the church
File:Eglise de Asasp-Arros vue 3.jpg, Outside view
File:Eglise de Asasp-Arros vue 2.jpg, The church approach
File:Arros d'Oloron (Asasp-Arros, Pyr-Atl, Fr) monument aux morts sur le mur de l'eglise.JPG, War memorial plaque on the church
File:Entrée de l'église vue 1Asasp-Arros.jpg, Entry to the Church

*The Parish Church of Saint-Vincent-Diacre at Arros (19th century). The church has two items registered as historical objects:
**Secondary Altar and Retable (18th century)
**Ceiling (18th century)Ministry of Culture, Palissy

Environmental heritage

A large wooded area,Environment page on the commune website
with many hiking trails extends over the commune.

The peak of ''Bellevue'', which is also called ''Cambet'', is 681 metres high, the summit of ''Caut'' is 689 metres, the summit of ''Las Osques'' is 691 metres, and ''Pédeher'' is 712 metres. On the frontier with Issor the summit of ''Athay'' is 728 metres high and that of ''Ségu'' is 768 metres.

Facilities

Education

The commune has an Elementary school.

Sports

The Rugby union club (ASAAR) plays in the championship of France in the 2nd series.

See also

*Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department

External links

Commune website

Asasp-Arros on Géoportail
National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
''Asasp'' and ''Arros'' on the 1750 Cassini Map

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Asasparros
Communes of Pyrénées-Atlantiques