Bad Arolsen (, until 1997 Arolsen, ''Bad'' being the German name for ''Spa'') is a small town in northern
Hesse
Hesse (, , ) or Hessia (, ; german: Hessen ), officially the State of Hessen (german: links=no, Land Hessen), is a state in Germany. Its capital city is Wiesbaden, and the largest urban area is Frankfurt. Two other major historic cities are Dar ...
,
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
, in
Waldeck-Frankenberg
Waldeck-Frankenberg is a ''Kreis'' (district) in the north of Hesse, Germany. Neighbouring districts are Höxter, Kassel, Schwalm-Eder, Marburg-Biedenkopf, Siegen-Wittgenstein, Hochsauerland.
History
The district was created in 1972 by merging ...
district. From 1655 until 1918 it served as the residence town of the Princes of
Waldeck-Pyrmont
The County of Waldeck (later the Principality of Waldeck and Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire and its successors from the late 12th century until 1929. In 1349 the county gained Imperial immediacy and in 1 ...
and then until 1929 as the capital of the Waldeck Free State. The
International Tracing Service
The Arolsen Archives – International Center on Nazi Persecution formerly the International Tracing Service (ITS), in German Internationaler Suchdienst, in French Service International de Recherches in Bad Arolsen, Germany, is an international ...
has its headquarters in Bad Arolsen. In 2003, the town hosted the 43rd
Hessentag
The Hessentag (; en, Hesse Day) is an annual event, both fair and festival, organized by the German state of Hesse to represent the different regions of Hesse. The events are shown for a week to the visitors, with an emphasis on cultural disp ...
state festival.
Geography
Location
Bad Arolsen is situated roughly 45 km west of
Kassel.
The German-
Dutch
Dutch commonly refers to:
* Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands
* Dutch people ()
* Dutch language ()
Dutch may also refer to:
Places
* Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States
* Pennsylvania Dutch Country
People E ...
holiday road called the
Orange Route The Orange Route ( nl, Oranje-Route, german: Oranier-Route) is a holiday route, that runs from Amsterdam in the Netherlands through North and Central Germany and returns to Amsterdam. It is 2,400 kilometres long and crosses the Netherlands and nine ...
runs through the town, joining towns, cities and regions associated with the
House of Orange
The House of Orange-Nassau (Dutch: ''Huis van Oranje-Nassau'', ) is the current reigning house of the Netherlands. A branch of the European House of Nassau, the house has played a central role in the politics and government of the Netherlands ...
.
Neighbouring communities
Bad Arolsen neighbours are: the town of
Diemelstadt
Diemelstadt is a small town in Waldeck-Frankenberg district in Hesse, Germany.
Geography
Location
Diemelstadt lies in a small "bay" of Hesse that thrusts into, and is surrounded on three sides by, North Rhine-Westphalia. The River Diemel, the tow ...
to the north, the town of
Volkmarsen
Volkmarsen is a small town in Waldeck-Frankenberg district in northern Hesse, Germany. It is home to 6840 residents.
Geography
Location
Volkmarsen lies on the northern edge of the ''Waldecker Tafel'' (Waldecker Shield (geology)) where it flatten ...
(both belonging to the county of Waldeck-Frankenberg); the town of
Wolfhagen in the southeast (
Kassel district); the town of
Waldeck to the south, the community of
Twistetal
Twistetal is a municipality in Waldeck-Frankenberg in northwest Hesse, Germany, southwest of Bad Arolsen.
Geography
Location
The community lies on the river Twiste, a tributary to the Diemel, itself a tributary to the Weser. Twistetal is only a s ...
to the southwest; the community of
Diemelsee
The Diemelsee or Diemel Reservoir (german: Diemelstausee) is a reservoir with a surface area of 1.65 km² and about capacity of 19.9 million m³ on the River Diemel in the counties of Waldeck-Frankenberg in North Hesse, and Hoch ...
to the west (the last three in Waldeck-Frankenberg county) and the town of
Marsberg
Marsberg () is a town in the Hochsauerland district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
History
Although its origins are obscure, Marsberg was a prospering town by the 13th century (it was even minting coins). It was a free city until 1807, when ...
