Arthur Foley Winnington-Ingram (26 January 1858 – 26 May 1946) was

Bishop of London A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ca ...

from 1901 to 1939.

Early life and career

He was born in the rectory at

Stanford-on-Teme Stanford-on-Teme is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Stanford with Orleton, in the Malvern Hills district in the county of Worcestershire, England. In 1931 the parish had a population of 144. History Stanford Court, a Gra ...

Worcestershire Worcestershire ( , ; written abbreviation: Worcs) is a county in the West Midlands of England. The area that is now Worcestershire was absorbed into the unified Kingdom of England in 927, at which time it was constituted as a county (see H ...

, the fourth son of Edward Winnington-Ingram (a

Church of England The Church of England (C of E) is the established Christian church in England and the mother church of the international Anglican Communion. It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britai ...

priest and

Rector Rector (Latin for the member of a vessel's crew who steers) may refer to: Style or title *Rector (ecclesiastical), a cleric who functions as an administrative leader in some Christian denominations *Rector (academia), a senior official in an edu ...

of Stanford) and of Louisa (daughter of Henry Pepys, Bishop of Worcester). Winnington-Ingram was educated at Marlborough College and Keble College, Oxford; he graduated with second-class honours in Literae Humaniores ('Greats') in 1881. His younger brother Edward and his nephew (Edward's son)

Arthur Arthur is a common male given name of Brythonic origin. Its popularity derives from it being the name of the legendary hero King Arthur. The etymology is disputed. It may derive from the Celtic ''Artos'' meaning “Bear”. Another theory, more wi ...

were both priests who became Archdeacons of Hereford. Another nephew of his was

Reginald Pepys Winnington-Ingram Reginald Pepys Winnington-Ingram, FBA (22 January 1904 – 3 January 1993) was a British classicist, an authority on Greek tragedy and ancient Greek music. Life Reginald Pepys Winnington-Ingram was born in Sherborne, Dorset on 22 January 1904, ...

, a scholar of

Greek tragedy Greek tragedy is a form of theatre from Ancient Greece and Greek inhabited Anatolia. It reached its most significant form in Athens in the 5th century BC, the works of which are sometimes called Attic tragedy. Greek tragedy is widely believed t ...

and Professor of Greek at

King's College, London King's College London (informally King's or KCL) is a public university, public research university located in London, England. King's was established by royal charter in 1829 under the patronage of George IV of the United Kingdom, King G ...

. He was a private tutor in Europe, 1881–84; curate at St Mary's, Shrewsbury, 1884–85; private chaplain to the

Bishop of Lichfield The Bishop of Lichfield is the ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Lichfield in the Province of Canterbury. The diocese covers 4,516 km2 (1,744 sq. mi.) of the counties of Powys, Staffordshire, Shropshire, Warwickshire and Wes ...

, 1885–89; head of Oxford House Settlement,

Bethnal Green Bethnal Green is an area in the East End of London northeast of Charing Cross. The area emerged from the small settlement which developed around the Green, much of which survives today as Bethnal Green Gardens, beside Cambridge Heath Road. By ...

1889–97, chaplain to the

Archbishop of York The archbishop of York is a senior bishop in the Church of England, second only to the archbishop of Canterbury. The archbishop is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of York and the metropolitan bishop of the province of York, which covers th ...

, 1889; rector of St Matthew's, Bethnal Green, 1895;

rural dean In the Roman Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion as well as some Lutheran denominations, a rural dean is a member of clergy who presides over a "rural deanery" (often referred to as a deanery); "ruridecanal" is the corresponding adjective ...

of Spitalfields, 1896; and

canon Canon or Canons may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Canon (fiction), the conceptual material accepted as official in a fictional universe by its fan base * Literary canon, an accepted body of works considered as high culture ** Western ca ...

of St Paul's Cathedral, 1897.

Episcopal career

In 1897, Winnington-Ingram was raised to the

episcopate A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ca ...

as the second suffragan

Bishop of Stepney The Bishop of Stepney is an episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of London, in the Province of Canterbury, England. The title takes its name after Stepney, an inner-city district in the London Borough of T ...

. In 1901, after the death of

Mandell Creighton Mandell Creighton (; 5 July 1843 – 14 January 1901) was a British historian and a bishop of the Church of England. A scholar of the Renaissance papacy, Creighton was the first occupant of the Dixie Chair of Ecclesiastical History at the ...

, he was nominated to the See of London, and he was in the same year appointed as a

Privy Counsellor The Privy Council (PC), officially His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the sovereign of the United Kingdom. Its membership mainly comprises senior politicians who are current or former members of ei ...

. As a preacher he proved very successful. He was a leader in social work in London's East End. As an administrator he has been judged inefficient in maintaining standards among the clergy in comparison with his disciplinarian-minded successor

Geoffrey Fisher Geoffrey Francis Fisher, Baron Fisher of Lambeth, (5 May 1887 – 15 September 1972) was an English Anglican priest, and 99th Archbishop of Canterbury, serving from 1945 to 1961. From a long line of parish priests, Fisher was educated at Marlb ...

