The Arsacid dynasty or Arshakiani ( ka, არშაკიანი, tr), a branch of the
Arsacid dynasty of Parthia, ruled the ancient
Kingdom of Iberia
In Greco-Roman geography, Iberia (Ancient Greek: ''Iberia''; la, Hiberia) was an exonym for the Georgian kingdom of Kartli ( ka, ქართლი), known after its core province, which during Classical Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages ...
(
Kartli
Kartli ( ka, ქართლი ) is a historical region in central-to-eastern Georgia traversed by the river Mtkvari (Kura), on which Georgia's capital, Tbilisi, is situated. Known to the Classical authors as Iberia, Kartli played a crucial rol ...
, eastern
Georgia
Georgia most commonly refers to:
* Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States
Georgia may also refer to:
Places
Historical states and entities
* Related to the ...
) from c. 189 until 284 AD. The Arsacid dynasty of Iberia was succeeded by the
Chosroid dynasty
The Chosroid dynasty (a Latinization of ''Khosro anni'', ka, ხოსრო ანები), also known as the Iberian Mihranids, were a dynasty of the kings and later the presiding princes of the early Georgian state of Iberia from the 4 ...
.
History
Once the Arsacids, in the person of
Vologases II (r. 180-191), had consolidated
their hold on the
Armenian throne by 180, they gained momentum to interfere in Iberia. According to the medieval Georgian chronicles, the king of Armenia, whom Professor
Cyril Toumanoff
Cyril Leo Toumanoff (russian: Кирилл Львович Туманов; 13 October 1913 – 4 February 1997) was a Russian-born Georgian historian and genealogist who mostly specialized in the history and genealogies of medieval Georgia, Armenia, ...
identifies with Vologases II, helped the rebellious nobles of Iberia overthrow his wife’s brother
Amazaspus II of Iberia, last of the
Pharnabazids, and replace Amazaspus with his son
Rev I, whose reign (189-216) inaugurated the Arsacid dynasty in Iberia.
[ Rapp, Stephen H. (2003), ''Studies In Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts And Eurasian Contexts'', pp. 292-294. Peeters Bvba .]
Even as the Arsacids set on the thrones of three
Caucasian kingdoms – those of Armenia, Iberia, and
Albania
Albania ( ; sq, Shqipëri or ), or , also or . officially the Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and shares ...
– the dynasty was dislodged, in 226, from power in its original homeland and the more powerful and dynamic
Sassanid dynasty emerged as new masters of the
Iranian Empire. Although the later Georgian chronicles documents this change of power, its account of that period is full of anachronisms and semi-legendary allusions, providing little or no details about the effect of Iranian resurgence on Arsacid Iberia. What we know of that period comes from
Classical sources as well as Sassanid inscriptions.
By replacing the weak Parthian realm with a strong, centralized state, the Sassanids changed the political orientation of pro-
Roman
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
*Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...
Iberia and reduced it to a tributary state.
Shapur I
Shapur I (also spelled Shabuhr I; pal, 𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩, Šābuhr ) was the second Sasanian King of Kings of Iran. The dating of his reign is disputed, but it is generally agreed that he ruled from 240 to 270, with his father Ardas ...
(r. 242-272) placed a vassal,
Amazaspus III (r. 260-265), on the throne of Iberia, possibly a rival or
anti-king
An anti-king, anti king or antiking (german: Gegenkönig; french: antiroi; cs, protikrál) is a would-be king who, due to succession disputes or simple political opposition, declares himself king in opposition to a reigning monarch. OED "Anti-, ...
of
Mihrdat II. In 284, with the death of
Aspagur I, the Iberian Arsacid line ended, and the Sassanids capitalized on a civil strife in the Roman Empire to establish their candidate,
Mirian III
Mirian III ( ka, მირიან III) was a king of Iberia or Kartli (Georgia), contemporaneous to the Roman emperor Constantine the Great ( r. 306–337). He was the founder of the royal Chosroid dynasty.
According to the early medieval Geo ...
, of the Chosroid dynasty, on the throne of Iberia.
Suny, Ronald Grigor
Ronald Grigor Suny (born September 25, 1940) is an American historian and political scientist. Suny is the William H. Sewell Jr. Distinguished University Professor of History at the University of Michigan and served as director of the Eisenberg In ...
(1994), ''The Making of the Georgian Nation: 2nd edition'', p. 15. Indiana University Press,
Arsacid kings of Iberia
*
Rev I, 189–216
*
Vache (son), 216–234
*
Bacurius I (son), 234–249
*
Mithridates II (son), 249–265 (
Amazaspus III during 260–265 was his ''
anti-king
An anti-king, anti king or antiking (german: Gegenkönig; french: antiroi; cs, protikrál) is a would-be king who, due to succession disputes or simple political opposition, declares himself king in opposition to a reigning monarch. OED "Anti-, ...
'')
*
Aspacures I (son), 265–284
References
Further reading
*
Melikishvili, Giorgi ''et al.''. (1970), საქართველოს ისტორიის ნარკვევები (''Studies in the History of Georgia'')
Vol. 1.Tbilisi: Sabch'ota Sakartvelo.
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