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''Cleome'' is a genus (biology), genus of flowering plants in the family (biology), family Cleomaceae, commonly known as spider flowers, spider plants, spider weeds, or bee plants. Previously, it had been placed in the family Capparaceae, until DNA studies found the Cleomaceae genera to be more closely related to the Brassicaceae than the Capparaceae. Cleome and clammyweed, (''Polanisia dodecandra'') can sometimes be confused. The simplest way to differentiate the two is to compare the seedpods which project out or down on cleome and up on clammyweed.
The genus ''sensu stricto'' includes about 170 species of herbaceous plant, herbaceous annual plant, annual or perennial plants and shrubs.Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening'' 1: 652-653. Macmillan. . The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, subcosmopolitan distribution throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. However, a recent DNA study failed to separate ''Cleome'', ''Podandrogyne'', and ''Polanisia'' from each other, so some taxonomists have abandoned the last two of these genera, treating them as part of ''Cleome'' ''sensu lato''; in this case, ''Cleome'' contains about 275 species, the vast majority of the Cleomaceae.
The genus contains species which show an evolutionary progression from C3 carbon fixation, to C4 carbon fixation, photosynthesis. This, combined with it being very close to the Brassicaceae with the model plant species ''Arabidopsis thaliana'', makes it an ideal genus in which to study the evolution of photosynthesis. Morphology (biology), Morphological differences that demonstrate the transition from to include species having leaves with more Leaf#Veins, veins and larger Vascular bundle, bundle sheath cells. Also, species such as ''Cleome gynandra'' produce proteins needed for photosynthesis. Three species independently acquired the pathway, while others are – intermediate or -like.
''Cleome'' list
Flora Europaea
''Cleome'' list
/ref>USDA Plants Profile
''Cleome'' list
/ref>Efloras
''Cleome'' search results
/ref> *''Cleome aculeata'' L., tropical *''Cleome angustifolia'' Forssk.; African – *''Cleome anomala'' Kunth; neotropical *''Cleome arborea'' Kunth *''Cleome arenitensis'' Craven, Lepschi & Fryxell *''Cleome aspera'' Koen. ex DC. *''Cleome augustinensis'' (Hochr.) Briq. *''cleome ciliata'' D.Dian *''Cleome chilensis'' DC. *''Cleome cleomoides'' (F.Muell.) Iltis *''Cleome cordobensis'' Eichler ex Griseb. *''Cleome diffusa'' Banks ex DC. *''Cleome droserifolia'' Forssk. (Delile) *''Cleome eosina'' J.F.Macbr. *''Cleome felina'' L.f. *''Cleome flexuosa'' F.Dietr. *''Cleome foliosa'' Hook.f. *''Cleome gigantea'' L. *''Cleome glabra'' Taub. ex Glaz. *''Cleome guianensis'' Aubl. *''Cleome gynandra'' L. – *''Cleome hassleriana'' Chodat *''Cleome herrerae'' J.F.Macbr. *''Cleome hirta'' (Klotzsch) Oliv. *''Cleome iberica'' DC. *''Cleome isomeris'' Greene *''Cleome kenneallyi'' Hewson *''Cleome lanceolata'' (Mart. & Zucc.) H.H.Iltis *''Cleome lechleri'' Eichler *''Cleome lutea'' Hook. *''Cleome maculata'' (Sond.) Szyszył. *''Cleome micrantha'' Desv. ex Ham. *''Cleome monophylla'' L. *''Cleome multicaulis'' DC. *''Cleome ornithopodioides'' L. *''Cleome oxalidea'' F.Muell. – *''Cleome paludosa'' Willd. ex Eichler *''Cleome parviflora'' Kunth *''Cleome pilosa'' *''Cleome platycarpa'' Torr. *''Cleome psoraleifolia'' DC. *''Cleome rubella'' Burch. *''Cleome rutidosperma'' DC. *''Cleome serrata'' Jacq. *''Cleome serrulata'' Pursh *''Cleome sparsifolia'' S.Wats. *''Cleome speciosa'' Raf. *''Cleome spinosa'' Jacq. *''Cleome stenophylla'' Klotzsch ex Urban *''Cleome stylosa'' Eichler *''Cleome tetrandra'' DC. *''Cleome titubans'' Speg. *''Cleome trachycarpa'' Klotzsch ex Eichler *''Cleome tucumanensis'' H.H.Iltis *''Cleome uncifera'' Kers *''Cleome violacea'' L. *''Cleome viridiflora'' Schreb. *''Cleome viscosa'' L. *''Cleome werdermannii'' A. Ernst *''Cleome monophylla''
''Cleome gynandra'' is used as a vegetable crop. ''C. hassleriana'' is a commonly cultivated ornamental plant with purple, pink, or white flowers.
