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Aristarkh Apollonovich Belopolsky (Аристарх Аполлонович Белопольский) (,
Аристарх Аполлонович Белопольский — Bourabai Research
/ref> He was a good friend of
Les taches solaires et leur mouvement
. ''Memorie della Società degli spettroscopisti italiani'', vol. 16 (1888), p. 17
{{DEFAULTSORT:Belopolsky, Aristarkh 1854 births 1934 deaths 19th-century astronomers from the Russian Empire Scientists from Moscow Moscow State University alumni Full members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1917–1925) Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences Recipients of the Lalande Prize Imperial Moscow University alumni
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 millio ...
– 16 May 1934, Pulkovo Pulkovo may refer to:
*Pulkovo Heights marking the southern limit of Saint Petersburg, Russia
*Pulkovo Airport serving Saint Petersburg, Russia
*Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise
Pulkovo Federal State Unified Aviation Service Company (ФГУАП “ ...
, Leningrad
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
) was a Russian astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies – in either ...
. He was born in Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 millio ...
but his father's ancestors are from a Serbia
Serbia (, ; Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin and the Balkans. It shares land borders with Hungar ...
n town called Belo Polje.
Life
Belopolsky got his degree at Moscow University in 1876, and in 1878, he became the assistant to Fyodor Aleksandrovich Bredikhin atMoscow Observatory
The Sternberg Astronomical Institute (Государственный астрономический институт имени Штернберга in Russian), also known as GAISh (ГАИШ), is a research institution in Moscow, Russia, a divisi ...
. In 1888, he joined the staff of Pulkovo Observatory
The Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory (russian: Пулковская астрономическая обсерватория, Pulkovskaya astronomicheskaya observatoriya), officially named the Central Astronomical Observatory of the Russian Academ ...
.
He worked in spectroscopy and discovered a number of spectroscopic binaries
A binary star is a system of two stars that are gravitationally bound to and in orbit around each other. Binary stars in the night sky that are seen as a single object to the naked eye are often resolved using a telescope as separate stars, in w ...
. Among others, he discovered that Castor B was a spectroscopic binary with a period of 2.92 days.
Belopolsky was known for his fine instrument making, and in 1900 he built a device for measuring the Doppler shift of spectra. He pioneered the use of optical Doppler shift to measure the rotational rates of distant objects. He was the first to discover that the equator of Jupiter rotates more rapidly than higher latitudes, and that the rings of Saturn do not rotate as a solid mass, proving that they were made up of individual small objects.
He attempted twice to measure the rotational rate of Venus, suggesting 24 hours in 1900 and 35 hours in 1911—one of countless unsuccessful attempts by astronomers of that time to measure the length of the Venusian day./ref> He was a good friend of
Oskar Backlund
Johan Oskar Backlund (28 April 1846 – 29 August 1916) was a Swedish-Russian astronomer. His name is sometimes given as Jöns Oskar Backlund, however even contemporary Swedish sources give "Johan". In Russia, where he spent his entire career, he ...
, and when the latter died in 1916, he succeeded him as director of Pulkovo Observatory. However he resigned in 1918, because he did not like the administrative burden.
The crater Belopol'skiy on the Moon
The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It is the fifth largest satellite in the Solar System and the largest and most massive relative to its parent planet, with a diameter about one-quarter that of Earth (comparable to the width of ...
, the asteroid 1004 Belopolskya and an award of the Russian Academy of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; russian: Росси́йская акаде́мия нау́к (РАН) ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across ...
are named after him.
References
Bibliography
*External links
*Les taches solaires et leur mouvement
. ''Memorie della Società degli spettroscopisti italiani'', vol. 16 (1888), p. 17
Obituaries
{{DEFAULTSORT:Belopolsky, Aristarkh 1854 births 1934 deaths 19th-century astronomers from the Russian Empire Scientists from Moscow Moscow State University alumni Full members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1917–1925) Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences Recipients of the Lalande Prize Imperial Moscow University alumni