Arthur Sidgwick (1840–1920) was an English classical scholar who had an early career as a schoolteacher.
Despite his self-deprecating remark "in erudition I am naught", he is considered a great teacher of
ancient Greek poetry
Ancient Greek literature is literature written in the Ancient Greek language from the earliest texts until the time of the Byzantine Empire. The earliest surviving works of ancient Greek literature, dating back to the early Archaic period, are ...
.
He also became an important figure in the advancement of
female education
Female education is a catch-all term of a complex set of issues and debates surrounding education (primary education, secondary education, tertiary education, and health education in particular) for girls and women. It is frequently called girls ...
at the
University of Oxford
, mottoeng = The Lord is my light
, established =
, endowment = £6.1 billion (including colleges) (2019)
, budget = £2.145 billion (2019–20)
, chancellor ...
.
The early life
The fourth son and fifth child of the Rev. William Sidgwick (died 1841) and his wife Mary Crofts, he was born at
Skipton
Skipton (also known as Skipton-in-Craven) is a market town and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England. Historically in the East Division of Staincliffe Wapentake in the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is on the River Air ...
, Yorkshire;
Henry Sidgwick
Henry Sidgwick (; 31 May 1838 – 28 August 1900) was an English utilitarian philosopher and economist. He was the Knightbridge Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Cambridge from 1883 until his death, and is best known in philos ...
was his older brother.
He was educated at
Rugby School
Rugby School is a public school (English independent boarding school for pupils aged 13–18) in Rugby, Warwickshire, England.
Founded in 1567 as a free grammar school for local boys, it is one of the oldest independent schools in Britain. Up ...
and
Trinity College, Cambridge
Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Founded in 1546 by Henry VIII, King Henry VIII, Trinity is one of the largest Cambridge colleges, with the largest financial endowment of any college at either Cambridge ...
, matriculating in 1859, and graduating B.A. as second classic in 1863. He was
President of the Cambridge Union
This is a list of presidents of Cambridge Union since its foundation in 1815.
1815–1916
It was resolved at a Private Business Meeting held on Monday, May 8, 1916, to hold no elections for terminal officers in the Easter Term, nor subsequentl ...
in 1863.
As was Henry, he was elected to the
Cambridge Apostles
The Cambridge Apostles (also known as ''Conversazione Society'') is an intellectual society at the University of Cambridge founded in 1820 by George Tomlinson, a Cambridge student who became the first Bishop of Gibraltar.W. C. Lubenow, ''The Ca ...
. They tried, but failed, to have
F. W. H. Myers elected also.
The Rugby revolt
A Fellow of Trinity College from 1864 to 1879, Sidgwick was for that period an assistant master to Rugby School, invited to return by
Frederick Temple
Frederick Temple (30 November 1821 – 23 December 1902) was an English academic, teacher and churchman, who served as Bishop of Exeter (1869–1885), Bishop of London (1885–1896) and Archbishop of Canterbury (1896–1902).
Early life
T ...
, headmaster at the end of his time as a pupil there.
He clashed with
Henry Hayman, the headmaster of Rugby.
With Henry Lee Warner (1842–1925) as an ally, Sidgwick organised a significant resistance to the incoming Hayman's authority. There followed a furore in 1873–4. It saw Hayman ousted after trying to sack Sidgwick and Charles James Eliseo Smith (1835–1900).
At Oxford
In 1879, Sidgwick became a Fellow of
Corpus Christi College, Oxford
Corpus Christi College (formally, Corpus Christi College in the University of Oxford; informally abbreviated as Corpus or CCC) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1517, it is the 12th ...
.
He stood out among the generally orthodox, conservative classics dons as a
Liberal
Liberal or liberalism may refer to:
Politics
* a supporter of liberalism
** Liberalism by country
* an adherent of a Liberal Party
* Liberalism (international relations)
* Sexually liberal feminism
* Social liberalism
Arts, entertainment and m ...
, as did the radical Thomas Collins Snow. He pioneered, with
Arthur Herbert Dyke Acland, undergraduate study groups to raise awareness of current affairs.
