Arthur Menachem Hantke

Arthur Menachem Hantke (March 5, 1874 – October 9, 1955) was a jurist, lawyer and economist, one of the leaders of Zionist movement in Germany and one of the leaders of the Zionist fundraising organization Keren Hayesod.

Biography

Arthur Hantke was born in Berlin into a Jewish religious family from Posen, and received a traditional Jewish education. He studied at the Humboldt University of Berlin and the University of Freiburg, and graduated as a doctor of law. He opened his own law firm in 1900. From 1909 he was married to Edith née Heiman (died in Jerusalem in 1949) and was the father of Yonatan (Theodore) Hantke.

Zionist activism

As a student he was influenced by Russian Jews and approached the Zionist idea, in 1893 he was among the founders of the Jewish Humanities Society (Jüdische Humanitätsgesellschaft), a national Jewish organization in Berlin. He later joined the Zionist Organization and from 1901 was a delegate to all Zionist congresses.

In 1903, he was elected to the board of directors of the Jewish National Fund, where he held until 1928. In 1910 he was appointed chairman of the Zionist Organization in Germany, a position he held until 1920. In 1911 he was elected to the Zionist Executive in Berlin.

With the outbreak of the First World War, he transferred with Otto Warburg the Zionist Executive to Copenhagen, which was neutral, and at the same time worked with the aid of the Jews of Eastern Europe who were under German occupation and with the Germans trying to influence the Turks not to destroy the Jewish community in Eretz Israel. He opposed the establishment of the Jewish Legion because he wanted the Zionists to remain neutral. He gladly accepted the Balfour Declaration and worked to receive parallel statements from the Central Powers.

Following the deportation of the Jewish population of Tel-Aviv and Jaffa during World War I by the Ottoman commander Djemal Pasha, Zionist support for the Entente grew. In an attempt to undermine the Entente's war effort, the German government attempted to elicit Zionist support. Hentke met with Ottokar Czernin, the foreign minister of Austria-Hungary, and received the following statement:Reshaping Palestine: From Muhammad Ali to the British Mandate, 1831–1922
Praeger, 1999, Martin Sicker, pp. 134–135

In 1919, he initiated the establishment of the Central Zionist Archives. With the establishment of Keren Hayesod, he was appointed head of the Fund's Central European Department. In 1926 he was appointed as a director of the Keren Hayesod and immigrated to Israel, where the Central Bureau of the Fund was located. In 1933 he was appointed to head Keren Hayesod. As part of his job, he was required to deal with the issue of the immigration of German Jews after the Nazis came to power.

Death and legacy

Hantke died in 1955 in Jerusalem.

Even Menachem, a moshav in Northern Israel, is named for him, as are streets in Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, Haifa, Kiryat Motzkin, and Kiryat Bialik.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hantke, Arthur Menachem
1874 births
1955 deaths
German emigrants to Mandatory Palestine
German Zionists
Jurists from Berlin
University of Freiburg alumni
Humboldt University of Berlin alumni