''Arhopala'' is a very large

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

gossamer-winged butterflies Lycaenidae is the second-largest family of butterflies (behind Nymphalidae, brush-footed butterflies), with over 6,000 species worldwide, whose members are also called gossamer-winged butterflies. They constitute about 30% of the known butterfly ...

(Lycaenidae). They are the

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal f ...

of the

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...

Arhopalini The Arhopalini are a rather small tribe of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. Genera As not all Theclinae have been assigned to tribes, the following list of genera is preliminary: * ''Apporasa'' * ''Arhopala'' * ''Flos'' * ''Keraunogramma ...

. In the relatively wide circumscription used here, it contains over 200

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

collectively known as oakblues. They occur from

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

throughout

temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout t ...

tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

south and east of the

Himalayas The Himalayas, or Himalaya (; ; ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the planet's highest peaks, including the very highest, Mount Everest. Over 100 ...

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

and the

Solomon Islands Solomon Islands is an island country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania, to the east of Papua New Guinea and north-west of Vanuatu. It has a land area of , and a population of approx. 700,000. Its capita ...

Melanesia Melanesia (, ) is a subregion of Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It extends from Indonesia's New Guinea in the west to Fiji in the east, and includes the Arafura Sea. The region includes the four independent countries of Fiji, Va ...

. Like many of their relatives, their

caterpillar Caterpillars ( ) are the larval stage of members of the order Lepidoptera (the insect order comprising butterflies and moths). As with most common names, the application of the word is arbitrary, since the larvae of sawflies (suborder Sym ...

s are attended and protected by

ant Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from vespoid wasp ancestors in the Cretaceous period. More than 13,800 of an estimated total of 22 ...

s (

myrmecophily Myrmecophily ( , ) is the term applied to positive interspecies associations between ants and a variety of other organisms, such as plants, other arthropods, and fungi. Myrmecophily refers to mutualistic associations with ants, though in its m ...

Sexual dichromatism Sexual dimorphism is the condition where the sexes of the same animal and/or plant species exhibit different morphological characteristics, particularly characteristics not directly involved in reproduction. The condition occurs in most ani ...

is often prominent in adult oakblues.Brower (2008) The genus' delimitation versus ''

Amblypodia ''Amblypodia'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. Several species formerly placed here are now in ''Arhopala'' and ''Flos'', although this placement is not necessarily definite. The remaining species of ''Amblypodia'' are: * '' ...

'' and ''

Flos ''Flos'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The species of this genus are commonly known as plushblues and are found in the Indomalayan realm. Species *'' Flos diardi'' (Hewitson, 1862) - shining plushblue, bifid plushblue *'' ...

'' has proven to be problematic; not all issues are resolved and the assignment of species to these genera must be considered somewhat provisional.

Systematics

As circumscribed here, this genus includes many formerly independent genera.

Junior synonym The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linna ...

s of ''Arhopala'' are: * ''Acesina'' Moore, 1884 * ''Aurea'' Evans, 1957 * ''Daranasa'' Moore, 1884 (''

lapsus In philology, a lapsus (Latin for "lapse, slip, error") is an involuntary mistake made while writing or speaking. Investigations In 1895 an investigation into verbal slips was undertaken by a philologist and a psychologist, Rudolf Meringer and K ...

'') * ''Darasana'' Moore, 1884 * "Iois" Doherty, 1899 (''

nomen nudum In taxonomy, a ''nomen nudum'' ('naked name'; plural ''nomina nuda'') is a designation which looks exactly like a scientific name of an organism, and may have originally been intended to be one, but it has not been published with an adequate descr ...

'') * ''Narathura'' Moore, 1879 * ''Nilasera'' Moore, 1881 * ''Panchala'' Moore, 1882 * ''Satadra'' Moore, 1884 The species have been provisionally sorted into groups of presumed closest relatives, but many species remain insufficiently studied even for such a preliminary assessment at present. For example, '' A. phryxus'' – the

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...

used by

Jean Baptiste Boisduval Jean Baptiste Alphonse Déchauffour de Boisduval (24 June 1799 – 30 December 1879) was a French lepidopterist, botanist, and physician. He was one of the most celebrated lepidopterists of France, and was the co-founder of the Société entomol ...

when he described ''Arhopala'' in 1832 – was established at the same time as and specifically for this genus. It is considered to be a valid species of unclear affiliations, but it is suspected that Boisduval's

taxon In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular nam ...

is a junior synonym of '' A. thamyras'' – the namesake of its species group – which had been described as ''Papilio thamyras'' by

Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...

already in 1764.Brower (2008), and see Savela (2008) for additional references

Molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

studies have only sampled a fraction of the known diversity of oakblues, but as it seems at least some of the groups represent clades that could justifiably be treated as

subgenera In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between t ...