Gilbert Murray
George Gilbert Aimé Murray (2 January 1866 – 20 May 1957) was an Australian-born British classical scholar and public intellectual, with connections in many spheres. He was an outstanding scholar of the language and culture of Ancient Greece ...
arrived as an Oxford undergraduate in 1884, and Sidgwick became a
father figure
A father figure is usually an older man, normally one with power, authority, or strength, with whom one can identify on a deeply psychological level and who generates emotions generally felt towards one's father. Despite the literal term "father ...
to him. In his autobiography, after noting the continuity with school, Murray wrote: "Sidgwick was a great exception. So was one of the St John's fellows, T. C. Snow". He enjoyed the chance to discuss liberal politics freely;
and Stapleton writes that Murray's vision of "an alliance between classical scholarship and liberalism" was inspired by Sidgwick. It was at an 1887 picnic organised by the Sidgwicks that Murray met
Rosalind Howard, Countess of Carlisle
Rosalind Frances Howard, Countess of Carlisle (née Stanley; 20 February 1845 – 12 August 1921), known as ''The Radical Countess'', was a promoter of women's political rights and temperance movement activist.
Family
The Countess of Carlisle ...
, his future mother-in-law.
Sidgwick was an educational reformer. He was secretary of Oxford's
Association for the Education of Women
The Association for the Education of Women or Association for Promoting the Higher Education of Women in Oxford (AEW) was formed in 1878 to promote the education of women at the University of Oxford. It provided lectures and tutorials for stu ...
from 1882 to 1907, then becoming its president. There he worked with
Bertha Johnson
Bertha Jane Johnson (20 January 1846 – 24 April 1927), née Todd, was the principal of the Society of Oxford Home-Students, which would become St Anne's College, University of Oxford, and a campaigner for women's education.
Life
Bertha J. Todd ...
and
Annie Rogers
Annie Mary Anne Henley Rogers (15 February 1856 – 28 October 1937) was a British promoter of women's education. She had an offer of a university place at the University of Oxford withdrawn when it was realised that the candidate was female. S ...
.
In 1893 he argued in favour of women being allowed to serve on educational governing bodies. A long-time
suffragist
Suffrage, political franchise, or simply franchise, is the right to vote in public, political elections and referendums (although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote). In some languages, and occasionally in English, the right to v ...
, he was also influential in the 1920 decision by the University of Oxford to grant degrees to women.
An anti-imperialist, Sidgwick was president of the Oxford Liberal Association for 28 years. He belonged to the local group of
Positivists, centred on
Richard Congreve
Richard Congreve (4 September 1818 – 5 July 1899) was the first English philosopher to openly espouse the Religion of Humanity, the godless form of religious humanism that was introduced by Auguste Comte, as a distinct form of positivism. Co ...
at
Wadham College
Wadham College () is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. It is located in the centre of Oxford, at the intersection of Broad Street and Parks Road.
Wadham College was founded in 1610 by Dorothy W ...
. He was also allied to the ''
Manchester Guardian
''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers ''The Observer'' and ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Gu ...
s supporters, typefied by his friend
Leonard Hobhouse
Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse, FBA (8 September 1864 – 21 June 1929) was an English liberal political theorist and sociologist, who has been considered one of the leading and earliest proponents of social liberalism. His works, culminating in ...
; and helped
C. P. Scott
Charles Prestwich Scott (26 October 1846 – 1 January 1932), usually cited as C. P. Scott, was a British journalist, publisher and politician. Born in Bath, Somerset, he was the editor of the ''Manchester Guardian'' (now ''the Guardian'') ...
recruit Hobhouse to the newspaper in 1897.
Works
*''Introduction to Greek Prose Composition'' (1876), a standard work that went through many editions.
*''Form Discipline'' (1886)
*Henry Sidgwick, ''Miscellaneous Essays and Addresses'' (1904), editor with
Eleanor Sidgwick
Eleanor Mildred Sidgwick (née Balfour; 11 March 1845 – 10 February 1936), known as Nora to her family and friends, was a physics researcher assisting Lord Rayleigh, an activist for the higher education of women, Principal of Newnham College o ...
*''Henry Sidgwick: A Memoir'' (1906), with Eleanor Sidgwick
Editions
*Homer's ''Iliad'' books i. ii. (1887)
*Aeschylus. ''Choephoroi'' (1884)
Family
Sidgwick married in 1873, in the hiatus from teaching at Rugby School caused by his quarrel with Hayman, Charlotte Sophia Wilson, sister of
James Maurice Wilson, a colleague on the teaching staff. Their five children included
Rose Sidgwick
Rose Sidgwick (Rugby, 1877 – New York, 1918), was a British university teacher and one of the founders of the International Federation of University Women.
Life and career
Rose was born on 9 January 1877, the second daughter of Charlotte Sophi ...
and the publisher Frank Sidgwick.
Notes
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sidgwick, Arthur
1840 births
1920 deaths
English classical scholars
English biographers
Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge
Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Oxford