, a feature aggravated by his lengthy tenure.

First World War

During the

First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

Winnington-Ingram threw himself into supporting the war effort. He saw the war as a "great crusade to defend the weak against the strong" and accepted uncritically stories of German atrocities. For a clergyman the language he used about the German people verged on xenophobia and

H. H. Asquith Herbert Henry Asquith, 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith, (12 September 1852 – 15 February 1928), generally known as H. H. Asquith, was a British statesman and Liberal Party politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom f ...

, Prime Minister at the outbreak of the war, described his pitch as "jingoism of the shallowest kind". He spoke in aid of recruiting drives and later in the war urged his younger clergy to consider enlisting as combatants. Chaplain from 1901 to the

London Rifle Brigade The London Rifle Brigade was a volunteer regiment of the British Army. History The regiment was first raised in the City of London on 14 December 1859 as 1st London (City of London Volunteer Rifle Brigade) Rifle Volunteer Corps, a rifle volun ...

and London Royal Naval Volunteers, he visited the troops on both the Western Front and at

Salonika Thessaloniki (; el, Θεσσαλονίκη, , also known as Thessalonica (), Saloniki, or Salonica (), is the second-largest city in Greece, with over one million inhabitants in its metropolitan area, and the capital of the geographic region of ...

, and the

Grand Fleet The Grand Fleet was the main battlefleet of the Royal Navy during the First World War. It was established in August 1914 and disbanded in April 1919. Its main base was Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands. History Formed in August 1914 from the F ...

Rosyth Rosyth ( gd, Ros Fhìobh, "headland of Fife") is a town on the Firth of Forth, south of the centre of Dunfermline. According to the census of 2011, the town has a population of 13,440. The new town was founded as a Garden city-style suburb ...

and Scapa Flow.Article by Jeremy Morris. A despatch from Field Marshal French portrayed Winnington-Ingram's visit to the Western Front; "The Bishop held several services virtually under shell fire, and it was with difficulty that he could be prevented from carrying on his ministrations under rifle fire in the trenches." Such apparent derring-do and appeals to patriotism strengthened his reputation as a 'people's bishop'. Winnington-Ingram was renowned as a charismatic preacher and persuasive writer, and he was arguably better known and more influential than either of the archbishops. Examples of his persuasive vocabulary can be traced throughout the War in the monthly ''London Diocesan Magazine'', often quoted in the press: "Now, Jerusalem is a beautiful place, but England is far more beautiful", "We face possibly another year of war, but it is God’s War; it is War for peace; it is a War for all the things which are essential to lasting peace, freedom, respect for national aspirations, international honour and chivalry to the weak", "Great Britain has risen like a tower out of the deep and stands today higher in the opinion of the world than it has since

Trafalgar Trafalgar most often refers to: * Battle of Trafalgar (1805), fought near Cape Trafalgar, Spain * Trafalgar Square, a public space and tourist attraction in London, England It may also refer to: Music * ''Trafalgar'' (album), by the Bee Gees Pl ...

and Waterloo". For his war work he was Mentioned in Despatches and awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer (

Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders ...

) and the

Order of St Sava The Royal Order of St. Sava is an Order of merit, first awarded by the Kingdom of Serbia in 1883 and later by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. It was awarded to nationals and foreigners for meritorious ach ...

, 1st Class (

Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin and the Balkans. It shares land borders with Hungar ...

Later life and legacy

On 22 May 1946, Winnington-Ingram was taken ill while playing

golf Golf is a club-and-ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible. Golf, unlike most ball games, cannot and does not use a standardized playing area, and coping ...

and he died a few days later on 26 May 1946 in

Upton-upon-Severn Upton-upon-Severn (or Upton on Severn, etc. and locally simply Upton) is a town and civil parish in the Malvern Hills District of Worcestershire, England. Lying on the A4104 (formerly A440), the 2011 census recorded a population of 2,881 for th ...

, Worcestershire. His remains were buried at St Paul's Cathedral. He never married, although while Bishop of Stepney he was briefly engaged to Lady Ulrica Duncombe, a friend of

Queen Alexandra Alexandra of Denmark (Alexandra Caroline Marie Charlotte Louise Julia; 1 December 1844 – 20 November 1925) was List of British royal consorts, Queen of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Empress of India, from 22 January 1901 t ...

and daughter of William Ernest Duncombe, 1st Earl of Feversham of Ryedale and Mabel Violet Graham. Australian sculptor Theodora Cowan created a portrait bust of Dr Winnington-Ingram which "took pride of place" in her one-woman show at London's

Grafton Galleries The Grafton Galleries, often referred to as the Grafton Gallery, was an art gallery in Mayfair, London. The French art dealer Paul Durand-Ruel showed the first major exhibition in Britain of Impressionist paintings there in 1905. Roger Fry' ...