. It is also to be seen, however, if the genus is

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

in the loose sense as used here, or would need to be split up again.

Species

Species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

are listed alphabetically, while the groups are listed in the presumed

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...

sequence:

''centaurus'' group (subgenus ''Nilasera'' if valid) * ''

Arhopala acron ''Arhopala acron'' is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1862. It is found in the Australasian realm The Australasian realm is a biogeographic realm that is coincident with, but not (by some de ...

'' * '' Arhopala adherbal'' Grose-Smith, 1902 * '' Arhopala admete'' (Hewitson, 1863) * ''

Arhopala aexone ''Arhopala aexone '' is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was first described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1863. It is found in the Australasian realm The Australasian realm is a biogeographic realm that is coincident with ...

'' (Hewitson,

863 __NOTOC__ Year 863 ( DCCCLXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * September 3 – Battle of Lalakaon: A Byzantine army confronts ...

* ''

Arhopala alkisthenes ''Arhopala'' is a very large genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae). They are the type genus of the tribe Arhopalini. In the relatively wide circumscription used here, it contains over 200 species collectively known as oakblues. They o ...

'' Fruhstorfer, 1914 * '' Arhopala amantes'' – large oakblue * '' Arhopala ander'' * ''

Arhopala araxes ''Arhopala araxes'' is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Cajetan Felder and Rudolf Felder in 1865. It is found in the Indomalayan realm The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across m ...

'' C. & R.Felder,

865 __NOTOC__ Year 865 ( DCCCLXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * King Louis the German divides the East Frankish Kingdom among his three sons. C ...

/small> * '' Arhopala azenia'' * ''

Arhopala centaurus ''Arhopala centaurus'', the centaur oakblue or dull oakblue, is a species of lycaenid or blue butterfly found in India and southeast Asia to the Philippines. Description Image:Centaur Oakblue Nilasera centaurus at Jayanti, Duars, West Bengal ...

'' – centaur oakblue, dull oakblue * '' Arhopala eucolpis'' * '' Arhopala eurisus'' * ''

Arhopala kirwinii ''Arhopala kiriwinii'' is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by George Thomas Bethune-Baker in 1903. It is found in the Australasian realm The Australasian realm is a biogeographic realm that is coincident with, but not (by ...

'' Bethune-Baker, 1903 * '' Arhopala leander'' (Evans, 1957) * '' Arhopala madytus'' – bright oakblue * ''

Arhopala meander ''Arhopala meander'' , the bright oakblue, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1832. It is found in the Australasian realm The Australasian realm is a biogeographic realm that is coincident w ...

'' Boisduval, 1832 * '' Arhopala micale'' * ''

Arhopala philander ''Arhopala philander'', is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Cajetan and Rudolf Felder in 1865. It is found in the Australasian realm The Australasian realm is a biogeographic realm that is coincident with, but not (by s ...

'' C. & R.Felder,

/small> * ''

Arhopala pseudocentaurus ''Arhopala'' is a very large genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae). They are the type genus of the tribe Arhopalini. In the relatively wide circumscription used here, it contains over 200 species collectively known as oakblues. They o ...

'' (Doubleday, 1847) * '' Arhopala sophrosyne'' * '' Arhopala styx'' * '' Arhopala wanda'' ''agesias'' group * ''

Arhopala agesias ''Arhopala agesias '' is a species of butterfly belonging to the lycaenid family described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1862. It is found in Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known ...

'' (Hewitson, 1862) * '' Arhopala ijanensis'' Bethune-Baker, 1897 (tentatively placed here) * '' Arhopala kinabala'' Druce, 1895 * ''

Arhopala similis ''Arhopala similis'' is a species of butterfly belonging to the lycaenid family described by Hamilton Herbert Druce in 1895. It is found in Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as S ...

'' Druce, 1895 ''anthelus'' group (subgenus ''Narathura'' if valid) * ''

Arhopala achelous ''Arhopala achelous'' is a species of butterfly belonging to the Lycaenidae, lycaenid family that was described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1862. It is found in Southeast Asia (Peninsular Malaya, Singapore and Borneo).Adalbert Seitz, Seitz, A., ...

'' (Hewitson, 1862) * '' Arhopala antharita'' Grose-Smith, 1894 * ''

Arhopala anthelus ''Arhopala anthelus'', the angelus bush blue, is a species of lycaenid or blue butterfly found in the Indomalayan realm. Subspecies *''A. a. anthelus'' (Burma) *''A. a. anthea'' (Evans, 1925) (Mergui, southern Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos) *' ...

'' – anthelus bushblue * ''

Arhopala auxesia ''Arhopala auxesia '' is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1863. It is found in New Guinea and Sumatra Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island ...