File:Cleome chelidonii plant.jpg, ''Cleome chelidonii''
File:Cleome foliosa IMG 8601.JPG, ''Cleome foliosa'', from arid region in Namibia
File:Starr 061128-1587 Cleome gynandra.jpg, ''Cleome gynandra'', cultivated as a vegetable
File:Spider flower -- Cleome 'Inncleosr' Senorita Rosalita.jpg, ''Cleome 'Inncleosr' Senorita Rosalita''
File:Tarenaya hassleriana o Cleome Hassleriana o Cleome Spinosa.jpg, ''Cleome hassleriana''Flora of China 7: 430–431. 2008
''Tarenaya Rafinesque''
/ref> a common garden ornamental File:Cleome monophylla W3 IMG_1882.jpg, ''Cleome monophylla'' File:Cleome oxyphylla var. oxyphylla 1DS-II 7380.jpg, ''Cleome oxyphylla'' File:Cleome rutidosperma 05859.jpg, ''Cleome rutidosperma'' File:Cleome spinosa 2012.jpg, ''Cleome spinosa'' File:Cleome_viscosa_by_kadavoor.jpg, ''Cleome viscosa''
Selected species
Sources:Germplasm Resources Information Network''Cleome'' list
Flora Europaea
''Cleome'' list
/ref>USDA Plants Profile
''Cleome'' list
/ref>Efloras
''Cleome'' search results
/ref> *''Cleome aculeata'' L., tropical *''Cleome angustifolia'' Forssk.; African – *''Cleome anomala'' Kunth; neotropical *''Cleome arborea'' Kunth *''Cleome arenitensis'' Craven, Lepschi & Fryxell *''Cleome aspera'' Koen. ex DC. *''Cleome augustinensis'' (Hochr.) Briq. *''cleome ciliata'' D.Dian *''Cleome chilensis'' DC. *''Cleome cleomoides'' (F.Muell.) Iltis *''Cleome cordobensis'' Eichler ex Griseb. *''Cleome diffusa'' Banks ex DC. *''Cleome droserifolia'' Forssk. (Delile) *''Cleome eosina'' J.F.Macbr. *''Cleome felina'' L.f. *''Cleome flexuosa'' F.Dietr. *''Cleome foliosa'' Hook.f. *''Cleome gigantea'' L. *''Cleome glabra'' Taub. ex Glaz. *''Cleome guianensis'' Aubl. *''Cleome gynandra'' L. – *''Cleome hassleriana'' Chodat *''Cleome herrerae'' J.F.Macbr. *''Cleome hirta'' (Klotzsch) Oliv. *''Cleome iberica'' DC. *''Cleome isomeris'' Greene *''Cleome kenneallyi'' Hewson *''Cleome lanceolata'' (Mart. & Zucc.) H.H.Iltis *''Cleome lechleri'' Eichler *''Cleome lutea'' Hook. *''Cleome maculata'' (Sond.) Szyszył. *''Cleome micrantha'' Desv. ex Ham. *''Cleome monophylla'' L. *''Cleome multicaulis'' DC. *''Cleome ornithopodioides'' L. *''Cleome oxalidea'' F.Muell. – *''Cleome paludosa'' Willd. ex Eichler *''Cleome parviflora'' Kunth *''Cleome pilosa'' *''Cleome platycarpa'' Torr. *''Cleome psoraleifolia'' DC. *''Cleome rubella'' Burch. *''Cleome rutidosperma'' DC. *''Cleome serrata'' Jacq. *''Cleome serrulata'' Pursh *''Cleome sparsifolia'' S.Wats. *''Cleome speciosa'' Raf. *''Cleome spinosa'' Jacq. *''Cleome stenophylla'' Klotzsch ex Urban *''Cleome stylosa'' Eichler *''Cleome tetrandra'' DC. *''Cleome titubans'' Speg. *''Cleome trachycarpa'' Klotzsch ex Eichler *''Cleome tucumanensis'' H.H.Iltis *''Cleome uncifera'' Kers *''Cleome violacea'' L. *''Cleome viridiflora'' Schreb. *''Cleome viscosa'' L. *''Cleome werdermannii'' A. Ernst *''Cleome monophylla''
Cultivation and uses
''Cleome gynandra'' is used as a vegetable crop. ''C. hassleriana'' is a commonly cultivated ornamental plant with purple, pink, or white flowers.
Gallery of species
''Tarenaya Rafinesque''
/ref> a common garden ornamental File:Cleome monophylla W3 IMG_1882.jpg, ''Cleome monophylla'' File:Cleome oxyphylla var. oxyphylla 1DS-II 7380.jpg, ''Cleome oxyphylla'' File:Cleome rutidosperma 05859.jpg, ''Cleome rutidosperma'' File:Cleome spinosa 2012.jpg, ''Cleome spinosa'' File:Cleome_viscosa_by_kadavoor.jpg, ''Cleome viscosa''
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2086565 Cleome, Brassicales genera