The Hawaiian archipelago consists of 137 islands in the Pacific Ocean that are far from any other land. Polynesians arrived there one to two thousand years ago, and in 1778 Captain

James Cook James Cook (7 November 1728 Old Style date: 27 October – 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the British Royal Navy, famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean an ...

and his crew became the first Europeans to visit Hawaii (which they called the Sandwich Islands). The art created in these islands may be divided into art existing prior to Cook’s arrival; art produced by recently arrived westerners; and art produced by Hawaiians incorporating western materials and ideas. Public collections of Hawaiian art may be found at the Honolulu Museum of Art, the

Bishop Museum The Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, designated the Hawaii State Museum of Natural and Cultural History, is a museum of history and science in the historic Kalihi district of Honolulu on the Hawaiian island of Oʻahu. Founded in 1889, it is the lar ...

(Honolulu), the

Hawaii State Art Museum The No. 1 Capitol District Building, on the site of the former Armed Services YMCA Building, now houses the Hawaii State Art Museum and the Hawaii State Foundation on Culture and the Arts. History While they were both in the cabinet, under King ...

and the University of Göttingen in Germany. In 1967, Hawaii became the first state in the nation to implement a Percent for Art law. The Art in State Buildings Law established the Art in Public Places Program and designated one percent of the construction costs of new public schools and state buildings for the acquisition of works of art, either by commission or by purchase.

Art prior to Cook's arrival

Art existing prior to Cook’s arrival is very similar to the art of other Pacific Islanders. This art includes wood carvings, feather work,

petroglyph A petroglyph is an image created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving, or abrading, as a form of rock art. Outside North America, scholars often use terms such as "carving", "engraving", or other descriptions ...

s, bark cloth (called kapa in Hawaiian and

tapa Tapa, TAPA, Tapas or Tapasya may refer to: Media *Tapas (website), a webtoon site, formerly known as Tapastic * ''Tapas'' (film), a 2005 Spanish film * ''Tapasya'' (1976 film), an Indian Hindi-language film * ''Tapasya'' (1992 film), a Nepalese f ...

elsewhere in the Pacific) and tattoos. Native Hawaiians had neither metal nor woven cloth. Production of this art continued after Cook’s arrival. A few craftsmen still produce traditional Hawaiian arts, either to sell to tourists or to preserve native culture.

Art produced by visitors

Some of the first westerners to visit Hawaii were artists—both professional and amateur. Many of the explorers’ ships had professional artists to record their discoveries. These artists sketched and painted Hawaii’s people and landscapes using imported materials and concepts. Artists in this category include

Alfred Thomas Agate Alfred Thomas Agate (February 14, 1812 – January 5, 1846) was a noted American artist, painter and miniaturist. Agate lived in New York from 1831 to 1838. He studied with his brother, Frederick Styles Agate, a portrait and historical painter ...

(American 1812-1849),

Mabel Alvarez Mabel Alvarez (November 28, 1891 – March 13, 1985) was an American painter. Her works, often introspective and spiritual in nature, and her style is considered a contributing factor to the Southern California Modernism and California Impressi ...

(American 1891-1985), Auguste Borget (French 1809-1877), George Henry Burgess (English 1831-1905), Jean Charlot (French 1898-1979), Nicholas Chevalier (1828-1902), Louis Choris ( German– Ukrainian 1795-1828), Ernest William Christmas (

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

n 1863- 1918), Amelia R. Coats (American), Constance Fredericka Gordon Cumming (

Scottish Scottish usually refers to something of, from, or related to Scotland, including: *Scottish Gaelic, a Celtic Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family native to Scotland *Scottish English *Scottish national identity, the Scottish ide ...

1837-1924),

Robert Dampier Robert Dampier (1799–1874) was a British artist and clergyman. Life Dampier was born in 1799 in the village of Codford St Peter in Wiltshire, England. He was baptised on 20 December 1799. He was one of 13 children of Codford St Peter's rect ...

