An artificial waterfall is a

water feature In landscape architecture and garden design, a water feature is one or more items from a range of fountains, jeux d'eau, pools, ponds, rills, artificial waterfalls, and streams. Before the 18th century they were usually powered by gravity, tho ...

fountain A fountain, from the Latin "fons" (genitive "fontis"), meaning source or Spring (hydrology), spring, is a decorative reservoir used for discharging water. It is also a structure that jets water into the air for a decorative or dramatic effect. ...

which imitates a natural

waterfall A waterfall is a point in a river or stream where water flows over a vertical drop or a series of steep drops. Waterfalls also occur where meltwater drops over the edge of a tabular iceberg or ice shelf. Waterfalls can be formed in several wa ...

. Artificial waterfalls have long been featured in traditional

Japanese gardens are traditional gardens whose designs are accompanied by Japanese aesthetics and philosophical ideas, avoid artificial ornamentation, and highlight the natural landscape. Plants and worn, aged materials are generally used by Japanese garden desig ...

, where they can serve to highlight a scene or to provide focus. The classic gardening manual ''

Sakuteiki is the oldest published Japanese text on garden-making. It was most likely the work of Tachibana Toshitsuna. ''Sakuteiki'' is most likely the oldest garden planning text in the world. It was written in the mid-to-late 11th century. Later during ...

'', written in the mid-to-late 11th century, lists nine different types. The Cascata delle Marmore is an example of a man-made waterfall created by the ancient

Romans Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy * Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...

. Artificial waterfalls were popular in Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including the famous waterfall in

Viktoriapark The Viktoriapark ( en, Victoria Park) is an urban park in the locality of Kreuzberg in Berlin, Germany. It opened in 1894. It is situated on the ''Tempelhofer Berge'' range, forming the northern slope of the ground moraine Teltow Plateau, overloo ...

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitue ...

.Susan C. Anderson (Editor), Bruce Tabb (Editor), ''Water, Leisure and Culture: European Historical Perspectives'', Berg Publishers, 2002, , page 122 An early American example is

Huntington Waterfalls Huntington may refer to: Places Canada * Huntington, Nova Scotia New Zealand * Huntington, New Zealand a suburb in Hamilton, New Zealand United Kingdom * Huntington, Cheshire, England * Huntington, East Lothian, Huntington, List of Unit ...

Golden Gate Park Golden Gate Park, located in San Francisco, California, United States, is a large urban park consisting of of public grounds. It is administered by the San Francisco Recreation & Parks Department, which began in 1871 to oversee the development ...

San Francisco, California San Francisco (; Spanish for " Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the fourth most populous in California and 17th ...

. In 1896, ''

Gardening Magazine Gardening is the practice of growing and cultivating plants as part of horticulture. In gardens, ornamental plants are often grown for their flowers, leaf, foliage, or overall appearance; useful plants, such as List of root vegetables, root vege ...

'' reported that it was the only artificial waterfall in a public park in North America. The Liebian International Plaza in

Guiyang Guiyang (; ; Mandarin pronunciation: ), historically rendered as Kweiyang, is the capital of Guizhou province of the People's Republic of China. It is located in the center of the province, situated on the east of the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, ...

Guizhou Guizhou (; formerly Kweichow) is a landlocked province in the southwest region of the People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Guiyang, in the center of the province. Guizhou borders the autonomous region of Guangxi to t ...

, China has a waterfall on one face of the mixed-use skyscraper. The

New York City Waterfalls ''New York City Waterfalls'' is a public art project by artist Olafur Eliasson, in collaboration with the Public Art Fund, consisting of four man-made waterfalls placed around New York City along the East River. The most famous was at the Brookly ...

(2008), a temporary public art installation by artist Olafur Eliasson, consisted of four human-made waterfalls constructed with 270 tons of exposed scaffolding.

Indoor waterfalls

Artificial waterfalls installed inside of buildings can be small or quite large. Some of the benefits of indoor waterfalls are considered to be their production of

white noise In signal processing, white noise is a random signal having equal intensity at different frequencies, giving it a constant power spectral density. The term is used, with this or similar meanings, in many scientific and technical disciplines, ...

humidity Humidity is the concentration of water vapor present in the air. Water vapor, the gaseous state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye. Humidity indicates the likelihood for precipitation, dew, or fog to be present. Humidity depe ...

, as well as naturally peaceful feelings engendered among onlookers.''Zen & the Art of Pond Building'', D. J. Herda, Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., 2008, , page 9

Jurong Falls Jurong Bird Park is an aviary and tourist attraction in Jurong, Singapore. The largest such bird park in Asia, it covers an area of on the western slope of Jurong Hill, the highest point in the Jurong region. It is one of the parks managed by ...

is tall, and is located within the open-access ''Waterfall Aviary'' at the

Jurong Bird Park Jurong Bird Park is an aviary and tourist attraction in Jurong, Singapore. The largest such bird park in Asia, it covers an area of on the western slope of Jurong Hill, the highest point in the Jurong region. It is one of the parks managed by ...

Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, borde ...

Gallery

File:Washington zoo waterfall 2016.jpg, An artificial waterfall in an animal enclosure at the National Zoo in

Washington D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, Na ...

File:HK Central Chater Garden Pool 1.JPG,

Chater Garden Chater Garden, located in the Central District of Hong Kong, is a public park directly east of the Legislative Council building. It is named after Sir Paul Chater, as is the adjacent Chater Road. History In the early days of British ru ...

in Hong Kong File:Salzburg AG - Wasserfall 5.JPG, Artificial waterfall and sculpture at a transportation company in

Salzburg Salzburg (, ; literally "Salt-Castle"; bar, Soizbuag, label=Bavarian language, Austro-Bavarian) is the List of cities and towns in Austria, fourth-largest city in Austria. In 2020, it had a population of 156,872. The town is on the site of the ...

File:IMG 2317 - Washington DC - FDR Memorial - Cherry Blossoms.JPG,

FDR Memorial The Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial is a presidential memorial in Washington D.C., dedicated to the memory of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the 32nd President of the United States, and to the era he represents. The memorial is the second of two ...

File:Reproduction Waterfall Wichita Falls.jpg, Artificial waterfall in

Wichita Falls, Texas Wichita Falls ( ) is a city in and the seat of government of Wichita County, Texas, United States. It is the principal city of the Wichita Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Archer, Clay, and Wichita counties. Accordin ...

File:New York City Waterfalls Governors Island.jpg, One of the four human-made falls in Olafur Eliasson's 2008 public art installation, ''

''.

References

{{Garden features Fountains Garden features Waterfalls

Waterfall A waterfall is a point in a river or stream where water flows over a vertical drop or a series of steep drops. Waterfalls also occur where meltwater drops over the edge of a tabular iceberg or ice shelf. Waterfalls can be formed in several wa ...