''Argyrodes'', also called dewdrop spiders, is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1864. They occur worldwide, and are best known for their

kleptoparasitism Kleptoparasitism (etymologically, parasitism by theft) is a form of feeding in which one animal deliberately takes food from another. The strategy is evolutionarily stable when stealing is less costly than direct feeding, which can mean when foo ...

. They can spin their own webs, but tend to invade and reside in their hosts' webs. This relationship can be

commensal Commensalism is a long-term biological interaction (symbiosis) in which members of one species gain benefits while those of the other species neither benefit nor are harmed. This is in contrast with mutualism, in which both organisms benefit fro ...

or even mutual if the dewdrop spider feeds on small trapped insects that are not eaten by the host.Tso 2000 Some species can even prey upon the host.Guarisco 1999 The genus name is a combination of the

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic peri ...

" argyros" (), meaning "silver", and the suffix "-odes", meaning "like".

Description

Most species are relatively small, and many are black with silvery markings. '' A. incursus'' has a body length of , while '' A. fissifrons'' has a body length of about . The body has a characteristic conical or triangle shape with a shorter third pair of legs, common in web dwelling spiders. The silver coloration of ''Argyrodes'' may be able to attract moths and other insects as it stimulates their photoreceptors and may resemble starlight.

Distribution

Most ''Argyrodes'' are found in the tropics, though fifteen species are found in the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

. The species found in the United States include ''elevatus,'' which are found in the southern parts of the US, ''nephilae,'' found in Florida, and ''pluto,'' found in Maryland, Virginia, and Missouri. ''Pluto'' species have been found as far south as Chihuahua and Jamaica as well.

Behavior

''Argyrodes'' are kleptoparasitic spiders that live on the webs created by

orb-weaver spider Orb-weaver spiders are members of the spider family Araneidae. They are the most common group of builders of spiral wheel-shaped webs often found in gardens, fields, and forests. The English word "orb" can mean "circular", hence the English name ...

s. These spiders feed on the small prey items caught in the host webs that they parasitize. In some instances, ''Argyrodes'' may even feed on previously digested carcasses that remain on the web. While these spiders are well known for being kleptoparasitic, they are also arachnophagous, meaning they prey on other spiders. ''Argyrodes'' will wait for a time when the host spider is vulnerable, such as during molting, and will attack and feed on it. This is true for the host spider's offspring as well, however ''Agyrodes'' will only feed on other spiders in some instances. It has been suggested that ''Argyrodes'' may have a mutualistic relationship with the host. The silver coloration of ''Argyrodes'' was found to attract more prey, particularly moths, to the host's web. This allows for larger prey items to be attracted for the host spider while ''Argyrodes'' is able to consume the smaller unwanted prey. A common misconception about ''Argyrodes'' is that it steals prey from the host spider, but recent research has showed that ''Argyrodes'' rarely steals large prey items from the host, and only eats what the host spider typically does not want. They have been noticed in complex

Joro spider ''Trichonephila clavata'', also known as the , is a member of the '' Trichonephila'' genus. The spider can be found throughout Japan (except Hokkaidō), Korea, Taiwan, China, and since 2020, much of northeastern Georgia and northwestern South C ...

webs, for example. Kleptoparasitic spiders such as ''Argyrodes'' tend to prefer larger host webs over small ones, and multiple spiders often inhabit the same host web. Clustered webs were found to be preferred by ''Arygrodes'', but only because these webs are generally larger than isolated ones. There does not appear to be any preference for clustered webs over isolated webs when comparing the number of spiders per web area. Kleptoparasitic spiders tend to spend much of their time on the outskirts of the host web, using this area as a safe place outside of the host spiders typical monitoring range. In addition to stealing food from the host web, dewdrop spiders are also known to use the host web as a location for mating as well as a place to hang their egg sacs.

Species

it contains ninety-three species and five subspecies, found in Asia, South America, North America, Oceania, Africa, the Caribbean, on the

Canary Islands The Canary Islands (; es, Canarias, ), also known informally as the Canaries, are a Spanish autonomous community and archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, in Macaronesia. At their closest point to the African mainland, they are west of Morocc ...