( English 1800-1874), Stanislas-Henri-Benoit Darondeau (

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

(1807-1841), John La Farge (American 1835-1910),

Ejler Andreas Jorgensen Ejler Andreas Christoffer Jorgensen aka Eiler Jørgensen (July 16, 1838 – December 17, 1876) was a Danish-American landscape and portrait painter Biography Eiler Jørgensen was born in Sømme Herred in Roskilde, Denmark. He was the eldest son ...

( Danish 1838-1876), Georgia O'Keeffe (American 1887-1986),

Roi George Partridge George Roy Partridge (October 14, 1888 – January 25, 1984), also known professionally as Roi Partridge, was an American printmaker and teacher. He was born in Centralia, Washington. At age four he moved with his family to Seattle, where his fath ...

(American 1888-1984),

Ambrose McCarthy Patterson Ambrose McCarthy Patterson (29 June 1877 – 26 December 1966) was a painter and printmaker. Life Patterson was born in Daylesford, Victoria. He studied at the Melbourne Art School under E. Phillips Fox and Tudor St. George Tucker, at the Nati ...

(Australian 1877-1967), Enoch Wood Perry, Jr. (American 1831-1915), James Gay Sawkins (British 1806-1878),

Eduardo Lefebvre Scovell Eduardo Lefebvre Scovell (1864–1918) was a British artist. He is one of the Volcano School, a group of non-native artists who painted dramatic nocturnal scenes of Hawaii's erupting volcanoes. Following his education at Eton College and the ...

(English 1864-1918),

Joseph Henry Sharp Joseph Henry Sharp (September 27, 1859 – August 29, 1953) was an American painter and a founding member of the Taos Society of Artists, of which he is considered the "Spiritual Father". Sharp was one of the earliest European-American artists t ...

(American 1859-1953), John Mix Stanley (American 1814-1872),

Joseph Dwight Strong Joseph Dwight Strong, Jr. (1853–1899) was an American artist and illustrator, known for his paintings. He was active between 1870s until 1899, in the San Francisco Bay Area, Monterey, Kingdom of Hawaii, and Samoa. Early life and education Jos ...

(American 1852-1899),

Augustus Vincent Tack Augustus Vincent Tack (1870–1949) was an American painter of portraits, landscapes and abstractions. Early years Tack was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and moved with his family to New York in 1883. After graduating from St. Francis Xavier ...

(American 1870-1949),

Adrien Taunay the younger Adrien Taunay the Younger (1803 – 5 January 1828) was a French painter and draftsman. He was born in Paris in 1803, the son of history and genre painter Nicolas-Antoine Taunay (1755–1830). Adrien moved to Rio de Janeiro in 1816, accompanyi ...

(French 1803-1828), Jules Tavernier (French 1844-1889), William Pinkney Toler (American 1826-1899), Hubert Vos ( Dutch 1855-1935),

Lionel Walden Lionel Walden (May 22, 1862WALDEN, Lionel
in '' John Webber John Webber (6 October 1751 – 29 May 1793) was an English artist who accompanied Captain Cook on his third Pacific expedition. He is best known for his images of Australasia, Hawaii and Alaska. Biography Webber was born in London, edu ...

(

Swiss Swiss may refer to: * the adjectival form of Switzerland * Swiss people Places * Swiss, Missouri * Swiss, North Carolina *Swiss, West Virginia * Swiss, Wisconsin Other uses *Swiss-system tournament, in various games and sports *Swiss Internation ...

-English 1752-1793) and Theodore Wores (American 1859-1939). Night scenes of erupting volcanoes were especially popular, giving rise to The Volcano School.

Art produced by Hawaiians and long-term residents

Artworks produced by Hawaii’s native born and long-term residents incorporating western materials and ideas include paintings on canvas and quilts. They may be distinctly Hawaiian in subject matter or as diverse as their places of origin. Most of the art currently produced in Hawaii falls into this third category. Notable artists in this category include sculptor Satoru Abe (born Hawaii 1926-), woodcarver

Fritz Abplanalp Fritz Abplanalp (1907–1977) was a Swiss woodcarver. Life Born in Brienz, Switzerland, at 18 years of age, after completing a three-year curriculum in woodcarving, he answered an advertisement to work on the interior of the Episcopalian Conv ...

