The Tettigoniinae are a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

of bush crickets or katydids, which contains hundreds of

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

in about twelve

tribes The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to conflic ...

Distribution

The greatest diversity is in the

Palaearctic The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa. The realm consists of several bioregions: the Euro-Sibe ...

region and many of the familiar European species of bush crickets (''e.g.'' in the genera ''

Metrioptera ''Metrioptera''Wesmaël (1838) ''Bull. Acad. Sci. Bruxelles'' 5: 592. is a genus of insects in the tribe Platycleidini and subfamily Tettigoniinae The Tettigoniinae are a subfamily of bush crickets or katydids, which contains hundreds of spe ...

Pholidoptera ''Pholidoptera'' is a genus of bush-crickets belonging to the subfamily Tettigoniinae and the type genus of the tribe Pholidopterini. List of species * '' Pholidoptera aptera'' (Fabricius, 1793) - alpine dark bush-cricket * '' Pholidoptera bre ...

Platycleis ''Platycleis'' is a genus of bush crickets described by Fieber in 1853, belonging to the subfamily Tettigoniinae. The species of this genus are present in Europe, North Africa and temperate Asia. Biology Studies conducted in 2010 at the Univer ...

'' and the type genus ''

Tettigonia ''Tettigonia'' is the type genus of bush crickets belonging to the subfamily Tettigoniinae.Linnaeus, C. (1758). ''Systema Naturae per Regna tria naturae'' (10th ed.) 1: 429. The scientific name ''Tettigonia'' is onomatopoeic and derives from t ...

'') are in this subfamily. They are attributed to an ancient

Gondwana Gondwana () was a large landmass, often referred to as a supercontinent, that formed during the late Neoproterozoic (about 550 million years ago) and began to break up during the Jurassic period (about 180 million years ago). The final stages ...

fauna, which is reflected in the known distribution of the southern African genera, which are in turn related to Australian and North American genera in the tribe

Nedubini The Tettigoniinae are a subfamily of bush crickets or katydids, which contains hundreds of species in about twelve tribes. Distribution The greatest diversity is in the Palaearctic region and many of the familiar European species of bush crick ...

(''e.g.

Neduba ''Neduba'' is a genus of insects in the family Tettigoniidae (katydids), which is native to North America. Species The following species (1 extinct) belong to the genus ''Neduba'': # '' Neduba carinata'' F. Walker, 1869 - type species # '' Nedu ...

'' and '' Aglaothorax'').

Extant Extant is the opposite of the word extinct. It may refer to: * Extant hereditary titles * Extant literature, surviving literature, such as ''Beowulf'', the oldest extant manuscript written in English * Extant taxon, a taxon which is not extinct, ...

genera are native to: the

Americas The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North and South America. The Americas make up most of the land in Earth's Western Hemisphere and comprise the New World. Along with th ...

(where they may be called shield-backed katydids),

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

southern Africa Southern Africa is the southernmost subregion of the African continent, south of the Congo and Tanzania. The physical location is the large part of Africa to the south of the extensive Congo River basin. Southern Africa is home to a number of ...

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

(especially

Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the e ...

), and the

Near East The ''Near East''; he, המזרח הקרוב; arc, ܕܢܚܐ ܩܪܒ; fa, خاور نزدیک, Xāvar-e nazdik; tr, Yakın Doğu is a geographical term which roughly encompasses a transcontinental region in Western Asia, that was once the hist ...

. The faunas of the

Neotropics The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropics, tropical Ecoregion#Terrestrial, terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperat ...

and Australia are more closely related to one other than to those of southern Africa and Madagascar (in tribe

Arytropteridini The Tettigoniinae are a subfamily of Tettigoniidae, bush crickets or katydids, which contains hundreds of species in about twelve Tribe (biology), tribes. Distribution The greatest diversity is in the Palaearctic region and many of the familiar ...

), although the three faunas are related.