, and

Saint Helena Saint Helena () is a British overseas territory located in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is a remote volcanic tropical island west of the coast of south-western Africa, and east of Rio de Janeiro in South America. It is one of three constitu ...

: *'' A. abscissus''

O. Pickard-Cambridge Octavius Pickard-Cambridge FRS (3 November 1828 – 9 March 1917) was an English clergyman and zoologist. He was a keen arachnologist who described and named more than 900 species of spider. Life and work Pickard-Cambridge was born in Blox ...

, 1880 –

Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...

*'' A. alannae'' Grostal, 1999 – Eastern Australia *'' A. ambalikae'' Tikader, 1970 –

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

*'' A. amboinensis'' Thorell, 1878 –

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

(

Sulawesi Sulawesi (), also known as Celebes (), is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater Sunda Islands, and the world's eleventh-largest island, it is situated east of Borneo, west of the Maluku Islands, and south of Mindanao and the Sulu Ar ...

, Ambon), New Guinea,

New Caledonia ) , anthem = "" , image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg , map_alt = Location of New Caledonia , map_caption = Location of New Caledonia , mapsize = 290px , subdivision_type = Sovereign st ...

*'' A. antipodianus'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 –

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

, New Caledonia,

New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...

*'' A. apiculatus'' Thorell, 1895 –

Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...

*'' A. argentatus'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – India, Indonesia to China. Introduced to Hawaii *'' A. argyrodes'' (Walckenaer, 1841) ( type) – Mediterranean to West Africa,

Seychelles Seychelles (, ; ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (french: link=no, République des Seychelles; Creole: ''La Repiblik Sesel''), is an archipelagic state consisting of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city, V ...

*'' A. atriapicatus''

Strand Strand may refer to: Topography *The flat area of land bordering a body of water, a: ** Beach ** Shoreline *Strand swamp, a type of swamp habitat in Florida Places Africa *Strand, Western Cape, a seaside town in South Africa * Strand Street, ...

, 1906 –

Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...

*'' A. bandanus'' Strand, 1911 – Indonesia (Banda Is.) *'' A. benedicti'' Lopez, 1988 –

French Guiana French Guiana ( or ; french: link=no, Guyane ; gcr, label=French Guianese Creole, Lagwiyann ) is an overseas departments and regions of France, overseas department/region and single territorial collectivity of France on the northern Atlantic ...

*'' A. binotatus'' Rainbow, 1915 – Australia *'' A. bonadea'' ( Karsch, 1881) – India,

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic o ...

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

*'' A. borbonicus'' Lopez, 1990 –

Réunion Réunion (; french: La Réunion, ; previously ''Île Bourbon''; rcf, label= Reunionese Creole, La Rényon) is an island in the Indian Ocean that is an overseas department and region of France. It is located approximately east of the island ...

*'' A. callipygus'' Thorell, 1895 – Myanmar *'' A. calmettei'' Lopez, 1990 – Réunion *'' A. chionus'' Roberts, 1983 – Seychelles (Aldabra) *'' A. chiriatapuensis'' Tikader, 1977 – India (Andaman Is.) *'' A. chounguii'' Lopez, 2010 –

Mayotte Mayotte (; french: Mayotte, ; Shimaore: ''Maore'', ; Kibushi: ''Maori'', ), officially the Department of Mayotte (french: Département de Mayotte), is an overseas department and region and single territorial collectivity of France. It is loc ...

*'' A. coactatus'' Lopez, 1988 – French Guiana *'' A. cognatus'' ( Blackwall, 1877) – Seychelles *'' A. convivans'' Lawrence, 1937 –

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri ...

*'' A. cylindratus'' Thorell, 1898 – China, Myanmar to Japan *'' A. cyrtophorae'' Tikader, 1963 – India *'' A. delicatulus'' Thorell, 1878 – Indonesia (Ambon) *'' A. dipali'' Tikader, 1963 – India *'' A. elevatus''

Taczanowski Taczanowski (Polish feminine: Taczanowska; plural: Taczanowscy) is the surname of a Polish szlachta (nobility) family from Poznań bearing the Jastrzębiec coat of arms and the motto: ''Plus penser que dire''. They took their name from th ...

