Arthur Roden Cutler

Sir Arthur Roden Cutler, (24 May 1916 – 21 February 2002) was an Australian diplomat, the longest serving Governor of New South Wales and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry "in the face of the enemy" that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth armed forces.

Early life

Arthur Roden Cutler was born on 24 May 1916. His cousin, Sir Charles Cutler, was Deputy Premier of New South Wales from 1965 to 1975. Arthur grew up in the Sydney Harbour suburb of Manly where he attended the Manly Village Public School. At the age of 15 he enrolled at Sydney Boys High School. After school, he worked for the Texas Company Australasia, which later became Texaco. He studied economics during the night at the University of Sydney and joined the Sydney University Regiment in 1936.

On 10 November 1939, he was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Sydney University Regiment. He enjoyed all sports, especially riding, rifle shooting and water polo, and was awarded a University Blue in swimming. As an 18-year-old lifesaver, he swam to the aid of a surfer who was being circled by a large shark. The shark brushed him twice as he helped the surfer to the beach.

In May 1940, he volunteered for overseas service with the Second Australian Imperial Force, receiving a commission in the 2/5th Field Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery, 7th Division.

Military service

In 1941, Cutler served with the 2/5th in the Syria-Lebanon Campaign. During the period between 19 June and 6 July, in the Merdjayoun-Damour area of Syria, and as part of the Battle of Merdjayoun, Lieutenant Cutler's exploits included repairing a telephone line under heavy fire, repulsing enemy tank attacks, setting up an outpost to bring fire to a road used by the enemy and, with a 25-pound field gun, demolishing a post threatening the Australian advance. Later, during the Battle of Damour, he was seriously wounded and when rescued 26 hours later his leg had to be amputated. Cutler received the Victoria Cross for his actions in the Merdjayoun-Damour area, ''(VC)'' and was medically discharged in 1942.

VC citation

''War Office, 28 November 1941.''

The KING has been graciously pleased to approve the award of the VICTORIA CROSS to the under-mentioned:—

Lieutenant Arthur Roden Cutler (NX.12378), Australian Military Forces.

For most conspicuous and sustained gallantry during the Syrian Campaign and for outstanding bravery during the bitter fighting at Merdjayoun when this artillery officer became a byword amongst the forward troops with whom he worked.

At Merdjayoun on the 19 June 1941 our infantry attack was checked after suffering heavy casualties from an enemy counter attack with tanks. Enemy machine gun fire swept the ground but Lieutenant Cutler with another artillery officer and a small party pushed on ahead of the infantry and established an outpost in a house. The telephone line was cut and he went out and mended this line under machine gun fire and returned to the house, from which enemy posts and a battery were successfully engaged.

The enemy then attacked this outpost with infantry and tanks, killing the Bren gunner and mortally wounding the other officer. Lieutenant Cutler and another manned the anti-tank rifle and Bren gun and fought back driving the enemy infantry away. The tanks continued the attack, but under constant fire from the anti-tank rifle and Bren gun eventually withdrew. Lieutenant Cutler then personally supervised the evacuation of the wounded members of his party. Undaunted he pressed for a further advance. He had been ordered to establish an outpost from which he could register the only road by which the enemy transport could enter the town. With a small party of volunteers he pressed on until finally with one other he succeeded in establishing an outpost right in the town, which was occupied by the Foreign Legion, despite enemy machine gun fire which prevented our infantry from advancing.

At this time Lieutenant Cutler knew the enemy were massing on his left for a counter attack and that he was in danger of being cut off. Nevertheless he carried out his task of registering the battery on the road and engaging enemy posts. The enemy counter attacked with infantry and tanks and he was cut off. He was forced to go to ground, but after dark succeeded in making his way through the enemy lines. His work in registering the only road by which enemy transport could enter the town was of vital importance and a big factor in the enemy's subsequent retreat.

On the night of 23–24 June he was in charge of a 25-pounder sent forward into our forward defended localities to silence an enemy anti-tank gun and post which had held up our attack. This he did and next morning the recapture of Merdjayoun was completed.

Later at Damour on 6 July when our forward infantry were pinned to the ground by
heavy hostile machine gun fire Lieutenant Cutler, regardless of all danger, went to bring a line to his outpost when he was seriously wounded. Twenty-six hours elapsed before it was possible to rescue this officer, whose wound by this time had become septic necessitating the amputation of his leg.

Throughout the Campaign this officer's courage was unparalleled and his work was a big factor in the recapture of Merdjayoun. ''London Gazette''

Personal

Cutler married Helen Morris on 28 May 1946. They had four sons. She died on 8 November 1990 at St Vincent's Hospital.

Cutler remarried in 1993 to Joan Goodwin.

Diplomatic and vice-regal career

Following the war, Cutler began a long career in the Australian diplomatic service. At the age of 29 he was appointed High Commissioner to New Zealand (1946–52). Other postings within the Commonwealth followed; he served in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) (1952–55) and was the Australian Minister in Egypt during the Suez Crisis in 1956. As a result of his service in Egypt, Cutler was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1957 New Years Honours.Commander of the Order of the British Empire (Civil)
CBE(C), 1 January 1957, itsanhonour.gov.au
Citation: ''Envoy and Minister to Egypt''.