(born Switzerland 1907-1982), sculptor Bumpei Akaji (born Hawaii 1921-2002),

Charles W. Bartlett Charles William Bartlett (1 June 186016 April 1940) was an English painter and printmaker who settled in Hawaii. Biography Bartlett studied metallurgy and worked in that field for several years. At age 23, he enrolled in the Royal Aca ...

(born San Francisco 1860-1940), sculptor Marguerite Louis Blasingame (born Hawaii 1906-1947), sculptor

Edward M. Brownlee Edward Malcolm Brownlee (1929-2013) was an American sculptor known for his modernist architectural creations with a style influenced by the art of Oceania, Asia, and the Pacific Northwest. He is best known for his work in Hawaii, where he was a fre ...

(born Oregon 1929-), Isami Doi (born Hawaii 1903-1965), Paul Emmert (born Switzerland 1826-1867), Robert Lee Eskridge (born Pennsylvania 1891-1975), ceramicist

Sally Fletcher-Murchison Sally Fletcher-Murchison is an American ceramic artist who was born in Sacramento, California in 1933. She grew up there and received a Bachelor of Fine Art (BFA) in advertising art from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1955. Sh ...

(born Hawaii 1933-),

Cornelia MacIntyre Foley Cornelia MacIntyre Foley (January 31, 1909 – January 18, 2010) was an American painter from Hawaii. Biography Cornelia MacIntyre was born in Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii on January 31, 1909. She began her art training under the first art ...

(born Hawaii 1909-),

Juliette May Fraser Juliette May Fraser (January 27, 1887 – July 31, 1983) was an American painter, muralist and printmaker. She was born in Honolulu, which was then the capital city of the Kingdom of Hawaii. After graduating from Wellesley College with a de ...

(born Hawaii 1887-1983), Charles Furneaux (born Boston 1835-1913), Hon Chew Hee (born Hawaii 1906-1993), D. Howard Hitchcock (born Hawaii 1861-1943),

Ogura Yonesuke Itoh Ogura Yonesuke Itoh (1870–1940) was a Japanese-American artist. He was born in Japan in 1870. At 25 years of age, he jumped ship in Hawaii and hid from the authorities in Punchbowl Crater. He became a member of Hawaii’s volcano school of ...

(born Japan 1870-1940),

Princess Kaiulani Princess is a regal rank and the feminine equivalent of prince (from Latin ''princeps'', meaning principal citizen). Most often, the term has been used for the consort of a prince, or for the daughter of a king or prince. Princess as a subst ...

(born Hawaii 1875-1899),

Herb Kawainui Kane In general use, herbs are a widely distributed and widespread group of plants, excluding vegetables and other plants consumed for macronutrients, with savory or aromatic properties that are used for flavoring and garnishing food, for medicinal ...

(born Minnesota 1928-),

John Melville Kelly John Melville Kelly (1879–1962) was an American painter and printmaker. Biography He was born in Oakland, California in 1879. He studied art at the San Francisco Art Institute, Mark Hopkins Institute of Art (now the San Francisco Art Inst ...

(born California 1877-1962), sculptor Kate Kelly (1882-1964),

Keichi Kimura Keichi Kimura (1914–1988) was a painter and illustrator who was born in Waiʻanae, Hawaiʻi in 1914. He received his first art instruction from teacher Shirley Ximena Hopper Russell, Shirley Russell while attending President William McKinley ...

(born Hawaii 1914-1988),

Sueko Matsueda Kimura Sueko Matsueda Kimura (June 10, 1912 – December 25, 2001) was an American artist. She was born in Papaikou, Hawaii in 1912. She received her Bachelor of Arts and Master of Fine Arts degrees from the University of Hawaii at Manoa, whe ...