, 1873 – USA to Argentina, Galapagos Is. *'' A. exlineae'' ( Caporiacco, 1949) –

Kenya ) , national_anthem = "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Nairobi , coordinates = , largest_city = Nairobi , ...

*'' A. fasciatus'' Thorell, 1892 –

Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...

Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, borde ...

*'' A. fissifrons'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 – Sri Lanka to Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, China, Australia (

Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_ ...

) **'' Argyrodes f. terressae'' Thorell, 1891 – India (Nicobar Is.) *'' A. fissifrontellus'' Saaristo, 1978 – Seychelles *'' A. flavescens'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – India, Sri Lanka to Japan, New Guinea *'' A. flavipes'' Rainbow, 1916 – Australia (Queensland) *'' A. fragilis'' Thorell, 1877 – Indonesia (Sulawesi) *'' A. gazedes'' Tikader, 1970 – India *'' A. gazingensis'' Tikader, 1970 – India *'' A. gemmatus'' Rainbow, 1920 – Australia (Lord Howe Is.) *'' A. gouri'' Tikader, 1963 – India *'' A. gracilis'' (

L. Koch Ludwig Carl Christian Koch (8 November 1825 – 1 November 1908) was a German entomologist and arachnologist. He was born in Regensburg, Germany, and died in Nuremberg, Germany. He studied in Nuremberg, initially law, but then turned to medicin ...

, 1872) – Australia (Lord Howe Is.), New Caledonia,

Samoa Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa; sm, Sāmoa, and until 1997 known as Western Samoa, is a Polynesian island country consisting of two main islands (Savai'i and Upolu); two smaller, inhabited islands (Manono Island, Manono an ...

*'' A. hawaiiensis'' Simon, 1900 –

Hawaii Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only stat ...

*'' A. ilipoepoe'' Rivera & Gillespie, 2010 – Hawaii *'' A. incertus'' Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is. *'' A. incisifrons'' Keyserling, 1890 – Australia (Queensland) *'' A. incursus'' Gray & Anderson, 1989 – Australia (

New South Wales ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , es ...

, Lord Howe Is.) *'' A. insectus''

Schmidt Schmidt may refer to: * Schmidt (surname), including list of people with the surname * Schmidt (singer) (born 1990), German pop and jazz singer * Schmidt (lunar crater), a small lunar impact crater * Schmidt (Martian crater), a List of craters on ...

, 2005 – Cape Verde Is. *'' A. jamkhedes'' Tikader, 1963 – India *'' A. kratochvili'' (Caporiacco, 1949) – Kenya *'' A. kualensis'' Hogg, 1927 – Malaysia *'' A. kulczynskii'' ( Roewer, 1942) – New Guinea *'' A. kumadai'' Chida & Tanikawa, 1999 – China, Taiwan, Japan *'' A. laja'' Rivera & Gillespie, 2010 – Hawaii *'' A. lanyuensis'' Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus, 1998 – Taiwan *'' A. latifolium'' Liu, Irfan & Peng, 2019 – China *'' A. lepidus'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – New Zealand *'' A. levuca'' Strand, 1915 –

Fiji Fiji ( , ,; fj, Viti, ; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी, ''Fijī''), officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. It lies about north-northeast of New Zealand. Fiji consists ...

*'' A. lucmae''

Chamberlin The Chamberlin is an electro-mechanical keyboard instrument that was a precursor to the Mellotron. It was developed and patented by the American inventor Harry Chamberlin from 1949 to 1956, when the first model was introduced. There are severa ...

, 1916 –

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Fi ...

*'' A. maculiger'' Strand, 1911 – Indonesia (Kei Is.) *'' A. margaritarius'' (Rainbow, 1894) – Australia (New South Wales) *'' A. mellissi'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1870) – St. Helena *'' A. mertoni'' Strand, 1911 – Indonesia (Aru Is.) **'' Argyrodes m. poecilior'' Strand, 1913 –

Central Africa Central Africa is a subregion of the African continent comprising various countries according to different definitions. Angola, Burundi, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, ...

*'' A. miltosus'' Zhu & Song, 1991 – China *'' A. minax'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – Madagascar,

Comoros The Comoros,, ' officially the Union of the Comoros,; ar, الاتحاد القمري ' is an independent country made up of three islands in southeastern Africa, located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean. It ...