(
Hochsauerlandkreis
Hochsauerlandkreis (meaning “High Sauerland District” in German) is a Kreis (district) in the east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Soest, Paderborn, Höxter, Waldeck-Frankenberg, Siegen-Wittgenstein, Olpe, M ...
in
North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia (german: Nordrhein-Westfalen, ; li, Noordrien-Wesfale ; nds, Noordrhien-Westfalen; ksh, Noodrhing-Wäßßfaale), commonly shortened to NRW (), is a state (''Land'') in Western Germany. With more than 18 million inha ...
).
Constituent communities
![Residenzschloss Arolsen 011](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Residenzschloss_Arolsen_011.jpg)
Besides the main district (8,300 inhabitants), which bears the same name as the town, Bad Arolsen consists of the following subdivisions:
* Braunsen, 199 inhabitants
* Bühle, 110 inhabitants
* Kohlgrund, 255 inhabitants.
* Helsen, 2,156 inhabitants
* Landau, 1,120 inhabitants
* Massenhausen, 583 inhabitants
*
Mengeringhausen
Mengeringhausen is a village and a municipal district of Bad Arolsen in Waldeck-Frankenberg, in Hesse, Germany. Its population is estimated to be 3,800 people.
The was first mentioned as the town 'Stadt Mengeringhausen' in 1234. The town was in p ...
, 3,746 inhabitants
* Neu-Berich, 246 inhabitants
* Schmillinghausen, 495 inhabitants
* Volkhardinghausen, 130 inhabitants
* Wetterburg, 859 inhabitants
History
The earliest documents mentioning Arolsen date back to 1131 when an
Augustinian Augustinian may refer to:
*Augustinians, members of religious orders following the Rule of St Augustine
*Augustinianism, the teachings of Augustine of Hippo and his intellectual heirs
*Someone who follows Augustine of Hippo
* Canons Regular of Sain ...
nunnery was established there with the name of "Aroldessen". The nunnery was secularized in 1526 and in 1655 became the residence of the Counts (later Princes) of
Waldeck, who converted it into a stately home. It was torn down in 1710 and replaced with a new Baroque structure (1713–1728) by
Friedrich Anton Ulrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
Friedrich Anton Ulrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (german: Friedrich Anton Ulrich Fürst zu Waldeck und Pyrmont; 27 November 16761 January 1728) was the first reigning Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont from 1712 to 1728.
He was the son of Christi ...
(1676–1728).
From 1918 to 1929 Arolsen was capital of the
Free State of Waldeck-Pyrmont
The Free State of Waldeck-Pyrmont (german: Freistaat Waldeck-Pyrmont), later the Free State of Waldeck (), was a constituent state of the Weimar Republic. It was created following the German Revolution which forced Prince Friedrich of Waldeck and ...
(after 1922: Free State of Waldeck), which was subsequently incorporated into
Prussia
Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an ...
.
Politics
Town council
The town council's 37 seats are apportioned in accordance with municipal elections held on 26 March 2006:
Note: "FWG" is a citizens' coalition. ''Offene Liste'' is the independent "Open List".
Town government
The town is governed by the town magistrate which is headed by the Mayor of Bad Arolsen.
The incumbent Mayor is Jürgen van der Horst (Independent), first elected in 2007. His current six-year term is scheduled to end in 2025.
Coat of arms
Bad Arolsen's civic
coat of arms
A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full heraldic achievement, which in its ...
might heraldically be described thus: In argent a nine-leaved oak tree vert with four acorns Or, before which an inescutcheon within which in Or a bar-topped letter "A" sable surmounted by a halved eight-pointed star sable.
The oak tree stands for the surrounding woods and indirectly the fresh air that Bad Arolsen is known for as a climatic spa. The inescutcheon shows the town's (original) initial, and the eight-pointed star of Waldeck.
The original arms were dropped in 1938 owing to a perceived reference to
Freemasonry
Freemasonry or Masonry refers to fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local guilds of stonemasons that, from the end of the 13th century, regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities ...
, which was not officially tolerated in
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
. The charge in question was "God's Eye" – a triangle with the sun's rays shining out of it, such as may still be seen in
Bad Krozingen
Bad Krozingen (; Alemannic: ''Bad Chrotzige'') is a spa town in the district Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated 15 km southwest of Freiburg. In the 1970s, the previously independent villages Biengen, H ...