'' * ''

Arhopala aedias ''Arhopala aedias'', the large metallic oakblue, is a species of butterfly belonging to the lycaenid family described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1862. It is found in Southeast Asia (Burma, Thailand, Peninsular Malaya, Sumatra, Bangka, Nias, B ...

'' (Hewitson, 1862) (tentatively placed here) * ''

Arhopala hypomuta ''Arhopala hypomuta'' is a species of butterfly belonging to the lycaenid family described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1862 . It is found in Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also kno ...

'' (Hewitson, 1862) (tentatively placed here) ''camdeo'' group * ''camdeo'' subgroup * '' Arhopala anarte'' (Hewitson, 1862) – magnificent oakblue * '' Arhopala belphoebe'' Doherty, 1889 * '' Arhopala camdana'' Corbet, 1941 * '' Arhopala camdeo'' (Moore,

858 __NOTOC__ Year 858 ( DCCCLVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Summer – King Louis the German, summoned by the disaffected Frankish ...

– lilac oakblue * '' Arhopala dispar'' Riley & Godfrey, 1921 * '' Arhopala hayashihisakazui'' Seki & Treadaway, 2013 * '' Arhopala hellada'' Fruhstorfer, 1914 * '' Arhopala johoreana'' Corbet, 1941 * '' Arhopala opalina'' – opal oakblue * '' Arhopala semperi'' Bethune-Baker, 1896 * '' Arhopala varro'' Fruhstorfer, 1914 * ''myrzala'' subgroup * ''

Arhopala bazaloides ''Arhopala bazaloides'', the Tamil oakblue, is a species of lycaenid or blue butterfly found in Asia. Also known as Lycaenidae, they are members of the superfamily Papilionoidea, the true butterflies. This family has approximately 4,700 species t ...

'' – Tamil oakblue * ''

Arhopala myrzala ''Arhopala myrzala'' is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1869. It is found in the Indomalayan realm The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across most o ...

'' (Hewitson, 1869) * '' Arhopala myrzalina'' Corbet, 1941 ''oenea'' group * '' Arhopala allata'' ** '' Arhopala allata suffusa'' – Tytler's rosy oakblue * ''

Arhopala khamti ''Arhopala khamti'' , Doherty's dull oakblue, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by William Doherty in 1891. It is found in the Indomalayan realm The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends ...

'' Doherty, 1891 – Khamti oakblue, Doherty's dull oakblue * '' Arhopala oenea'' (Hewitson, 1869) – Hewitson's oakblue ''epimuta'' group * '' Arhopala atosia'' (Hewitson,

* '' Arhopala epimuta'' (Moore,

* ''

Arhopala lurida ''Arhopala lurida '' is a species of butterfly belonging to the lycaenid family. It is found in Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA ...

'' Corbet, 1941 ''amphimuta'' group * ''amphimuta'' subgroup ** '' Arhopala alica'' (Evans, 1957) ** '' Arhopala amphimuta'' (C. & R.Felder, 1860) ** ''

Arhopala avathina ''Arhopala'' is a very large genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae). They are the type genus of the tribe Arhopalini. In the relatively wide circumscription used here, it contains over 200 species collectively known as oakblues. They o ...

'' Corbet, 1941 ** '' Arhopala baluensis'' Bethune-Baker, 1904 ** '' Arhopala dajagaka'' Bethune-Baker, 1896 ** ''

Arhopala delta ''Arhopala delta'' is a species of butterfly belonging to the lycaenid family described by William Harry Evans in 1957. It is found in Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southea ...

'' (Evans, 1957) ** '' Arhopala inornata'' (C. & R.Felder, 1860) (tentatively placed here) ** '' Arhopala kurzi'' (Distant, 1885) ** '' Arhopala major'' (Staudinger, 1889) ** ''

Arhopala moolaiana ''Arhopala moolaiana '' or pale yellow oakblue, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Frederic Moore in 1879. It is found in the Indomalayan realm The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It exten ...

'' (Moore,

879 __NOTOC__ Year 879 (Roman numerals, DCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * April 10 – King Louis the Stammerer dies at Compiègne, ...

** '' Arhopala norda'' (Evans, 1957) ** ''

Arhopala sceva ''Arhopala'' is a very large genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae). They are the type genus of the tribe Arhopalini. In the relatively wide circumscription used here, it contains over 200 species collectively known as oakblues. They o ...

'' Bethune-Baker, 1903 ** '' Arhopala stubbsi'' Eliot, 1962 ** '' Arhopala zylda'' Corbet, 1941 * ''muta'' subgroup ** '' Arhopala moorei'' Bethune-Baker, 1896 ** ''

Arhopala muta ''Arhopala muta '' (mutal oakblue) is a species of butterfly belonging to the lycaenid family described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1862. It is found in Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and ...