*'' A. miniaceus'' (

Doleschall Carl Ludwig Doleschall ( hu, Doleschall Lajos; sk, Karol Ľudovít Doležal; born 15 July 1827 – died 26 February 1859) was born in Vág-Újhely, Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire (now Nové Mesto nad Váhom, Slovakia), as the son of the theolo ...

, 1857) – Korea, Japan to Australia *'' A. modestus'' Thorell, 1899 –

Cameroon Cameroon (; french: Cameroun, ff, Kamerun), officially the Republic of Cameroon (french: République du Cameroun, links=no), is a country in west-central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north; Chad to the northeast; the C ...

*'' A. nasutus'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 –

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...

*'' A. neocaledonicus''

Berland Berland is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bjørn Berland (born 1977), Norwegian footballer *Eliezer Berland (born 1937), Israeli Breslov rabbi * François Berland (born 1958), French actor *Gary Berland (1950–1988), Americ ...

, 1924 – New Caledonia *'' A. nephilae'' Taczanowski, 1873 – USA, Caribbean to Argentina, Galapagos Is. Introduced to India *'' A. parcestellatus'' Simon, 1909 –

Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...

*'' A. pluto''

Banks A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans. Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through capital markets. Because ...

, 1906 – USA,

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

Jamaica Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and Hispaniola). Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, and west of His ...

*'' A. praeacutus'' Simon, 1903 –

Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea ( es, Guinea Ecuatorial; french: Guinée équatoriale; pt, Guiné Equatorial), officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea ( es, link=no, República de Guinea Ecuatorial, french: link=no, République de Guinée équatoria ...

*'' A. projeles'' Tikader, 1970 – India *'' A. rainbowi'' (Roewer, 1942) – Australia (Queensland, New South Wales) *'' A. reticola'' Strand, 1911 – Indonesia (Aru Is.) *'' A. rostratus'' Blackwall, 1877 – Seychelles *'' A. samoensis'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – New Caledonia, Samoa *'' A. scapulatus'' Schmidt & Piepho, 1994 – Cape Verde Is. *'' A. scintillulanus'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – India, Sri Lanka *'' A. sextuberculosus'' Strand, 1908 –

Mozambique Mozambique (), officially the Republic of Mozambique ( pt, Moçambique or , ; ny, Mozambiki; sw, Msumbiji; ts, Muzambhiki), is a country located in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi ...

, Madagascar **'' Argyrodes s. dilutior'' (Caporiacco, 1940) – Ethiopia *'' A. strandi'' (Caporiacco, 1940) – Ethiopia *'' A. stridulator'' Lawrence, 1937 – South Africa *'' A. sublimis'' L. Koch, 1872 – Fiji *'' A. sundaicus'' (Doleschall, 1859) –

Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bo ...

, Indonesia (

Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's List ...

), Papua New Guinea (

New Britain New Britain ( tpi, Niu Briten) is the largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago, part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. It is separated from New Guinea by a northwest corner of the Solomon Sea (or with an island hop of Umboi the Dam ...

) *'' A. tenuis'' Thorell, 1877 – Indonesia (Sulawesi) **'' Argyrodes t. infumatus'' Thorell, 1878 – Indonesia (Ambon) *'' A. tripunctatus'' Simon, 1877 – Philippines *'' A. unimaculatus'' ( Marples, 1955) – Samoa, Tongatabu,

Niue Niue (, ; niu, Niuē) is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean, northeast of New Zealand. Niue's land area is about and its population, predominantly Polynesian, was about 1,600 in 2016. Niue is located in a triangle between Tong ...

*'' A. vatovae'' (Caporiacco, 1940) – Ethiopia *'' A. viridis'' (Vinson, 1863) – Madagascar, Réunion *'' A. vittatus'' Bradley, 1877 – New Guinea *'' A. weyrauchi'' Exline &

Levi Levi (; ) was, according to the Book of Genesis, the third of the six sons of Jacob and Leah (Jacob's third son), and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Levi (the Levites, including the Kohanim) and the great-grandfather of Aaron, Moses and M ...