's civic coat of arms. Bad Arolsen's old arms showed the same inescutcheon over this, but "God's Eye" was replaced with an oak tree in 193
Partnerships
*
Bad Köstritz
Bad Köstritz is a town in the district of Greiz, in Thuringia, Germany. It is situated on the White Elster river, 7 km northwest of Gera. Bad Köstritz is known for the Köstritzer brewery and its Schwarzbier (black beer).
History
The ...
,
Thüringen
Thuringia (; german: Thüringen ), officially the Free State of Thuringia ( ), is a state of central Germany, covering , the sixth smallest of the sixteen German states. It has a population of about 2.1 million.
Erfurt is the capital and larg ...
*
Heusden-Zolder
Heusden-Zolder (; li, Heuze-Zolder ) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Limburg near Hasselt. On 1 January 2006 Heusden-Zolder had a total population of 30,769. The total area is 53.23 km² which gives a population density ...
,
Belgium
Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to th ...
*
Hermann,
Missouri
Missouri is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking 21st in land area, it is bordered by eight states (tied for the most with Tennessee): Iowa to the north, Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee to the east, Arkansas t ...
,
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...
*
Klütz
Klütz () is a town in the Nordwestmecklenburg district, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It is situated near the Baltic Sea coast, 22 km northwest of Wismar, and 33 km northeast of Lübeck. It is famous for the manor house B ...
,
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (MV; ; nds, Mäkelborg-Vörpommern), also known by its anglicized name Mecklenburg–Western Pomerania, is a state in the north-east of Germany. Of the country's sixteen states, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ranks 14th in po ...
Culture and sightseeing
The town
Worthy of note is the town's
baroque layout near the stately home. The street grid shows a chequered pattern that was typical of that time. It was originally planned to build a mirror-image layout to the stately home's east and west, but the plans were never fully carried out; after completing the developments west of the stately home, there was no money left to do the eastern part. Instead, the mirrored layout is illustrated by landscaping the area with trees and bushes. Some of the development's buildings are protected by law. Since 1999 there has been a ''Gestaltungssatzung'' – or "design code" – in place to ensure the townscape's current form through collective protection.
![Grosse Allee Bad Arolsen-1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Grosse_Allee_Bad_Arolsen-1.jpg)
The Grosse Allee ("Grand Avenue") is a remarkable piece of city landscaping. It is a broad avenue running one mile from east to west lined by some 880 German oak trees in a six-line arrangement. Particularly during the warm months of spring, summer and fall it attracts scores of people strolling and enjoying the shady park-like atmosphere. The avenue was built in 1676 as a prestigious connecting way for the carriages between the "Residenzschloss" and the princely "Lustschloss", the latter having been torn down in the year 1725.
Buildings
![Schloss Arolsen](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Schloss_Arolsen.JPG)
*The baroque-style
Schloß Arolsen, originally belonging to the Princes of Waldeck-Pyrmont with its imposing construction was built between 1713 and 1728 by architect Julius Ludwig Rothweil. Of particular importance are the ceiling paintings by the Italian artist Carlo Ludovici Castelli, and the outstanding
stucco works by Andrea Gallasini.
*''Landauer Wasserkunst'', an historic
waterworks
Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities, commercial organisations, community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes. Public water supply systems are crucial to properly functioning societies. Thes ...
in Landau dating from 1555.
Regular events
*March/April: Lighting of the ''Easter Fire'' on the Königsberg fair ground
*May: ''Arolser Barockfestspiele'' (Baroque festival)
*August: ''Arolser Kram- und Viehmarkt'' (a fair with amusement rides, household goods and cattle markets at the Königsberg fair ground)
*August: Bad Arolsen ''
Twistesee
The Twistesee is a reservoir on the Twiste in the county of Waldeck-Frankenberg in North Hesse, Germany.
Location
The Twistesee is located at the northern end of the Langer Wald around 30 km as the crow flies west-northwest of Kassel b ...
Triathlon'' running
*November: ''Bad Arolsen Advent Waldmarathon'' running
*December: ''Weihnachtsmarkt'' (Christmas fair at the Kirchplatz in the towns central place ”Kirchplatz“)
*Repeating every seven years (last time 2007): The “Freischiessen festival” in Mengeringhausen
Economy and infrastructure
Of particular economic importance to the town was its role as a garrison. In 1994 the Belgian Army deactivated its garrison and left the town. On 17 December 2004, the
Bundeswehr
The ''Bundeswehr'' (, meaning literally: ''Federal Defence'') is the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany. The ''Bundeswehr'' is divided into a military part (armed forces or ''Streitkräfte'') and a civil part, the military part con ...
deactivated its camp in Mengeringhausen.