(born Hawaii 1912-), John Ingvard Kjargaard (born Denmark 1902), Alan Leitner (born California 1947-),

Huc-Mazelet Luquiens Huc-Mazelet Luquiens (1881–1961) was an American printmaker, painter and art educator who was born June 30, 1881 in Massachusetts to Jules Luquiens a French-speaking Swiss and Emma Clark who was born in Ohio. Life He graduated from Yale Uni ...

(born Massachusetts 1881-1961),

Genevieve Springston Lynch Genevieve Springston Lynch (1891–1960), also known as Gene Lynch, was an American painter and art teacher who taught and worked in Hawaii. Background Genevieve Springston was born in Forest Grove, Oregon on September 20, 1891. She studied art ...

(born Oregon 1891-1960),

Alexander Samuel MacLeod Alexander Samuel MacLeod (1888–1956), also known as A. S. MacLeod, was a painter and printmaker. He was born on Prince Edward Island, Canada on April 12, 1888. Biography MacLeod studied at McGill University. After moving to San Francisco, h ...

(born Canada 1888-1956), Arman Tatéos Manookian (born Constantinople 1904-1931),

Joseph Nawahi Joseph is a common male given name, derived from the Hebrew Yosef (יוֹסֵף). "Joseph" is used, along with "Josef", mostly in English, French and partially German languages. This spelling is also found as a variant in the languages of the mo ...

(born Hawaii 1842-1896), Ben Norris (born California 1910-2006), Brook Kapūkuniahi Parker (born Kahalu‘u, O‘ahu July 31, 1961- ), Louis Pohl (born Cincinnati 1915-1999),

Shirley Ximena Hopper Russell Shirley Ximena Hopper Russell (May 16, 1886 – February 6, 1985), also known as Shirley Marie Russell, was an American artist best known for her paintings of Hawaii and her still lifes of Hawaiian flowers. She was born Shirley Ximena Hopper i ...

(born Los Angeles 1886-1985), sculptor Mamoru Sato (born Texas 1937-), Tadashi Sato (born Hawaii 1954-2005),

Lloyd Sexton, Jr. Lloyd Sexton Jr. (1912–1990), who is also known as Leo Lloyd Sexton Jr. was an American painter born in Hilo, Hawaii on March 24, 1912. In 1931 he entered the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. In 1933 he had a show of flower painti ...

(born Hawaii 1912-1990),

Alice Louise Judd Simpich Alice Louise Judd Simpich (1918–2006), also known as Awee Simpich was an American sculptor. She was born in Honolulu on March 1, 1918, and graduated from Sarah Lawrence College in 1940. Simpich is best known for her sensitive portrait busts. ...

(born Hawaii 1918-2006), ceramicist Toshiko Takaezu (born Hawaii 1922-2011),

Reuben Tam Reuben Tam (January 17, 1916 – January 3, 1991) was an American landscape painter, educator, poet and graphic artist. Early life and education He was born in Kapa'a on the Hawaiian island of Kaua'i. He earned a BA degree from the Universi ...

(born Hawaii 1916-1991), Masami Teraoka (born

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

1936-), painter

John Paul Thomas John Paul Thomas (4 February 1927, Bessemer, Alabama – 5 September 2001, Honolulu, Hawaii) was an American artist specializing in oil painting, watercolor and drawing in several media. He was also an educator and arts scholar. Life John P ...

(born Alabama 1927-2001),

Madge Tennent Madge Tennent (June 22, 1889 – February 5, 1972) was a naturalized American artist, born in England, raised in South Africa, and trained in France. She ranks among the most accomplished and globally renowned artists ever to have lived and wor ...

(born England 1889-1972), William Twigg-Smith (born New Zealand 1883-1950) John Chin Young (born Hawaii 1909-1997) Sculptor Jerry Vasconcellos (born Hawaii 1948 -), Art Photographer Kim Taylor Reece (1949-)

Selected works of native Hawaiian art

File:University of Cambridge Museum of Archaeology & Anthropology., 19th Century.jpg, 19th-century native Hawaiian feather cape (ahuula),

University of Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology The Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, also known as MAA, at the University of Cambridge houses the university's collections of local antiquities, together with archaeological and ethnographic artefacts from around the world. The museum ...