Tribes and genera

In the ''Orthoptera Species File'', the following are listed:Orthoptera Species File: subfamily Tettigoniinae Krauss, 1902 (retrieved 17 November 2021)
/ref>

Arytropteridini

Auth. Caudell, 1908 * ''

Alfredectes ''Alfredectes'' is a genus of bush crickets or katydids, which is endemic to South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by ...

'' Rentz, 1988 * '' Anarytropteris'' Uvarov, 1924 * ''

Arytropteris ''Arytropteris'' is a genus of shield-backed katydids, containing the following species: * '' Arytropteris basalis'' (Walker, 1869) – flat-necked shieldback * '' Arytropteris granulithorax'' Péringuey, 1916 – east coast flat-necked shieldba ...

'' Herman, 1874 * '' Ceresia'' Uvarov, 1928 - monotypic ''

Ceresia pulchripes ''Ceresia pulchripes'', the common ceresia, is a species of bush cricket or katydid endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined ...

'' * '' Namaquadectes'' Rentz, 1988 * ''

Thoracistus ''Thoracistus'' is a genus of decticine or shield-backed katydids in the family Tettigoniidae. The mostly carnivorous genus is endemic to South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, ...

'' Pictet, 1888 * '' Toliaridectes'' Hugel, 2019 * '' Transkeidectes'' Naskrecki, 1992 * '' Zuludectes'' Rentz, 1988

Ctenodecticini

Auth. Caudell, 1908 * '' Ctenodecticus'' Bolívar, 1877 * '' Miramiola'' Uvarov, 1939

Decticini

Auth. Herman, 1874 (synonyms Decticidae or Dectici Herman, 1874) * '' Decticus'' Serville, 1831

Drymadusini

Auth. Uvarov, 1924 * '' Afrodrymadusa'' Ramme, 1939 * '' Ammoxenulus'' Bei-Bienko, 1951 * '' Anadolua'' Ramme, 1939 * '' Anadrymadusa'' Karabag, 1961 * '' Anatlanticus'' Bei-Bienko, 1951 * '' Atlanticus'' Scudder, 1894 * '' Bergiola'' Stshelkanovtzev, 1910 * '' Bienkoxenus'' Cejchan, 1968 * '' Calopterusa'' Uvarov, 1942 * '' Ceraeocercus'' Uvarov, 1910 * '' Delodusa'' Stolyarov, 1994 * '' Drymadusa'' Stein, 1860 * '' Drymadusella'' Ramme, 1939 * '' Drymapedes'' Bei-Bienko, 1967 * '' Eulithoxenus'' Bei-Bienko, 1951 * '' Exodrymadusa'' Karabag, 1961 * '' Farsodecticus'' Mirzayans, 1991 * '' Ferganusa'' Uvarov, 1926 * '' Iranusa'' Uvarov, 1942 * '' Kansua'' Uvarov, 1933 * '' Leptodusa'' Stolyarov, 1994 * '' Lithodusa'' Bei-Bienko, 1951 * '' Lithoxenus'' Bei-Bienko, 1951 * '' Microdrymadusa'' Bei-Bienko, 1967 * '' Mixodusa'' Stolyarov, 1994 * '' Mongolodectes'' Bei-Bienko, 1951 * '' Novadrymadusa'' Demirsoy, Salman & Sevgili, 2002 * '' Paradrymadusa'' Herman, 1874 * '' Paratlanticus'' Ramme, 1939 * '' Pezodrymadusa'' Karabag, 1961 * '' Phytodrymadusa'' Ramme, 1939 * '' Ptosoproctus'' Shen, Yin & He, 2021 * '' Scotodrymadusa'' Ramme, 1939 * '' Sichuana'' Yin & Shen, 2020 * '' Tadzhikia'' Mishchenko, 1954 * '' Uvarovina'' Ramme, 1939 * '' Zagrosiella'' Mirzayans, 1991

Gampsocleidini

Auth. Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 * '' Gampsocleis'' Fieber, 1852 * '' Uvarovites'' Tarbinsky, 1932 - monotypic '' U. inflatus'' (Uvarov, 1924) - mainland E. Asia