Transport
Bad Arolsen is located on the
railway
Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport that transfers passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are incorporated in tracks. In contrast to road transport, where the vehicles run on a pre ...
line from
Kassel to
Korbach
Korbach (pronunciation: ˈkoːɐˌbax), officially the Hanseatic City of Korbach (German: Hansestadt Korbach), is the district seat of Waldeck-Frankenberg in northern Hesse, Germany. It is over a thousand years old and is located on the German Tim ...
. Local public transport is also handled by buses of the North Hesse Transport Association (''Nordhessischer Verkehrsverbund''; NVV). The town is also served by the BRS (''Busverkehr - Ruhr - Sieg'') bus company.
Public institutions
![ITS Bad Arolsen](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/ITS_Bad_Arolsen.jpg)
Since 1946, Bad Arolsen has been headquarters to the
International Tracing Service
The Arolsen Archives – International Center on Nazi Persecution formerly the International Tracing Service (ITS), in German Internationaler Suchdienst, in French Service International de Recherches in Bad Arolsen, Germany, is an international ...
, an organization dedicated to finding missing civilians, typically lost to family and friends as a result of war or political unrest during
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
. The institution was led and administered until December 2012 by the
International Committee of the Red Cross
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC; french: Comité international de la Croix-Rouge) is a humanitarian organization which is based in Geneva, Switzerland, and it is also a three-time Nobel Prize Laureate. State parties (signato ...
and funded by the
Federal Republic of Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated between ...
; it is now administered by the Federal Republic of Germany.
A venue for millions of documents related to the Nazi-attempted extermination of the Jewish people and others, the ITS holds vast archives of
Nazi
Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in ...
-related documents. In April 2006, German justice minister
Brigitte Zypries
Brigitte Zypries (born 16 November 1953) is a German lawyer and politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). Between 2017 and 2018, she served as Minister for Economics and Energy in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel; she was the f ...
announced that Germany would cooperate with the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...
and allow survivors and historians of
the Holocaust
The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; ...
access to 47 million pages of documents, although an eleven-nation accord had to decide unanimously that this was to be done.
More than 12 million of the documents have now being digitally scanned and shared with research institutions around the world. The archive fully opened when France, Italy and Greece ratified changes to the access protocol. Information kept hidden from the public since its inception was finally opened to the public in November 2007.
Well known persons
* Otto von Bismarck, former Chancellor of the German Empire from 1871 until 1890, is an "honorary citizen" of Bad Arolsen.
Sons and daughters of the town
* 1556, Philipp Nicolai
Philipp Nicolai (10 August 1556 – 26 October 1608) was a German Lutheran pastor, poet, and composer. He is most widely recognized as a hymnodist.
Biography
Philipp Nicolai was born at Mengeringhausen in Waldeck, Hesse, Germany where his ...
, song-poet and Reformer, in Mengeringhausen (died 26 October 1608 in Hamburg
(male), (female) en, Hamburger(s),
Hamburgian(s)
, timezone1 = Central (CET)
, utc_offset1 = +1
, timezone1_DST = Central (CEST)
, utc_offset1_DST = +2
, postal ...
)
* 1620, Prince Georg Friedrich von Waldeck
Prince Georg Friedrich of Waldeck (31 January 1620 – 19 November 1692) was a German and Dutch Field Marshal and, for the last three years of his life, Grand Master of the Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg).
In 1641, Waldeck ent ...
(died 19 November 1692 in Bad Arolsen)
* 1740, Ernst Eichner
Ernst Dietrich Adolph Eichner rnesto Eichner(born 15 February 1740 in Arolsen, died early 1777 in Potsdam) was a German bassoonist and composer.
Biography
Eichner was born to Johann Andreas Eichner (1694–1768), a court musician to the court of ...
, composer (died 1777 in Potsdam
Potsdam () is the capital and, with around 183,000 inhabitants, largest city of the German state of Brandenburg. It is part of the Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region. Potsdam sits on the River Havel, a tributary of the Elbe, downstream o ...