File:Hawaiian Cape, 18th century; owl feathers tied on netting.jpg, Hawaiian Cape, 18th century; pueo feathers tied on netting, Honolulu Museum of Art File:Ahulii (Feather Cape), Hawaiian Islands, late 18th–early 19th century, Iwi and oo feathers, olona, fiber, netting.jpg, Ahulii (feather cape), Hawaiian Islands, late 18th–early 19th century, iiwi and ōō, olonā fiber netting, Honolulu Museum of Art File:Hawaii, mantello con piume ahu ula, ante 1779.JPG, Ahu Ula cape with feathers, before 1779, Historisches Museum Bern File:Lei Hulu (Feather Lei), Hawaiian Islands, 19th century, Oo, iwi, and ou feathers.jpg, Lei Hulu (feather lei), Hawaiian Islands, 19th century, iiwi, ōō, and ōū feathers, Honolulu Museum of Art File:Hawaii, elmo con piume, ante 1779.JPG, Hawaiian helm in feathers, before 1779, Historisches Museum Bern File:Hawaii, casco mahiole, inizio del XIX sec 02.JPG, Mahiole helm, beginning of the 19th century, Musée du quai Branly, Paris File:Hawaii, casco mahiole, inizio del XIX sec 01.JPG, Mahiole helm, beginning of the 19th century, Musée du quai Branly, Paris File:Isole hawaii elmi crestati detti ellenici.jpg, Two crested helms called "Hellenic style",

Museo di Storia Naturale Museo may refer to: * Museo, 2018 Mexican drama heist film *Museo (Naples Metro) Museo is a station on line 1 of the Naples Metro. It was opened on 5 April 2001 as the eastern terminus of the section of the line between Vanvitelli and Museo. O ...

, Florence File:Kamapua'a collage.jpg, wooden statue of Kamapuaa from the Bailey House Museum File:Akua Kaai (Stick Image), late 18th-early 19th century, 3316545237 6cb4975348 b.jpg, Akua Kaai (stick image), late 18th-early 19th century, Honolulu Museum of Art File:Ethnologisches Museum Dahlem Berlin Mai 2006 009.jpg, Probably the god of canoe carvers, Ethnological Museum of Berlin Image:Ku'u Hae Aloha (My Beloved Flag) Hawaiian cotton quilt from Maui, c. 1890s, Mission Houses Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii.jpg, Kuu Hae Aloha (My Beloved Flag) Hawaiian cotton quilt from Maui, c. 1890s, Mission Houses Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii File:Na Kihapai Nani Lua 'Ole O Edena a Me Elenale (The Beautiful Unequaled Gardens of Eden and of Elenale), Hawaiian cotton quilt, before 1918, Honolulu Academy of Arts.jpg, ''Na Kihapai Nani Lua Ole O Edena a Me Elenale'' (''The Beautiful Unequaled Gardens of Eden and of Elenale''), Hawaiian cotton quilt, before 1918, Honolulu Museum of Art File:Hawaiian kapa, 18th century, Cook-Foster Collection at Georg-August University in Göttingen, Germany.jpg, Hawaiian kapa, 18th century, Cook-Foster Collection at University of Göttingen, Germany File:Hawaiian kapa (striped) Cook-Foster Collection at Georg-August University in Göttingen, Germany.jpg, Hawaiian kapa, 18th century, Cook-Foster Collection at University of Göttingen, Germany File:Kapa Kilohana (Bark Cloth), nineteenth century.jpg, Kapa kilohana (bark cloth), Hawaii, 19th century, Honolulu Museum of Art File:Lei Niho Palaoa (Neck Ornament), 19th century, Carved sperm whale tooth, braided human hair, olona cordage.jpg, Lei niho palaoa (Hawaiian neck ornament), 19th century, carved

sperm whale The sperm whale or cachalot (''Physeter macrocephalus'') is the largest of the toothed whales and the largest toothed predator. It is the only living member of the genus ''Physeter'' and one of three extant species in the sperm whale famil ...