, 1962 – Peru *'' A. wolfi'' Strand, 1911 – New Guinea *'' A. yunnanensis'' Xu, Yin & Kim, 2000 – China *'' A. zhui'' Zhu & Song, 1991 – China *'' A. zonatus'' (Walckenaer, 1841) – Equatorial Guinea (

Bioko Bioko (; historically Fernando Po; bvb, Ëtulá Ëria) is an island off the west coast of Africa and the northernmost part of Equatorial Guinea. Its population was 335,048 at the 2015 census and it covers an area of . The island is located of ...

East Africa East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territories make up Eastern Africa: Due to the historical ...

, Madagascar, Réunion, Mayotte **'' Argyrodes z. occidentalis'' Simon, 1903 –

Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau ( ; pt, Guiné-Bissau; ff, italic=no, 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤄𞤭𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮, Gine-Bisaawo, script=Adlm; Mandinka: ''Gine-Bisawo''), officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau ( pt, República da Guiné-Bissau, links=no ) ...

Formerly included: *''A. aculeatus'' (Thorell, 1898) (Transferred to ''

Rhomphaea ''Rhomphaea'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Ludwig Carl Christian Koch in 1872. Species it contains thirty-three species, found worldwide: Image:Rhomphaea urquharti 5921172.jpg, ''R. urquharti'' Image:Rhomphaea_ ...

'') *''A. acuminatus'' Keyserling, 1891 (Transferred to ''

Faiditus ''Faiditus'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1884. Species it contains fifty-nine species, all found in the Americas except for ''F. xiphias'', found in"Asia: *'' F. acuminatus'' (Keyserlin ...

'') *''A. acuminatus'' (Schenkel, 1953) (Transferred to '' Chrysso'') *''A. affinis'' (Lessert, 1936) (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. alticeps'' Keyserling, 1891 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. altus'' Keyserling, 1891 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. amates'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. americanus'' (Taczanowski, 1874) (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. analiae'' González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. andamanensis'' Tikader, 1977 (Transferred to ''

Meotipa ''Meotipa'' is a genus of Theridiidae, comb-footed spiders that was first described by Eugène Simon, Eugène Louis Simon in 1895. Species it contains eighteen species, found in Asia, Papua New Guinea, and on the Pacific Islands: *''Meotipa anda ...

'') *''A. angulipalpis'' (Thorell, 1877) (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. anomalus'' (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936) (Transferred to '' Synotaxus'') *''A. argenteolus'' (Simon, 1873) (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. argentiopunctatus'' Rainbow, 1916 (Transferred to ''

Thwaitesia ''Thwaitesia'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1881. ''T. affinis'' females are long, and males are long. ''T. bracteata'' are about the same size. They are similar in appearance to m ...

'') *''A. argyrodiformis'' (Yaginuma, 1952) (Transferred to ''Meotipa'') *''A. arthuri'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. atopus'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. baboquivari'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''

Neospintharus ''Neospintharus'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by H. Exline in 1950. It was synonymized with ''Argyrodes'' in 1962, but revalidated in 2004. Species it contains thirteen species, found in the Caribbean, South Ameri ...

'') *''A. barycephalus'' Roberts, 1983 (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. birgitae'' (Strand, 1917) (Transferred to ''

Ariamnes Ariamnes I ( grc, Ἀριάμνης ''Ariámnēs''; fl. 4th century BC; ruled 362–350 BC) was satrap of Cappadocia under Persian suzerainty. Son of Datames and father of Ariarathes I and his brother Orophernes (Holophernes), Diodorus states th ...

'') *''A. bryantae'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. campestratus'' (Simon, 1903) (Transferred to ''Ariamnes'') *''A. canariensis'' (Schmidt, 1956) (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. cancellatus'' (Hentz, 1850) (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. carnicobarensis'' Tikader, 1977 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. caronae'' González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. caudatus'' (Taczanowski, 1874) (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. ceraosus'' Zhu & Song, 1991 (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. chicaensis'' González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. chickeringi'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. cochleaformus'' (Exline, 1945) (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. colubrinus'' (Keyserling, 1890) (Transferred to ''Ariamnes'') *''A. cometes'' (L. Koch, 1872) (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. concisus'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Neospintharus'') *''A. conus'' González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. convolutus'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. cordillera'' (Exline, 1945) (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. corniger'' (Simon, 1900) (Transferred to ''Ariamnes'') *''A. cristinae'' González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. crucinotus'' Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 (Transferred to ''

Leucauge ''Leucauge'' () is a spider genus of long-jawed orb weavers, with over 160 species and fully pantropical distribution. The genus was first documented in Scottish zoologist Adam White's 1841 ''Description of new or little known Arachnida''. Char ...

