Major Archibald George Church (7 September 1886 – 23 August 1954)
was a British school teacher, soldier and
Labour Party then
National Labour politician.
He served as the
Member of Parliament
A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members o ...
(MP) for
Leyton East from 1923 to 1924, and for
Wandsworth Central from 1929 to 1931.
Early life
Church was born on 7 September 1886 in London, England and was educated at
University College, London
, mottoeng = Let all come who by merit deserve the most reward
, established =
, type = Public research university
, endowment = £143 million (2020)
, budget = ...
. He was a schoolmaster from 1909 to 1914 when he joined the Army at the start of the
First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
.
Military career
Church served on the Western Front for three years with the
Royal Garrison Artillery
The Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA) was formed in 1899 as a distinct arm of the British Army's Royal Regiment of Artillery serving alongside the other two arms of the Regiment, the Royal Field Artillery (RFA) and the Royal Horse Artillery (RHA) ...
then the
Royal Flying Corps. He was transferred to North Russia to command the Centre Column of the 237 Infantary Brigade. In January 1919, Church was awarded the
Military Cross
The Military Cross (MC) is the third-level (second-level pre-1993) military decoration awarded to officers and (since 1993) other ranks of the British Armed Forces, and formerly awarded to officers of other Commonwealth countries.
The MC ...
(MC) for his service during the First World War, and in January 1920 he was awarded the
Distinguished Service Order
The Distinguished Service Order (DSO) is a military decoration of the United Kingdom, as well as formerly of other parts of the Commonwealth, awarded for meritorious or distinguished service by officers of the armed forces during wartime, ty ...
(DSO) for action in the
Murmansk
Murmansk (Russian: ''Мурманск'' lit. "Norwegian coast"; Finnish: ''Murmansk'', sometimes ''Muurmanski'', previously ''Muurmanni''; Norwegian: ''Norskekysten;'' Northern Sámi: ''Murmánska;'' Kildin Sámi: ''Мурман ланнҍ'') ...
Command during the
British intervention in the Russian Civil War.
The citation noted his "particular gallantry and zeal during the operations from Medevja-gora to Unitsa, 8 June to 26 July 1919".
Political career
;Failed 1922 campaign
Church first stood for
Parliament
In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. Th ...
at the
1922 general election, when he lost by a 35:65 ratio of votes in the
Conservative
Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization in ...
-held part-rural, suburban
Spelthorne seat.
;Successful 1923 campaign and loss in 1924
At the
1923 general election he won the mainly urban
Leyton East seat by a 7% margin from Unionist (Conservative) E.E. Alexander but the latter took it back in
1924
Events
January
* January 12 – Gopinath Saha shoots Ernest Day, whom he has mistaken for Sir Charles Tegart, the police commissioner of Calcutta, and is arrested soon after.
* January 20– 30 – Kuomintang in China holds ...
by the same rounded margin.
;Successful 1929 campaign
He took urban, more middle class, Wandsworth Central returning to the Commons at the next general election in
1929 general election. He took it from
Sir Henry Jackson, a recently knighted Conservative, noted in transport services. He won a slender majority of 300 votes (1.1% of the total).
;Eugenic voluntary sterilisation bill
In July 1931, Church
tabled a
Ten Minute Rule
The Ten Minute Rule, also known as Standing Order No. 23, is a procedure in the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the introduction of Private Member's Bills in addition to the 20 per session normally permissible. It is one of the ways in whic ...
Bill promoted by the
Eugenics Education Society
Eugenics ( ; ) is a fringe set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a human population. Historically, eugenicists have attempted to alter human gene pools by excluding people and groups judged to be inferior or ...
.
Although the
eugenics
Eugenics ( ; ) is a fringe set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a human population. Historically, eugenicists have attempted to alter human gene pools by excluding people and groups judged to be inferior o ...
measure was "a Bill to enable mental defectives to undergo sterilizing operations or sterilizing treatment upon their own application, or that of their spouses or parents or guardians,"
its underlying purpose was the eventual introduction of compulsory sterilisation,
with Church describing it as "an experiment on a small scale so that later on we may have the benefit of the results and experience gained in order to come to conclusions before bringing in a Bill for the compulsory sterilisation of the unfit."
The Commons voted by 167 votes to 89 against any
second reading
A reading of a bill is a stage of debate on the bill held by a general body of a legislature.
In the Westminster system, developed in the United Kingdom, there are generally three readings of a bill as it passes through the stages of becoming ...
.
;Move to NLO and failed 1931 campaign
When the Labour Prime Minister
Ramsay MacDonald left the party in 1931 to co-lead a Conservative-dominated
National Government, Church was one of the few Labour MPs to support him. He followed MacDonald into the new
National Labour Organisation
The National Labour Organisation, also known as the National Labour Committee or simply as National Labour, was a British political group formed after the 1931 creation of the National Government to co-ordinate the efforts of the supporters of ...
then that year stood in the
1931 general election as a
National Independent for the
London University seat, where he lost by a 27:73 ratio against one candidate.
He stood again twice, as a National Labour (NLO) candidate: in
Bristol East
Bristol East is a List of United Kingdom Parliament constituencies, constituency recreated in 1983 covering the eastern part of the City of Bristol, represented in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Commons of the Parliament of ...
at the
1935 general election then in
Derby
Derby ( ) is a city and unitary authority area in Derbyshire, England. It lies on the banks of the River Derwent in the south of Derbyshire, which is in the East Midlands Region. It was traditionally the county town of Derbyshire. Derby g ...
at a
by-election in July 1936, and in
Tottenham South as an "Independent National" candidate (the local Conservatives had nominated their own candidate) at the
1945 general election
The following elections occurred in the year 1945.
Africa
* 1945 South-West African legislative election
Asia
* 1945 Indian general election
Australia
* 1945 Fremantle by-election
Europe
* 1945 Albanian parliamentary election
* 1945 Bulgarian ...
Church came in third, Labour winning the seat. This was Church's last election.
In March 1934 he was appointed as a member of a
Royal Commission established to enquire into the organisation and work of the
University of Durham
Durham University (legally the University of Durham) is a collegiate university, collegiate public university, public research university in Durham, England, Durham, England, founded by an Act of Parliament in 1832 and incorporated by royal charte ...
.
References
External links
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Church, Archibald
1886 births
1954 deaths
British Army personnel of the Russian Civil War
British Army personnel of World War I
British eugenicists
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
National Labour (UK) politicians
People educated at University College School
Politics of the London Borough of Wandsworth
Recipients of the Military Cross
Royal Garrison Artillery officers
UK MPs 1923–1924
Military personnel from Middlesex
UK MPs 1929–1931