Glyphonotini

Auth. Tarbinsky, 1932 (synonyms: Glyphonotinae Tarbinsky, 1932; Glyphontini) * '' Chlorodectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Ectopistidectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Glyphonotus'' Redtenbacher, 1889 * '' Metaballus'' Herman, 1874

Nedubini

Auth. Gorochov, 1988 * '' Aglaothorax'' Caudell, 1907 * '' Antipodectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Apteropedetes'' Rentz, 1979 * '' Barraza'' Koçak & Kemal, 2008 * '' Chinnandectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Dexerra'' Walker, 1869 * '' Falcidectes'' Rentz & Gurney, 1985 * '' Glenbalodectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Idionotus'' Scudder, 1894 * '' Ixalodectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Lanciana'' Walker, 1869 * ''

'' Walker, 1869 * '' Oligodectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Oligodectoides'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Phymonotus'' Lightfoot, Weissman & Ueshima, 2011 * '' Platydecticus'' Chopard, 1951 * '' Platyproctidectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Rhachidorus'' Herman, 1874 * '' Throscodectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Xederra'' Ander, 1938 * '' Xyrdectes'' Rentz & Gurney, 1985

Onconotini

Auth. Tarbinsky, 1940 * '' Onconotus'' Fischer von Waldheim, 1839

Pholidopterini

Auth. Ramme, 1951 * '' Aparapholidoptera'' Çiplak, 2020 *'' Apholidoptera'' Maran, 1953 * '' Eupholidoptera'' Maran, 1953 * '' Exopholidoptera'' Ünal, 1998 * '' Parapholidoptera'' Maran, 1953 * ''

'' Wesmaël, 1838 *'' Spinopholidoptera'' Çiplak, 2020 * '' Uvarovistia'' Maran, 1953

Plagiostirini

Auth. Storozhenko, 1994 * '' Plagiostira'' Scudder, 1876

Platycleidini

Auth. Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 * '' Afghanoptera'' Ramme, 1952 * '' Amedegnatiana'' Massa & Fontana, 2011 * '' Anabrus'' Haldeman, 1852 * '' Anonconotus'' Camerano, 1878 * '' Antaxius'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882 * '' Anterastes'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882 * '' Ariagona'' Krauss, 1892 * '' Austrodectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Bicolorana'' Zeuner, 1941 ** ''e.g. Bicolorana bicolor'' * '' Broughtonia'' Harz, 1969 * '' Bucephaloptera'' Ebner, 1923 * '' Chizuella'' Furukawa, 1950 * '' Clinopleura'' Scudder, 1894 * '' Decticita'' Hebard, 1939 * '' Decticoides'' Ragge, 1977 * '' Eobiana'' Bei-Bienko, 1949 * '' Eremopedes'' Scudder, 1897 * '' Festella'' Giglio-Tos, 1894 * '' Hermoniana'' Broza, Ayal & Pener, 2004 * '' Hypsopedes'' Bei-Bienko, 1951 * '' Idiostatus'' Pictet, 1888 * '' Inyodectes'' Rentz & Birchim, 1968 * '' Koroglus'' - monotypic ''K. disparalatus'' Ünal, 2002 * ''

'' Wesmaël, 1838 ** ''e.g.

Metrioptera brachyptera ''Metrioptera brachyptera'' is a species in the family Tettigoniidae commonly called the bog bush cricket. ''M. brachyptera'' has a body length of 12–16 mm, with color ranging from brownish, with green elements on the upper side of the he ...

'' * ''

Montana Montana () is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbi ...