Cutler acted as Secretary-General of the South-East Asia Council of Ministers meeting in Canberra in January 1957 and became Chief of Protocol of the Department of External Affairs (1957–58). Cutler was also State President of the Returned Services League in 1958. He was Australian High Commissioner in Pakistan, (1958–61), and Australian Consul-General in New York, (1961–65), during which period he was the Australian delegate to the United Nations General Assembly in 1962, 1963 and 1964 and was the Australian Representative to independence of the Republic of Somalia in 1960.

For his diplomatic services to Australia, he was honoured by The Queen as a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in December 1965. ''(KCMG)''
KCMG
itsanhonour.gov.au
Citation: ''Governor designate of New South Wales''. He was further honoured as a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) in 1970. ''(KCVO)''
KCVO
itsanhonour.gov.au
Citation: ''Governor of New South Wales 1966–81''. He was appointed a Knight of the Order of Australia (AK) in 1981.Knight of the Order of Australia
AK, 7 April 1981, itsanhonour.gov.au
Citation: ''In recognition of service to the Crown. By His Excellency's Command, David I. Smith, Official Secretary to the Governor General. Commonwealth of Australia Gazette No. S62A 7 April 1981.''

His final diplomatic posting, in 1965, as Ambassador to the Netherlands, was cut short in 1966 when he returned home as Governor of New South Wales, an office he served for a record 15 years, through four Premiers, and a change of government after eleven years of conservative rule. Such was his popularity that the Labor Premier, Neville Wran, extended his last term until 1981.

As the longest-serving state governor, Cutler occasionally acted as Administrator of the Commonwealth of Australia in the absence of the Governor-General. He acted as Administrator during Sir John Kerr's term from 20 February – 13 March 1975, 12–24 May 1975, 16–17 September 1975, 23 December 1975 – 3 February 1976, 26 April – 14 June 1977 and finally 23–28 August 1977. Cutler was also scheduled to act during November 1975, when Kerr had planned an overseas holiday. However, in view of the developing situation in Canberra, Kerr cancelled his travel bookings. In 1975, Cutler's advice to Kerr that he should warn Prime Minister Gough Whitlam of his impending dismissal, was ignored. Cutler later said that, had he been Administrator at the time, he would certainly have accepted his prime minister's advice and he would have allowed the parliament to resolve the issue without recourse to any such drastic action as dismissal.

Later life

Following the end of his term as governor, Cutler was given various chairmanships and business appointments, including as chairman of Ansett Express (1981–92) and the State Bank of New South Wales (1981–86). Throughout the republican debate and referendum he remained a staunch monarchist and proud Australian, believing the monarchy brought stability, continuity and tradition to his country. He co-operated with the popular Australian novelist Colleen McCullough on a biography, ''Roden Cutler, VC'', which appeared in 1998.

Cutler died on 22 February 2002 following a long illness. He was accorded the rare honour of a State Funeral on 28 February 2002 by the New South Wales Government.

Legacy

In 1968 the first in a new class of Sydney Harbour ferries was named the ''Lady Cutler''.

A 19-storey commercial/office building completed in 1975 at 24 Campbell Street, Sydney, was named in his honour.

The highway interchange between three motorways at Casula in south-west Sydney is named in his honour as the Sir Roden Cutler VC Memorial Interchange.

Sir Roden & Lady Cutler Foundation

The Sir Roden & Lady Cutler Foundation helps the elderly and physically handicapped to be mobile and also with transport to and from their medical appointments. Many people have contributed to this cause, notably Cutler's former high school, Sydney Boys High, and his primary school, Manly Village, which also dedicated memorials to Cutler on the 90th anniversary of his birth.

Honours

;Appointments
* Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Australia (Hon.FCA).

;Honorary degrees
* 1967: Honorary Doctor of Laws (Hon.LLD), University of Sydney.
* 1967: Honorary Doctor of Science (Hon.DSc), University of New South Wales and Newcastle (NSW).
* 19 June 1981: Honorary Doctor of Letters (Hon.DLitt), University of New England.
* 1985: Honorary Doctor of Letters (Hon.DLitt), University of Wollongong.

;Honorary military appointments
* 22 August 196612 March 1985: Honorary Colonel of the Royal New South Wales Regiment.
* 12 September 196612 March 1985: Honorary Colonel of the Sydney University Regiment.
* 20 January 19668 July 1981: Honorary Air Commodore of No. 22 Squadron, Royal Australian Air Force.

External links

Sir Roden & Lady Cutler Foundation

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cutler, Arthur Roden
1916 births
2002 deaths
People from Sydney
Australian Army officers
Australian Army personnel of World War II
Australian World War II recipients of the Victoria Cross
Australian monarchists
Governors of New South Wales
Knights of the Order of Australia
Australian Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Australian Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
Australian Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Knights of Justice of the Order of St John
People educated at Sydney Boys High School
Ambassadors of Australia to Egypt
Ambassadors of Australia to the Netherlands
High Commissioners of Australia to New Zealand
High Commissioners of Australia to Sri Lanka
High Commissioners of Australia to Pakistan
Consuls-General of Australia in New York
University of Sydney alumni
Australian amputees
Honorary air commodores of the Royal Australian Air Force
Military personnel from New South Wales
People from Manly, New South Wales
State Bank of New South Wales