. He is commemorated in some of the street names in

Hampstead Garden Suburb Hampstead Garden Suburb is an elevated suburb of London, north of Hampstead, west of Highgate and east of Golders Green. It is known for its intellectual, liberal, artistic, musical and literary associations. It is an example of early twentie ...

The Bishops Avenue The Bishops Avenue, London N2, connects the north side of Hampstead Heath at Kenwood (Hampstead Lane), Hampstead to East Finchley and is on the boundary between the London Boroughs of Barnet and Haringey. It is considered to be one of the w ...

, Winnington Road and Ingram Avenue; and Bishop Winnington-Ingram

Primary School A primary school (in Ireland, the United Kingdom, Australia, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, and South Africa), junior school (in Australia), elementary school or grade school (in North America and the Philippines) is a school for primary e ...

Ruislip Ruislip ( ) is an area in the London Borough of Hillingdon in West London, and in the historic county of Middlesex. Ruislip lies west-north-west of Charing Cross, London. The manor of Ruislip appears in the Domesday Book, and some of the ear ...

. A wide public was familiar with Winnington-Ingram through numerous illustrations of various kinds, including cartoons; the National Portrait Gallery catalogues a collection of fifty-three portraits. There is a portrait in

Keble College Keble College () is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. Its main buildings are on Parks Road, opposite the University Museum and the University Parks. The college is bordered to the north by Keble Road, to ...

Hall.

Works

Unless otherwise indicated, all titles sourced from his sketch in ''Crockford's Clerical Directory 1938'': *''Old Testament Difficulties'' (1890) *''New Testament Difficulties'' (1892) *''Church Difficulties'' (1893) *''Work in Great Cities'' (1895) *''Messengers, Watchmen, Stewards'' (1896) *''The Men Who Crucified Christ'' (1896) *''Friends of the Master'' (1897) *''Banners of the Christian Faith'' (1899) *''Popular Objections to Christianity'' (1899) *''The Afterglow of a Great Reign'' (1901) *''Under the Dome'' (1902) *''Addresses in Holy Week'' (1902) *''Faith of Church and Nation'' (1904) *''Lenten Addresses'' (1905) *''The Gospel in Action'' (1906) *''A mission of the Spirit'' (1906) *''The Call of the Father'' (1907) *''The Love of the Trinity'' (1908) *''Joy in God'' (1909) *''Into the Fighting Line'' (1909) *''The Mysteries of God'' (1910) *''Secrets of Strength'' (1911) *''The Attractiveness of Goodness'' (1913) *''The Gospel of the Miraculous'' (1913) *''A Day of God'' (1914) *''The Eyes of Flames'' (1914) *''The Church in time of war'' (1915) *''The Potter and the Clay'' (1917) *''Rays of Dawn'' (1918) *''Victory and After'' (1919) *''Spirit of Peace'' (1921) *''Rebuilding the Walls'' (1922) *''The Spirit of Jesus'' (1925) *''The Sword of Goliath'' (1926) *''Some World Problems'' (1927) *''Holiday Recollections of a World Tour'' (1928) *''Why am I a Christian?'' (1929) *''Good News from God'' (1930) *''What the Cross Means to Me'' (1934) *''Has God spoken to man?'' (1934) *''Has the Kingdom of God Arrived?'' (1935) *''Nine Christian Virtues'' (1936) *''Every Man's Problems and Difficulties'' (1937) *''What a Layman Should Believe'' (1938) *''The Secrets of Happiness'' (1939) *''Fifty Years' Work in London'' (1940) * ''Secrets of Fortitude'' (1940)

References

Spencer Cecil Carpenter Spencer Cecil Carpenter (3 November 1877 – 19 August 1959) was an Anglican priest and author. He was the Dean of Exeter in the Church of England from 1935 to 1950. Carpenter was educated at University College School and Gonville and Caius ...

, ''Winnington-Ingram. The biography of Arthur Foley Winnington-Ingram, Bishop of London, 1901-1939'' (1949) *Percy Colson, ''Life of the Bishop of London: An Authorised Biography; A Tribute on His Jubilee 1885-1935'' (1935)

External links

* * *
Bibliographic directory
from Project Canterbury
DNB entry
{{DEFAULTSORT:Winnington-Ingram, Arthur 1858 births 1946 deaths 19th-century Church of England bishops 20th-century Church of England bishops Alumni of Keble College, Oxford Bishops of London Bishops of Stepney Burials at St Paul's Cathedral Deans of the Chapel Royal English military chaplains Grand Crosses of the Order of St. Sava Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom People educated at Marlborough College People from Fulham People from Malvern Hills District Royal Army Chaplains' Department officers Royal Navy chaplains World War I chaplains