'' (Hewitson, 1862) ** '' Arhopala tropaea'' Corbet, 1941 * ''perimuta'' subgroup (subgenus ''Darasana'' if valid) ** '' Arhopala antimuta'' C. & R.Felder,

/small> ** '' Arhopala metamuta'' (Hewitson,

** '' Arhopala perimuta'' (Moore,

– yellow-disk tailless oakblue ''agesilaus'' group * '' Arhopala agesilaus'' (Staudinger, 1889) * '' Arhopala avatha'' de Nicéville,

896 __NOTOC__ Year 896 ( DCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * February – King Arnulf of Carinthia invades Italy at the head of an East ...

/small> * ''

Arhopala democritus ''Arhopala democritus'' or white-dot oakblue, is a species of butterfly belonging to the lycaenid family described by Johann Christian Fabricius in 1793. It is found in Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South- ...

'' (Fabricius, 1793) (tentatively placed here) ''alitaeus'' group * ''

Arhopala aida ''Arhopala aida'' or white-stained oakblue, is a species of butterfly belonging to the lycaenid family described by Lionel de Nicéville in 1889. It is found in Southeast Asia (Burma, Mergui, Thailand, Langkawi, Pulau Tenggol, Indochina, Hainan ...

'' de Nicéville, 1889 * '' Arhopala alitaeus'' * ''

Arhopala ariana ''Arhopala ariana'' is a species of butterfly belonging to the lycaenid family. It was described by William Harry Evans in 1925.925 Year 925 ( CMXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * May 15 – Nicholas I Mystikos, twice the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantin ...

* '' Arhopala arianaga'' Corbet, 1941 * '' Arhopala denta'' (Evans, 1957) * '' Arhopala elopura'' Druce, 1894 * ''

Arhopala havilandi ''Arhopala havilandi'' is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by George Thomas Bethune-Baker in 1896. It is found in the Indomalayan realm The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across mo ...

'' Bethune-Baker, 1896 * ''

Arhopala pseudomuta ''Arhopala pseudomuta'', Raffles's oakblue, is a species of butterfly belonging to the lycaenid family. It was described by Otto Staudinger in 1889. It is found in Southeast Asia - Peninsular Malaya, Singapore (''A. p. )pseudomuta''),Langkawi, M ...

'' (Staudinger, 1889) * ''

Arhopala sintanga ''Arhopala'' is a very large genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae). They are the type genus of the tribe Arhopalini. In the relatively wide circumscription used here, it contains over 200 species collectively known as oakblues. They o ...

'' Corbet, 1948 ''agrata'' group * '' Arhopala ace'' de Nicéville,

893 __FORCETOC__ Year 893 ( DCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Vladimir, ruler (''khan'') of the Bulgarian Empire, is dethroned by his fat ...

/small> – Tytler's oakblue * '' Arhopala agrata'' – de Niceville's oakblue * '' Arhopala azinis'' de Nicéville,

/small> ''cleander'' group * ''cleander'' subgroup ** '' Arhopala aruana'' (Evans, 1957) ** ''

Arhopala ate ''Arhopala ate'' is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1863. It is found in the Australasian realm The Australasian realm is a biogeographic realm that is coincident with, but not (by some defi ...

'' (Hewitson, 1863) ** '' Arhopala athada'' (Staudinger, 1889) ** '' Arhopala cleander'' (C.Felder, 1860) ** ''

Arhopala silhetensis ''Arhopala silhetensis'', the Sylhet oakblue, (sometimes placed in ''Amblypodia'') is a small butterfly found in India that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family. The species was first described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1862. Range T ...

'' – Sylhet oakblue ** '' Arhopala zambra'' Swinhoe,

911 911 or 9/11 may refer to: Dates * AD 911 * 911 BC * September 11 ** 9/11, the September 11 attacks of 2001 ** 11 de Septiembre, Chilean coup d'état in 1973 that outed the democratically elected Salvador Allende * November 9 Numbers * 911 ...

/small> * ''alea'' subgroup ** ''

Arhopala aenigma ''Arhopala'' is a very large genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae). They are the type genus of the tribe Arhopalini. In the relatively wide circumscription used here, it contains over 200 species collectively known as oakblues. They o ...

'' Eliot, 1972 ** '' Arhopala agaba'' – purple-glazed oakblue ** ''

Arhopala alea ''Arhopala alea'', the Kanara oakblue or rosy oakblue, is a species of lycaenid or blue butterfly. It is endemic to India. The species was first described by William Chapman Hewitson William Chapman Hewitson (9 January 1806, in Newcastle upon ...