)
* 1743, Friedrich Karl August, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
Friedrich Karl August, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (german: Friedrich Karl August Fürst zu Waldeck und Pyrmont; 25 October 174324 September 1812) was Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont from 1763 to 1812.
Early life
He was the second son of Karl Aug ...
(died 1812), Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
* 1747, George I, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
George I, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (german: Georg Fürst zu Waldeck und Pyrmont; 6 May 17479 September 1813) was Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont from 1812 to 1813.
He was the son of Karl August, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont and Countess Pala ...
(died 1813), Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
* 1767, Johann Stieglitz, doctor (died 31 October 1840 in Hanover
Hanover (; german: Hannover ; nds, Hannober) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Lower Saxony. Its 535,932 (2021) inhabitants make it the 13th-largest city in Germany as well as the fourth-largest city in Northern Germany ...
)
* 1777, Christian Daniel Rauch, sculptor (died 3 December 1857 in Dresden
Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label= Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth ...
); The Museum in Bad Arolsen looks after his memorial.
* 1804, Wilhelm von Kaulbach
Wilhelm von Kaulbach (15 October 18057 April 1874) was a German painter, noted mainly as a muralist, but also as a book illustrator. His murals decorate buildings in Munich. He is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting.
Biography
E ...
, painter (died 7 April 1874 in Munich
Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Ha ...
)
* 1822, Friedrich Kaulbach
Theodor Friedrich Wilhelm Christian Kaulbach (8 July 1822 – 17 September 1903) was a German Painting, painter from Bad Arolsen, Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont. His father was Christian Kaulbach (1777–1847), a cabinet maker in Ar ...
, painter (died 17 September 1903 in Hanover)
* 1831, George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
George Victor (14 January 1831 – 12 May 1893) was the 3rd sovereign Prince of the German state of Waldeck and Pyrmont.
He was born in Bad Arolsen the son of George II, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont and his wife Princess Emma of Anhalt-Bernburg- ...
(died 1893), Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
* 1838, Walther Herwig
Walther Herwig (February 25, 1838, Bad Arolsen, Waldeck – December 16, 1912) was a Prussian administrative lawyer, and the founder of the German fisheries science.
Herwig studied jurisprudence at the University of Göttingen from 1856, where ...
, founder of German high-sea fishing
* 1858, Adelheid Emma Wilhelmina Theresia von Waldeck-Pyrmont, Queen and 1890-1898 Regent of the Netherlands
)
, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
(Dutch King William III's second wife; died 20 March 1934 in The Hague
The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital o ...
)
* 1861, August Bier, surgeon, in Helsen (died 12 March 1949 in (near Beeskow
Beeskow ( dsb, Bezkow) is a town in Brandenburg, Germany, and capital of the Oder-Spree district. It is situated on the river Spree, 30 km southwest of Frankfurt an der Oder.
Demography
File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Beeskow.pdf, Developm ...
))
* 1865. Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (''Friedrich Adolf Hermann Fürst zu Waldeck und Pyrmont''; 20 January 1865 – 26 May 1946) was the last reigning Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont from 12 May 1893 to 13 November 1918.
Family
He was th ...
(died 1946), Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
* 1873, , orthopaedics
Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics ( alternatively spelt orthopaedics), is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal ...
professor
* 1896, Josias Erbprinz von Waldeck-Pyrmont
Josias, Hereditary Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (german: Josias Georg Wilhelm Adolf Erbprinz zu Waldeck und Pyrmont) (13 May 1896 – 30 November 1967) was the heir apparent to the throne of the Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont and a genera ...
, SS Obergruppenführer
' (, "senior group leader") was a paramilitary rank in Nazi Germany that was first created in 1932 as a rank of the ''Sturmabteilung'' (SA) and adopted by the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) one year later. Until April 1942, it was the highest commissio ...
(died 30 November 1967 in Bad Arolsen)
* 1936, Wittekind, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
Wittekind Adolf Heinrich Georg-Wilhelm, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (born 9 March 1936) has since 1967 been the head of the House of Waldeck and Pyrmont. Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh. " Burke’s Royal Families of the World: ''Volume I Europe & ...
, residing prince and chief of the House of Waldeck
References
External links
*
Nazi-era archive available at US Holocaust Museum
*
Slate report on archive's opening
{{Authority control
Towns in Hesse
Spa towns in Germany
Waldeck-Frankenberg
Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont
The Holocaust in Germany