'') *''A. cubensis'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. cylindricus'' Franganillo, 1936 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. cylindrogaster'' (Simon, 1889) (Transferred to ''Ariamnes'') *''A. darlingtoni'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. davisi'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. delicatulus'' (Simon, 1883) (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. dracus'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. duckensis'' González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. ecaudatus'' (Keyserling, 1884) (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. exiguus'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. fictilium'' (Hentz, 1850) (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. flagellum'' (Doleschall, 1857) (Transferred to ''Ariamnes'') *''A. flagellum'' (Simon, 1901) (Transferred to ''Ariamnes'') *''A. flavonotatus'' (Urquhart, 1890) (Transferred to ''

Tekelloides ''Tekelloides'' is a genus of South Pacific araneomorph spiders in the family Cyatholipidae, and was first described by Raymond Robert Forster in 1988. it contains only two species, both found in New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ...

'') *''A. floridanus'' Banks, 1900 (Transferred to '' Coleosoma'') *''A. frontatus'' Banks, 1908 (Transferred to ''Neospintharus'') *''A. fulvus'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. fur'' Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 (Transferred to ''Neospintharus'') *''A. gansuensis'' Zhu, 1998 (Transferred to ''Neospintharus'') *''A. gapensis'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. gertschi'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. globosus'' Keyserling, 1884 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. godmani'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. haitensis'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Ariamnes'') *''A. helminthoides'' (Simon, 1907) (Transferred to ''Ariamnes'') *''A. huangsangensis'' Yin, Peng & Bao, 2004 (Transferred to ''

Spheropistha ''Spheropistha'' is a genus of Asian Theridiidae, comb-footed spiders that was first described by T. Yaginuma in 1957. Species it contains seven species, found in Taiwan, Japan, and China: *''Spheropistha huangsangensis'' (Yin, Peng & Bao, 2004) ...

'') *''A. hyrcanus'' Logunov & Marusik, 1990 (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. iguazuensis'' González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. indignus'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. irroratus'' (Thorell, 1898) (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. jamaicensis'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. jeanneli'' (Berland, 1920) (Transferred to ''Ariamnes'') *''A. labiatus'' Zhu & Song, 1991 (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. lactifer'' (Simon, 1909) (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. laraensis'' González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. leonensis'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. levii'' Zhu & Song, 1991 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. longispinus'' Saito, 1933 (Transferred to ''

Cyclosa ''Cyclosa'', also called trashline orbweavers, is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by Anton Menge in 1866. Widely distributed worldwide, spiders of the genus ''Cyclosa'' build relatively small orb webs with a web decoration. The we ...