'' – rosy oakblue ** '' Arhopala aroa'' (Hewitson,

** '' Arhopala aurelia'' (Evans,

925 Year 925 ( CMXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * May 15 – Nicholas I Mystikos, twice the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantin ...

** '' Arhopala evansi'' Corbet, 1941 ** '' Arhopala milleri'' Corbet, 1941 ** ''

Arhopala normani ''Arhopala normani '' is a species of butterfly belonging to the lycaenid family. It is found in Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SE ...

'' Eliot, 1972 ** ''

Arhopala phaenops ''Arhopala phaenops'', is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Cajetan Felder and Rudolf Felder in 1865. It is found in the Indomalayan realm The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends acr ...

'' C. & R.Felder,

/small> (including ''A. detrita'') ** ''

Arhopala phanda ''Arhopala'' is a very large genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae). They are the type genus of the tribe (biology), tribe Arhopalini. In the relatively wide circumscription used here, it contains over 200 species collectively known as ...

'' Corbet, 1941 ** ''

Arhopala ralanda ''Arhopala'' is a very large genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae). They are the type genus of the tribe (biology), tribe Arhopalini. In the relatively wide circumscription used here, it contains over 200 species collectively known as ...

'' Corbet, 1941 ** '' Arhopala selta'' (Hewitson, 1869) ** '' Arhopala sublustris'' Bethune-Baker, 1904 ** '' Arhopala vihara'' (C. & R. Felder, 1860) (tentatively placed here) ''eumolphus'' group * '' Arhopala acta'' (Evans, 1957) * '' Arhopala asma'' * ''

Arhopala bazalus ''Arhopala bazalus'', the powdered oakblue, is a lycaenid or blue butterfly first described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1852. It is found in Myanmar, mainland China, India (Assam, kerala and Sikkim), Indochina, Japan, the Philippines, and Tai ...

'' – powdered oakblue * ''

Arhopala chamaeleona ''Arhopala chamaeleona'' is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by George Thomas Bethune-Baker in 1903. It is found in the Indomalayan and Australasian realm The Australasian realm is a biogeographic realm that is coincident ...

'' Bethune-Baker, 1903 * ''

Arhopala corinda ''Arhopala corinda'' is a species of butterfly belonging to the lycaenid family described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1869. It is found in Southeast Asia (Peninsular Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo, Burma, Mergui, Langkawi and the Philippines). Evans ...

'' (Hewitson, 1869) (tentatively placed here) * '' Arhopala critala'' * '' Arhopala eumolphus'' – green oakblue * '' Arhopala florinda'' * ''

Arhopala hellenore ''Arhopala hellenore'', Doherty's green oakblue, is a species of butterfly belonging to the lycaenid family described by William Doherty in 1889. It is found in Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asi ...

'' Doherty, 1889 – Doherty's green oakblue * '' Arhopala horsfieldi'' * '' Arhopala irma'' Fruhstorfer, 1914 * '' Arhopala nobilis'' (Felder, 1860) * ''

Arhopala overdijkinki ''Arhopala'' is a very large genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae). They are the type genus of the tribe Arhopalini. In the relatively wide circumscription used here, it contains over 200 species collectively known as oakblues. They o ...

'' Corbet, 1941 * ''

Arhopala pagenstecheri ''Arhopala pagenstecheri'' is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Carl Ribbe in 1899. It is found in the Australasian realm where it is endemic to New Britain.Parsons, M., 1998. ''The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea'' xvi+736 ...

'' * ''

Arhopala tameanga ''Arhopala tameanga'' is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by George Thomas Bethune-Baker in 1896. It is found in the Indomalayan realm where it is endemic to Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest isla ...

'' Bethune-Baker, 1896 * '' Arhopala wildei'' ''rama'' group * ''

Arhopala arvina ''Arhopala arvina'', the purple-brown tailless oakblue, is a species of butterfly belonging to the lycaenid family. It was described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1869. It is found in Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South Eas ...

'' (Hewitson,

– purple-brown tailless oakblue * '' Arhopala buddha'' Bethune-Baker, 1903 * ''

Arhopala paralea ''Arhopala paralea'', the glazed oakblue, (sometimes in ''Amblypodia'') is a small butterfly found in India that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family. Range The butterfly occurs in India from Manipur to Shan states. Status It was considered ...

'' – glazed oakblue * ''

Arhopala rama ''Arhopala rama'', the dark Himalayan oakblue, (sometimes placed in ''Amblypodia'') is a small butterfly found in India, Indochina, China and Japan that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family. Range in India The butterfly occurs in the Indian ...

'' – dark Himalayan oakblue ''agelastus'' group * '' Arhopala agelastus'' (Hewitson, 1862) * '' Arhopala alaconia'' (Hewitson, 1869) * '' Arhopala alesia'' – pallid oakblue * ''

Arhopala barami ''Arhopala barami'' is a species of butterfly belonging to the lycaenid family described by George Thomas Bethune-Baker in 1903. It is found in Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known ...