tooth, braided human hair, olonā cordage, Honolulu Museum of Art File:'Iles Sandwich - Manier dont les Naturels se Tatouent' (Tattooing, Sandwich Islands) by Jacques Arago.jpg, Tattooing, Sandwich Islands by Jacques Arago, Honolulu Museum of Art File:Petroglyphs in Puako Petroglyph Archaeological District 1350.JPG, Petroglyph from the Puako Petroglyph Archaeological District File:Petroglyphs in Puako Petroglyph Archaeological District 1351.JPG, Petroglyph from the Puako Petroglyph Archaeological District

References

* Arkinstall, Patricia Lorraine, ''A study of bark cloth from Hawaii, Samoa, Tonga and Fiji, An exploration of the regional development of distinctive styles of bark cloth and its relationship to other cultural factors'', Ithaca, N.Y., 1966 * Blackburn, Mark, ''Hawaiiana'', Schiffer Publishing, Atglen, PA, 1996, * Brigham, William Tufts, ''Ka hana kapa, making of bark-cloth in Hawaii'', Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press, 1911 * Clarke, Joan and Diane Dods, ''Artists/Hawaii'', Honolulu, University of Hawaii Press, 1996 * Congdon-Martin, Douglas, ''Aloha Spirit, Hawaiian Art and Popular Design'', Schiffer Publishing, Atglen, PA, 1998 * Cox, J. Halley and William H. Davenport, ''Hawaiian Sculpture'', University of Hawaii Press, 1988 * Department of Education, State of Hawaii, ''Artists of Hawaii'', Honolulu, Department of Education, State of Hawaii, 1985 * Forbes, David W., ''Encounters with Paradise, Views of Hawaii and its People, 1778-1941'', Honolulu Academy of Arts, 1992 * Forbes, David W., ''He Makana, The Gertrude Mary Joan Damon Haig Collection of Hawaiian Art, Paintings and Prints'', Hawaii State Foundation of Culture and the Arts, 2013 * Forbes, David W., ''Paintings, Prints, and Drawings of Hawaii From the Sam and Mary Cooke Collection'', University of Hawaii Press, 2016, * Haar, Francis and Neogy, Prithwish, ''Artists of Hawaii: Nineteen Painters and Sculptors'', University of Hawaii Press, 1974 * ''Honolulu Academy of Arts, Selected works'', Honolulu, Hawaii: Honolulu Academy of Arts, 1990 * Kaeppler, Adrienne Lois, ''The fabrics of Hawaii (bark cloth)'', Leigh-on-Sea, F. Lewis, 1975 * Morse, Marcia, ''Honolulu Printmakers 75th Anniversary: A Tradition of Gift Prints'', Honolulu Academy of Arts, 2003, * Papanikolas, Theresa and DeSoto Brown, ''Art Deco Hawai'i'', Honolulu, Hawaii: Honolulu Museum of Art, 2014, * Radford, Georgia and Warren Radford, ''Sculpture in the Sun, Hawaii's Art for Open Spaces'', University of Hawaii Press, 1978 * Sandulli, Justin M., ''Troubled Paradise: Madge Tennent at a Hawaiian Crossroads'', Durham, NC: Duke University, 2016 * Serrao, Poakalani, ''The Hawaiian quilt, A spiritual experience, Reflection on its history, heritage, designing, quilting methods and patterns'', Honolulu, Mutual Pub., 1997 * Severson, Don R., ''Finding Paradise, Island Art in Private Collections'', University of Hawaii Press, 2002 * Yoshihara, Lisa A., ''Collective Visions, 1967-1997, An Exhibition Celebrating the 30th Anniversary of the State Foundation on Culture and the Arts, Art in Public Places Program, Presented at the Honolulu Academy of Arts, September 3-October 12, 1997'', Honolulu, State Foundation on Culture and the Arts, 1997

External links

Honolulu Museum of Art

Bishop Museum

Kapa Hawaii(The Art of Native Hawaiian Kapa)

Cook-Foster Collection at University in Göttingen, Germany

{{Oceanian topic, , art Hawaii art Art by country Art in Hawaii