José María Estivalis Calvo (1886–1939), better known as Armand Guerra, was a Spanish director and anarchist. With the film cooperative Le cinéma du peuple, Guerra directed the 1913

short Short may refer to: Places * Short (crater), a lunar impact crater on the near side of the Moon * Short, Mississippi, an unincorporated community * Short, Oklahoma, a census-designated place People * Short (surname) * List of people known as ...

''Les miséres de l'aiguille'' featuring

Musidora Jeanne Roques (23 February 1889 – 11 December 1957), known professionally as Musidora, was a French actress, film director, and writer. She is best known for her acting in silent films, and rose to public attention for roles in the Loui ...

and the first segment of the 1914

Lucien Descaves Lucien Descaves (16 March 1861– 6 September 1949) was a French novelist. Selected works * ''Le Calvaire de Héloïse Pajadou'' (1883) 'Héloïse Pajadou's Calvary.'' Sunny Lou Publishing , 2021 Further reading * * External links * ...

's ''La commune''. Guerra lived in Russia during the

October Revolution The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment ...

and Germany during the

Weimar Republic The Weimar Republic (german: link=no, Weimarer Republik ), officially named the German Reich, was the government of Germany from 1918 to 1933, during which it was a constitutional federal republic for the first time in history; hence it is al ...

, where he was a producer, screenwriter, and writer of Spanish subtitles. His feature film debut was the 1926 ''Luis Candelas o el bandido de Madrid''. He started a production company in Berlin, which released ''Der Kampf un der Mann'' in 1927. He moved to Spain and was unsuccessful in starting a film production studio. In conjunction with the

Confederación Nacional del Trabajo The Confederación Nacional del Trabajo ( en, National Confederation of Labor; CNT) is a Spanish confederation of anarcho-syndicalist Anarcho-syndicalism is a political philosophy and anarchist school of thought that views revolutionar ...

, he began to film ' in July 1936 but was interrupted by the

Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, lin ...

. The film was later finished in 1992. During the war, he produced several documentaries. As communists came to dominate the anarchists in Spain, he moved his wife and daughter to France, where he worked on solidarity campaigns for the Spanish Republicans. Upon returning to Spain, Guerra was captured. Though he escaped to Paris in February 1939, he soon died thereafter.

References

Bibliography

* * 1886 births 1939 deaths Spanish film directors Confederación Nacional del Trabajo members {{anarchist-stub