The arcopallium refers to regions of the
avian brain
In the neuroanatomy of animals, an avian pallium is the dorsal telencephalon of a bird, bird's brain. The subpallium is the ventral telencephalon.
The pallium (neuroanatomy), pallium of bird, avian species tends to be relatively large, comprising ...
which partially overlap regions homologous to the
amygdala
The amygdala (; plural: amygdalae or amygdalas; also '; Latin from Greek, , ', 'almond', 'tonsil') is one of two almond-shaped clusters of nuclei located deep and medially within the temporal lobes of the brain's cerebrum in complex verte ...
of
mammals
Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur o ...
. These regions have formerly been referred to as archistriatum, and before this epistriatum or amygdaloid complex, and a recent change of nomenclature has divided the region into the arcopallium and posterior
pallial amygdala
The amygdala (; plural: amygdalae or amygdalas; also '; Latin from Greek, , ', 'almond', 'tonsil') is one of two almond-shaped clusters of nuclei located deep and medially within the temporal lobes of the brain's cerebrum in complex verte ...
.
The new nomenclature, adopted in 2004, reflects a modern understanding that the avian brain is broadly similar to the mammalian brain, containing large regions homologous to the mammalian
neocortex,
claustrum
The claustrum (Latin, meaning "to close" or "to shut") is a thin, bilateral collection of neurons and supporting glial cells, that connects to cortical (e.g., the pre-frontal cortex) and subcortical regions (e.g., the thalamus) of the brain. It ...
, and pallial amygdala. The outdated nomenclature it replaced perceived the avian brain as consisting almost entirely of enlarged
basal ganglia
The basal ganglia (BG), or basal nuclei, are a group of subcortical nuclei, of varied origin, in the brains of vertebrates. In humans, and some primates, there are some differences, mainly in the division of the globus pallidus into an exter ...
, to which more complex outer layers had been added during a progress toward mammalian intelligence.
[{{cite journal , vauthors=Reiner A, Perkel DJ, Bruce LL , title=Revised nomenclature for avian telencephalon and some related brainstem nuclei , journal=J. Comp. Neurol. , volume=473 , issue=3 , pages=377–414 , date=May 2004 , pmid=15116397 , doi=10.1002/cne.20118 , pmc=2518311, display-authors=etal]
Reassignments
Specific reassignments of terminology were made with consideration of retaining abbreviations, and include:
* Archistriatum: Arcopallium (A)
* Nucleus archistriatalis anterior: Anterior arcopallium (AA)
* Archistriatum, pars dorsalis: Dorsal arcopallium (AD)
* Upper part of Archistriatum, pars ventralis: Intermediate arcopallium (AI)
* Medial part of Archistriatum, pars ventralis: Medial arcopallium (AM)
* Robust nucleus of archistriatum in male songbirds: Robust nucleus of arcopallium (RA)
* Central nucleus of anterior archistriatum in parrots: Central nucleus of anterior arcopallium (AAC)
* Ventral part of Archistriatum, pars ventralis plus caudal part of Archistriatum: Posterior nucleus of the pallial
amygdala
The amygdala (; plural: amygdalae or amygdalas; also '; Latin from Greek, , ', 'almond', 'tonsil') is one of two almond-shaped clusters of nuclei located deep and medially within the temporal lobes of the brain's cerebrum in complex verte ...
(PoA)
* Nucleus taeniae:
Nucleus taeniae
Nucleus ( : nuclei) is a Latin word for the seed inside a fruit. It most often refers to:
*Atomic nucleus, the very dense central region of an atom
* Cell nucleus, a central organelle of a eukaryotic cell, containing most of the cell's DNA
Nucl ...
of the amygdala (Tn/TnA)
* Region below paleostriatum primitivum posterior to anterior commissure: Subpallial
amygdaloid area (PA/SpA)
See also
*
Avian pallium
In the neuroanatomy of animals, an avian pallium is the dorsal telencephalon of a bird's brain. The subpallium is the ventral telencephalon.
The pallium of avian species tends to be relatively large, comprising ~75% of the telencephalic volume. ...
References
External links
Arcopallium in Avian Brain Circuitry Database
Bird neuroanatomy
Animal nervous system