'' Bethune-Baker, 1903 * ''

Arhopala cardoni ''Arhopala'' is a very large genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae). They are the type genus of the tribe Arhopalini. In the relatively wide circumscription used here, it contains over 200 species collectively known as oakblues. They o ...

'' Corbet, 1941 * ''

Arhopala epimete ''Arhopala epimete'', the violetdisc oakblue, is a species of butterfly belonging to the lycaenid family described by Otto Staudinger in 1889. It is found in Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, a ...

'' (Staudinger, 1889) * ''

Arhopala labuana ''Arhopala labuana '', is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by George Thomas Bethune-Baker in 1896. It is found in the Indomalayan realm The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across mos ...

'' Bethune-Baker, 1896 * '' Arhopala wildeyana'' Corbet, 1941 ''fulla'' group * ''

Arhopala disparilis ''Arhopala disparilis'' is a species of butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found on Serang and Ambon Ambon may refer to: Places * Ambon Island, an island in Indonesia ** Ambon, Maluku, a city on Ambon Island, the capital of Maluku provinc ...

'' * '' Arhopala fulla'' (Hewitson, 1862) – spotless oakblue ''aurea'' group (subgenus ''Aurea'' if valid) * '' Arhopala aurea'' (Hewitson, 1862) * '' Arhopala borneensis'' Bethune-Baker, 1896 * ''

Arhopala caeca ''Arhopala caeca'' is a species of butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found on Borneo, Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia ( ms, Semenanjung Malaysia; Jawi: سمننجڠ مليسيا), or the States of Malaya ( ms, Ne ...

'' (Hewitson,

* '' Arhopala stinga'' (Evans, 1957) * '' Arhopala trogon'' (Distant, 1884) ''ganesa'' group (subgenus ''Panchala'' if valid) * '' Arhopala ammon'' – Malayan oakblue * '' Arhopala ammonides'' (Doherty, 1891) * '' Arhopala ariel'' (Doherty, 1891) * '' Arhopala elizabethae'' (Eliot, 1959) * ''

Arhopala ganesa ''Arhopala ganesa'', the tailless bushblue,

'' – tailless bushblue * ''

Arhopala paraganesa ''Arhopala paraganesa'', the dusky bushblue, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Lionel de Nicéville in 1882. It is found in the Indomalayan realm The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It ext ...

'' (de Nicéville, 1882) – dusky bushblue * ''

Arhopala tomokoae ''Arhopala tomokoae'' is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. ''Panchala paraganesa tomokoae'' H. Hayashi, 1976 was moved to ''Arhopala paraganesa tomokoae'' by Schröder and Treadaway in 1955 and its status changed to ''Arhopala tomokoae'' by Sc ...

'' (H. Hayashi, 1976) ''abseus'' group * ''

Arhopala abseus ''Arhopala abseus'', the aberrant oakblue or aberrant bushblue, is a species of lycaenid or blue butterfly found in Asia. Description References Arhopala Butterflies of Asia Butterflies of Singapore Butterflies described in 1862 Tax ...

'' – aberrant oakblue, aberrant bushblue * ''

Arhopala anella ''Arhopala anella '' is a species of butterfly belonging to the lycaenid family. It is found in Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, ...

'' de Nicéville,

895 ' __NOTOC__ Year 895 (Roman numerals, DCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * The Hungarians, Magyars are expelled from southern Russia, and ...

/small> ''thamyras'' group * '' Arhopala arta'' * ''

Arhopala axina ''Arhopala'' is a very large genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae). They are the type genus of the tribe Arhopalini. In the relatively wide circumscription used here, it contains over 200 species collectively known as oakblues. They o ...

'' * '' Arhopala axiothea'' * '' Arhopala doreena'' * '' Arhopala helianthes'' * ''

Arhopala thamyras ''Arhopala thamyras'' is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. It is found in the Australasian realm The Australasian realm is a biogeographic realm that is coincident with, but not (by some definiti ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1764) ''hercules'' group * '' Arhopala hercules'' (Hewitson, 1862) * '' Arhopala herculina'' Staudinger, 1888 * '' Arhopala leo'' * '' Arhopala sophilus'' * '' Arhopala tyrannus''

Incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...

Dark Himalayan Oakblue Arhopala paramuta at Jayanti, Duars, West Bengal W IMG 5464 - cropped

* '' Arhopala aberrans'' (de Nicéville,

889 __NOTOC__ Year 889 ( DCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Guy III, duke of Spoleto, defeats the Lombard king Berengar I at the Tr ...