'') *''A. longissimus'' (Keyserling, 1891) (Transferred to ''Ariamnes'') *''A. longus'' (Kulczyński, 1905) (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. manta'' (Exline, 1945) (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. mariae'' González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. martinae'' (Exline, 1950) (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. melanosoma'' (Yaginuma, 1957) (Transferred to ''Spheropistha'') *''A. metaltissimus'' (Soares & Camargo, 1948) (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. mexicanus'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Ariamnes'') *''A. miyashitai'' Tanikawa, 1998 (Transferred to ''Spheropistha'') *''A. monoceros'' (Caporiacco, 1947) (Transferred to ''Synotaxus'') *''A. montanus'' Keyserling, 1884 (Transferred to ''Neospintharus'') *''A. morretensis'' González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. nasicus'' (Simon, 1873) (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. nataliae'' González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. nigronodosus'' Rainbow, 1912 (Transferred to ''Thwaitesia'') *''A. nigroris'' Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus, 2000 (Transferred to ''Spheropistha'') *''A. nipponicus'' Kumada, 1990 (Transferred to ''Neospintharus'') *''A. obscurus'' Keyserling, 1884 (Transferred to ''Neospintharus'') *''A. orbitus'' Zhu, 1998 (Transferred to ''Spheropistha'') *''A. oris'' González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. ornatissimus'' (Dyal, 1935) (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. pachysomus'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. palmarensis'' González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. paradoxus'' Taczanowski, 1873 (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. parvior'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. parvus'' (Exline, 1950) (Transferred to ''Neospintharus'') *''A. patersoniensis'' (Hickman, 1927) (Transferred to ''Ariamnes'') *''A. pavesii'' (Leardi, 1902) (Transferred to ''Ariamnes'') *''A. peruensis'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. pignalitoensis'' González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. pizai'' (Soares & Camargo, 1948) (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. plaumanni'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. pozonae'' (Schenkel, 1953) (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. proboscifer'' (Exline, 1945) (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. pulcher'' (Soares & Camargo, 1948) (Transferred to ''Ariamnes'') *''A. pusillus'' Saaristo, 1978 (Transferred to '' Argyrodella'') *''A. quasiobtusus'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. recurvatus'' Saaristo, 1978 (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. remotus'' (Bryant, 1940) (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. rhomboides'' Yin, Peng & Bao, 2004 (Transferred to ''Spheropistha'') *''A. rigidus'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. rioensis'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Neospintharus'') *''A. rorerae'' (Exline, 1945) (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. rossi'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. rostratus'' (Simon, 1873) (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. rufopictus'' (Thorell, 1895) (Transferred to ''Ariamnes'') *''A. russulus'' (Simon, 1903) (Transferred to ''Ariamnes'') *''A. saganus'' (Dönitz & Strand, 1906) (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. schlingeri'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Ariamnes'') *''A. setipes'' (Hasselt, 1882) (Transferred to ''Ariamnes'') *''A. sicki'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. simoni'' (Petrunkevitch, 1911) (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. sinicus'' Zhu & Song, 1991 (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. sinuatus'' (Schenkel, 1953) (Transferred to ''Ariamnes'') *''A. sjostedti'' (Tullgren, 1910) (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. socius'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. solidao'' Levi, 1967 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. spinicaudatus'' (Keyserling, 1884) (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. spinosus'' (Badcock, 1932) (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. spinosus'' Keyserling, 1884 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. striatus'' Keyserling, 1891 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. subflavus'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. sullana'' (Exline, 1945) (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. taeter'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. tanikawai'' (Yoshida, 2001) (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. triangularis'' Taczanowski, 1873 (Transferred to ''Neospintharus'') *''A. triangulatus'' (Urquhart, 1887) (Transferred to ''Ariamnes'') *''A. triangulus'' (Thorell, 1887) (Transferred to ''Ariamnes'') *''A. trigonum'' (Hentz, 1850) (Transferred to ''Neospintharus'') *''A. trituberculatus'' Becker, 1879 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. ululabilis'' Keyserling, 1891 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. urquharti'' (Bryant, 1933) (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. v-notatus'' (Petrunkevitch, 1925) (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. vadoensis'' González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. velhaensis'' González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to ''Rhomphaea'') *''A. vexus'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. vittatulus'' (Roewer, 1942) (Transferred to ''Chrysso'') *''A. woytkowskii'' Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. xiphias'' Thorell, 1887 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. yacuiensis'' González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'') *''A. yesoensis'' Saito, 1934 (Transferred to ''

Octonoba ''Octonoba'' is a genus of Asian cribellate orb weavers first described in 1979 by Brent Opell. Members of this genus and those of ''Purumitra'' both have a large concave median apophysis and a conspicuous hematodocha. However, these spiders ar ...

'') *''A. yutoensis'' González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to ''Faiditus'')

Nomina dubia In binomial nomenclature, a ''nomen dubium'' (Latin for "doubtful name", plural ''nomina dubia'') is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application. Zoology In case of a ''nomen dubium'' it may be impossible to determine whether a s ...

*''A. meus'' Strand, 1907 *''A. silvicola'' Saito, 1934

Gallery

References

External links

Photos of Argyrodes in Portugal
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1755286 Araneomorphae genera Cosmopolitan spiders Theridiidae