'' Zeuner, 1941 * '' Pachytrachis'' Uvarov, 1940 * '' Pediodectes'' Rehn & Hebard, 1916 * '' Peranabrus'' Scudder, 1894 * '' Petropedes'' Tinkham, 1972 * ''

'' Fieber, 1853 * '' Plicigastra'' Uvarov, 1940 * '' Pravdiniana'' Sergeev & Pokivajlov, 1992 * '' Psorodonotus'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1861 * '' Pterolepis'' Rambur, 1838 * '' Raggeana'' Pener, Broza & Ayal, 1971 * '' Rammeola'' Uvarov, 1934 * '' Rhacocleis'' Fieber, 1853 * '' Sardoplatycleis'' Massa & Fontana, 2011 * '' Roeseliana'' Zeuner, 1941 - formerly in ''Metrioptera'' * '' Schizonotinus'' Ramme, 1948 * '' Sepiana'' Zeuner, 1941 * '' Sphagniana'' Zeuner, 1941 * '' Steiroxys'' Herman, 1874 * '' Tessellana'' Zeuner, 1941 ** ''e.g. Tessellana tessellata'' * '' Uludaghia'' Ramme, 1951 * '' Yersinella'' Ramme, 1933 * '' Zeuneriana'' Karsch, 1889

Tettigoniini

Auth. Krauss, 1902 * ''

Acrodectes ''Acrodectes'' is a genus of shield-backed katydids in the family Tettigoniidae Insects in the family Tettigoniidae are commonly called katydids (especially in North America), or bush crickets. They have previously been known as "long-horned ...

'' Rehn & Hebard, 1920 * '' Amphiestris'' Fieber, 1853 * ''

Apote ''Apote'' is a genus of shield-backed katydids in the family Tettigoniidae. There are at least two described species in ''Apote''. Species These two species belong to the genus ''Apote'': * ''Apote notabilis'' Scudder, 1897 (notable apote) * ''A ...

'' Scudder, 1897 * '' Ateloplus'' Scudder, 1894 * '' Calliphona'' Krauss, 1892 * '' Capnobotes'' Scudder, 1897 * '' Cyrtophyllicus'' Hebard, 1908 * '' Elasmocercus'' Chopard, 1943 * '' Evergoderes'' Bolívar, 1936 * '' Hubbellia'' Hebard, 1927 * '' Hyphinomos'' Uvarov, 1921 * '' Medecticus'' Uvarov, 1912 * '' Nanodectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Platyoplus'' Tinkham, 1973 * '' Psalmatophanes'' Chopard, 1938 * '' Sureyaella'' Uvarov, 1934 * ''

''Linnaeus, 1758 * '' Thyreonotus'' Serville, 1838 including '' Thyreonotus corsicus'' * '' Zacycloptera'' Caudell, 1907

Tribe ''
incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...
''

* '' Bolua'' Ünal, 1999 * '' Dreuxia'' Chopard & Dreux, 1966 * '' Neogampsocleis'' Caudell, 1935

Examples and Gallery

The

Mormon cricket The Mormon cricket (''Anabrus simplex'') is a large insect that can grow to almost in length. It lives throughout western North America in rangelands dominated by sagebrush and forbs. Despite its name, the Mormon cricket is actually a shield-bac ...

, actually a katydid and member of this subfamily, has been known to cause extensive damage when it breeds in large numbers in cropland. 123 species are native to

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

. Mormon cricket (red background).jpg, '' Anabrus simplex'' Anadrymadusa retowskii male.JPG, Anonconotus alpestris male (3787938321).jpg, Anthaxius pedestris male (7973599932).jpg, Metriptera bicolor male macropterous (5933691434).jpg, Warzenbeisser (01).JPEG, Black katydid - Eobiana engelhardti - 姫螽斯(ヒメギス) (5798504048).jpg, Eupholidoptera chabrieri male (31036314374).jpg, Gampsocleis glabra male (15031711991).jpg, Pholidoptera femorata male (9566322834).jpg, Platycleis affinis.jpg, Metrioptera roeselii forma diluta f 5665.jpg, Sepiana sepium female (15031790421).jpg, Platycleis tesselata male (5012521208).jpg, Tettigonia viridissima white 2010 01.jpg, Thoracistus sp, Iphithi Natuurreservaat, b.jpg, Thy corsicus8 CB.JPG, Yersinella raymondii male (15011823486).jpg, Zeuneriana marmorata.jpg,

References

External links

* *
Subfamily Tettigoniinae
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2306585 Orthoptera subfamilies