– pale bushblue * '' Arhopala acetes'' * ''

Arhopala aeeta ''Arhopala'' is a very large genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae). They are the type genus of the tribe Arhopalini. In the relatively wide circumscription used here, it contains over 200 species collectively known as oakblues. They o ...

'' de Nicéville,

/small> * ''

Arhopala alax ''Arhopala alax'', the silky oakblue,"''Amblypodia'' Horsfield, [1829]"at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms'' is a small butterfly found in India that belongs to the Lycaenidae, lycaenids or blues family. Range The butte ...

'' – silky oakblue * ''Arhopala alexandrae'' Schröder & Treadaway, 1978 * ''Arhopala anamuta'' Semper, 1890 * ''Arhopala annulata'' (Felder, 1860) * ''Arhopala argentea'' Staudinger, 1888 * '' Arhopala aronya'' (Hewitson, 1869) * ''

Arhopala arsenius ''Arhopala arsenius'' is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Cajetan Felder and Rudolf Felder in 1865. It is found in the Indomalayan realm where it is endemic to the Philippines (Luzon and Mindoro Mindoro is the seve ...

'' (C. & R.Felder,

* '' Arhopala asinarus'' C. & R.Felder,

/small> * ''

Arhopala asopia ''Arhopala asopia'', the plain tailless oakblue, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1869. It is found in the Indomalayan realm The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realm ...

'' (Hewitson, 869 – plain tailless oakblue * '' Arhopala atrax'' – dark broken-band oakblue, Indian oakblue (type species of ''Satadra'') * ''

Arhopala bella ''Arhopala bella'' is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by George Thomas Bethune-Baker in 1896. It is found in the Indomalayan realm where it is endemic to Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island ...

'' Bethune-Baker, 1896 * '' Arhopala birmana'' – Burmese bushblue * ''

Arhopala brooksiana ''Arhopala'' is a very large genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae). They are the type genus of the tribe Arhopalini. In the relatively wide circumscription used here, it contains over 200 species collectively known as oakblues. They o ...

'' Corbet, 1941 * '' Arhopala canaraica'' (Moore, 1884) * '' Arhopala comica'' de Nicéville, 1900 – comic oakblue * '' Arhopala curiosa'' (Evans, 1957) * '' Arhopala davaona'' Semper, 1890 * ''

Arhopala dodonaea ''Arhopala dodonaea'', the pale Himalayan oakblue, (sometimes listed as a synonym of ''Amblypodia rama'') is a small butterfly found in India that belongs to the Lycaenidae, lycaenids or blues family. Range The butterfly occurs in India (Kumaon d ...

'' – pale Himalayan oakblue * '' Arhopala dohertyi'' Bethune-Baker, 1903 * '' Arhopala ellisi'' Evans, 1914 – Ellis's bushblue * ''

Arhopala eridanus ''Arhopala eridanus'' is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Cajetan Felder in 1860. It is found in the Indomalayan realm. Seitz, A., 1912-1927. ''Die Indo-Australien Tagfalter Grossschmetterlinge Erde'' 9 Subspecies *''A. ...

'' * '' Arhopala grandimuta'' Seki, 1993 * '' Arhopala halma'' * ''

Arhopala halmaheira ''Arhopala'' is a very large genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae). They are the type genus of the tribe Arhopalini. In the relatively wide circumscription used here, it contains over 200 species collectively known as oakblues. They o ...

'' * '' Arhopala hellenoroides'' Chou & Gu, 1994 * '' Arhopala hesba'' (Hewitson, 1869) * '' Arhopala hinigugma'' Takanami, 1985 * '' Arhopala hylander'' * '' Arhopala ilocana'' Osada & Hashimoto, 1987 * '' Arhopala irregularis'' Bethune-Baker, 1903 * ''

Arhopala japonica ''Arhopala japonica'', the Japanese oakblue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Indochina, Japan, the Ryukyu Islands, the Korean Peninsula and Taiwan. The wingspan is 24–30 mm. The larvae feed on '' Pasania edulis'' ...

'' – Japanese oakblue * '' Arhopala lata'' (Evans, 1957) * '' Arhopala luzonensis'' Takanami & Ballantine, 1987 * ''

Arhopala matsutaroi ''Arhopala matsutaroi'' is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae first described by Hisakazu Hayashi in 1979. Its forewing length is 19 mm. It is endemic to the Philippines. It is uncommon and found only on Mindanao Mindanao ( ) ( Jawi: ...

'' (H. Hayashi, 1979) * '' Arhopala mindanensis'' * '' Arhopala mizunumai'' * ''

Arhopala myrtha ''Arhopala myrtha'' is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Otto Staudinger in 1889. It is found in the Indomalayan realm where it is endemic to Palawan Palawan (), officially the Province of Palawan ( cyo, Probinsya i ...

