Arendalsk, Arendal dialect or Arendal Norwegian (
Bokmål
Bokmål () (, ; ) is an official written standard for the Norwegian language, alongside Nynorsk. Bokmål is the preferred written standard of Norwegian for 85% to 90% of the population in Norway. Unlike, for instance, the Italian language, there ...
and
Nynorsk
Nynorsk () () is one of the two written standards of the Norwegian language, the other being Bokmål. From 12 May 1885, it became the state-sanctioned version of Ivar Aasen's standard Norwegian language ( no, Landsmål) parallel to the Dano-Nor ...
: , ; the Arendal dialect: ) is a dialect of
Norwegian
Norwegian, Norwayan, or Norsk may refer to:
*Something of, from, or related to Norway, a country in northwestern Europe
*Norwegians, both a nation and an ethnic group native to Norway
*Demographics of Norway
*The Norwegian language, including the ...
used in
Arendal
Arendal () is a List of municipalities of Norway, municipality in Agder counties of Norway, county in southeastern Norway. Arendal belongs to the Districts of Norway, region of Southern Norway, Sørlandet. The administrative centre of the munici ...
.
Phonology
* Intervocalic are realized as voiced . This feature appeared in this dialect in the 20th century.
* A uvular realization of was established in Arendal before the 20th century.
* is frequently dropped, so that e.g. ''Lars'' becomes ''Læs''.
* The ending is pronounced , so that the word for 'basement' is ''kjeller'' in Bokmål, but ''kjellå'' in the Arendal dialect.
According to the linguist Gjert Kristoffersen, a recent change is that the postvocalic is ''vocalized'' to , rather than dropped. The phonetic diphthongs and may be monophthongized and lowered to, respectively, and , so that the words for 'to do gymnastics' and 'thorn' (which phonemically are, respectively, and ) vary in their phonetic realization between, respectively, and . This process may be extended to mid vowels.
Tonemes
Phonetic realization
Tonemes of the Arendal dialect are the same as those of the Oslo dialect; accent 1 is low-rising, whereas accent 2 is falling-rising.
Notable speakers
*
Gjert Kristoffersen
Gjert Kristoffersen (; 13 August 1949 in Arendal – 29 May 2021) was a Norwegian linguist, a phonetician and a professor at the University of Bergen.
His native dialect of Norwegian was Arendalsk.
He was married
Marriage, also ...
* Rockebandet Ændal, a heavy metal band that sings in the Arendal dialect
References
Bibliography
*
Culture in Agder
Norwegian dialects
City colloquials
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