'' (Staudinger, 1889) * ''

Arhopala nakamotoi ''Arhopala'' is a very large genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae). They are the type genus of the tribe Arhopalini. In the relatively wide circumscription used here, it contains over 200 species collectively known as oakblues. They o ...

'' * '' Arhopala nicevillei'' Bethune-Baker, 1903 * ''

Arhopala ocrida ''Arhopala ocrida'', is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1869. It is found in the Indomalayan realm where it is endemic to the Philippines. Subspecies ''A. ocrida cionnii'' is described from the ...

'' (Hewitson, 1869) * '' Arhopala ormistoni'' – Ormiston's oakblue * '' Arhopala pabihira'' * '' Arhopala paramuta'' – hooked oakblue * ''

Arhopala phryxus ''Arhopala thamyras'' is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. It is found in the Australasian realm The Australasian realm is a biogeographic realm that is coincident with, but not (by some definiti ...

'' Boisduval, 1832 * '' Arhopala pseudovihara'' (H. Hayashi, 1981) * ''

Arhopala qiongdaoensis ''Arhopala'' is a very large genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae). They are the type genus of the tribe Arhopalini. In the relatively wide circumscription used here, it contains over 200 species collectively known as oakblues. They o ...

'' Chou & Gu, 1994 * '' Arhopala quercoides'' * ''

Arhopala rudepoema ''Arhopala'' is a very large genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae). They are the type genus of the tribe Arhopalini. In the relatively wide circumscription used here, it contains over 200 species collectively known as oakblues. They o ...

'' Seki,

995 Year 995 (Roman numerals, CMXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Japan * 17 May - Fujiwara no Michitaka (imperial regent) dies. * 3 June: Fujiwara no ...

/small> * ''

Arhopala sakaguchii ''Arhopala sakaguchii'' is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae first described by Hisakazu Hayashi in 1981. It is found on the Philippine islands of Negros and Mindoro Mindoro is the seventh largest and eighth-most populous island in the ...

'' (H. Hayashi, 1981) * '' Arhopala sangira'' Bethune-Baker, 1897 * ''

Arhopala schroederi ''Arhopala'' is a very large genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae). They are the type genus of the tribe Arhopalini. In the relatively wide circumscription used here, it contains over 200 species collectively known as oakblues. They o ...

'' * '' Arhopala siabra'' * ''

Arhopala simoni ''Arhopala'' is a very large genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae). They are the type genus of the tribe Arhopalini. In the relatively wide circumscription used here, it contains over 200 species collectively known as oakblues. They o ...

'' Schröder & Treadaway, 1999 * ''

Arhopala singla ''Arhopala singla'', the pointed oakblue, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Charles Lionel Augustus de Nicéville in 1885. It is found in the Indomalayan realm The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographi ...

'' (de Nicéville, 1885) – yellow-disk oakblue * ''

Arhopala staudingeri ''Arhopala staudingeri'' is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Georg Semper in 1890. It is found in the Indomalayan realm, where it is endemic to the Philippines. Seitz, A., 1912-1927. ''Die Indo-Australien Tagfal ...

'' Semper, 1890 * '' Arhopala straatmani'' * '' Arhopala tephlis'' * '' Arhopala theba'' (Hewitson,

* '' Arhopala tindongani'' Nuyda & Takanami, 1990 * '' Arhopala trionaea'' Semper, 1890 (''camdeo'' group?) * ''

Arhopala weelii ''Arhopala'' is a very large genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae). They are the type genus of the tribe Arhopalini. In the relatively wide circumscription used here, it contains over 200 species collectively known as oakblues. They o ...

'' * ''

Arhopala zeta ''Arhopala'' is a very large genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae). They are the type genus of the tribe Arhopalini. In the relatively wide circumscription used here, it contains over 200 species collectively known as oakblues. They o ...

Footnotes

References

* Brower, Andrew V. Z. (2008): Tree of Life Web Project &ndash
''Arhopala''
Version of 2008-APR-09. Retrieved 2009-MAR-21. * Savela, Markku (2008): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms &ndash

Version of 2008-AUG-06. Retrieved 2009-MAR-21. *Evans, W H, 1957 A revision of the ''Arhopala'' group of Oriental Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) ''Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)'', London, Entomology Volume 5 : 85- 14
online

External links

Images representing ''Arhopala''
at

Consortium for the Barcode of Life The Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) was an international initiative dedicated to supporting the development of DNA barcoding as a global standard for species identification. CBOL's Secretariat Office is hosted by the National Museum of ...

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1762514 Arhopalini Lycaenidae genera Taxa named by Jean Baptiste Boisduval