Church of Saint Francis of Assisi, Aleppo

The Apostolic Vicariate of Aleppo (in Latin: Vicariatus Apostolicus Aleppensis) is an apostolic vicariate (Latin pre-diocesan missionary jurisdiction of the

Roman Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

, entitled to a

titular bishop A titular bishop in various churches is a bishop who is not in charge of a diocese. By definition, a bishop is an "overseer" of a community of the faithful, so when a priest is ordained a bishop, the tradition of the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox an ...

) and is immediately subject to the

Holy See The Holy See ( lat, Sancta Sedes, ; it, Santa Sede ), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the Pope in his role as the bishop of Rome. It includes the apostolic episcopal see of the Diocese of Rome ...

and its missionary

Roman Congregation for the Oriental Churches The Dicastery for the Eastern Churches (also called Dicastery for the Oriental Churches), previously named Congregation for the Oriental Churches or Congregation for the Eastern Churches ( la, Congregatio pro Ecclesiis Orientalibus), is a dicaste ...

"Apostolic Vicariate of Aleppo"
''GCatholic.org''. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved February 29, 2016 The seat of the vicariate is the city of

Aleppo )), is an adjective which means "white-colored mixed with black". , motto = , image_map = , mapsize = , map_caption = , image_map1 = ...

(Halab in Arabic), where the Cathedral of the Child Jesus, was opened by

Cardinal Cardinal or The Cardinal may refer to: Animals * Cardinal (bird) or Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds **''Cardinalis'', genus of cardinal in the family Cardinalidae **''Cardinalis cardinalis'', or northern cardinal, the ...

Leonardo Sandri Leonardo Sandri (born 18 November 1943) is an Argentine prelate of the Catholic Church who has been a cardinal since November 2007 and vice dean of the College of Cardinals since January 2020. He was prefect of the Congregation for the Eastern Chu ...

on 15 January 2011. Its (former?) episcopal see is the

Cathedral A cathedral is a church that contains the '' cathedra'' () of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, conference, or episcopate. Churches with the function of "cathedral" are usually specific to those Christian denomination ...

of St. Francis of Assisi, in

Aleppo )), is an adjective which means "white-colored mixed with black". , motto = , image_map = , mapsize = , map_caption = , image_map1 = ...

Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...

's greatest city before the civil war. It is currently ruled by the bishop

Georges Abou Khazen Georges Abou Khazen, OFM (born on 3 August 1947 in Ain Zebdeh, Aïn Zebdeh, Lebanon) is the current Apostolic Vicariate of Aleppo, Apostolic Vicar of Aleppo. Life Georges Abou Khazen joined the Congregation of the Franciscan on 3 August 1972, and ...

, O.F.M.. Together with the Eastern Catholic hierarchs of five rite-specific Catholic churches (Melkite, Syriac, Maronite, Chaldean and Armenian) the Apostolic Vicar of Aleppo is part of the Assembly of Catholic Ordinaries in Syria (A.H.C.S.). The Apostolic Vicar is also a member of the Conference of the Latin Bishops of the Arab Regions.

Statistics

The Apostolic Vicariate extends its jurisdiction over the Catholics of the

Latin Rite Latin liturgical rites, or Western liturgical rites, are Catholic rites of public worship employed by the Latin Church, the largest particular church ''sui iuris'' of the Catholic Church, that originated in Europe where the Latin language once ...

of all Syria, as per 2014 pastorally serving 13,000 Catholics in 10 parishes and 6 missions with 38 priests (religious) and 243 lay religious (46 brothers, 197 sisters).

History

From the early decades of the seventeenth century some religious orders, particularly the

Order of the Friars Minor Capuchin The Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (; postnominal abbr. O.F.M. Cap.) is a religious order of Franciscan friars within the Catholic Church, one of Three " First Orders" that reformed from the Franciscan Friars Minor Observant (OFM Obs., now OFM) ...

, the

Carmelites , image = , caption = Coat of arms of the Carmelites , abbreviation = OCarm , formation = Late 12th century , founder = Early hermits of Mount Carmel , founding_location = Mount Car ...

and the

Society of Jesus , image = Ihs-logo.svg , image_size = 175px , caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits , abbreviation = SJ , nickname = Jesuits , formation = , founders ...

, settled in Syria and Aleppo. There were several conversions to Catholicism of the Latin rite, and this led

Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples A congregation is a large gathering of people, often for the purpose of worship. Congregation may also refer to: * Church (congregation), a Christian organization meeting in a particular place for worship *Congregation (Roman Curia), an administr ...

to establish a diocese in Aleppo. A first attempt to build an apostolic vicariate (pre-diocesan mission under a titular bishop) was in 1645. On 31 July 1645 was appointed bishop the Franciscan Giovanni Battista Dovara, which, however, "that he had achieved such a dignity, otherwise do not bother to go to his residence, despite the replicated excitations that he was moved by the Holy Congregation. Nor from that time on he was thought to depute a Latin bishop in that city". The vicariate so he died in the bud: the jurisdiction of the Latin returned to the Custodian of the Holy Land (traditionally a Franciscan), as it was previously. The Apostolic Vicariate of Aleppo was erected properly (the 'second' time) on 27 June 1762, when

Pope Clement XIII Pope Clement XIII ( la, Clemens XIII; it, Clemente XIII; 7 March 1693 – 2 February 1769), born Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 July 1758 to his death in February 1769. ...

appointed the

Congregation of the Mission , logo = , image = Vincentians.png , abbreviation = CM , nickname = Vincentians, Paules, Lazarites, Lazarists, Lazarians , established = , founder = Vincent de Paul , fou ...

member Frenchman Arnaud Bossu, who had been Apostolic Vicar of

Algiers Algiers ( ; ar, الجزائر, al-Jazāʾir; ber, Dzayer, script=Latn; french: Alger, ) is the capital and largest city of Algeria. The city's population at the 2008 Census was 2,988,145Census 14 April 2008: Office National des Statistiques ...

. In a

Papal brief A papal brief or breve is a formal document emanating from the Pope, in a somewhat simpler and more modern form than a papal bull. History The introduction of briefs, which occurred at the beginning of the pontificate of Pope Eugene IV (3 Marc ...

, Bossu receives the title of Vicar Apostolic of Aleppo, with jurisdiction over the Eastern Europeans and the Latin Rite of the patriarchates of Antioch and Jerusalem, including the Maronite and Armenian patriarchates. The vicar, however, did not put his residence in Aleppo, but at Antoura in

Lebanon Lebanon ( , ar, لُبْنَان, translit=lubnān, ), officially the Republic of Lebanon () or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus li ...

, and never received episcopal consecration. Also on this occasion, the vicariate was short-lived due to the

Suppression of the Jesuit Order The suppression of the Jesuits was the removal of all members of the Society of Jesus from most of the countries of Western Europe and their colonies beginning in 1759, and the abolishment of the order by the Holy See in 1773. The Jesuits were ...

in 1773 and the

French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considere ...

, which, among other consequences, involved the removal of all French religious orders not only in motherland, but also in mission lands. After the

Congress of Vienna The Congress of Vienna (, ) of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon B ...

(1814-1815, to settle Europe after the defeat of Naopoleon I Bonaparte), the missionary

Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a letter ...

restored the apostolic vicariate in 1817, with the name of the Apostolic vicariate of Syria, Egypt, Arabia and Cyprus. It had jurisdiction over much of Catholic missions of the central and southern regions of the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

, namely :

Cyprus Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is geo ...

Palestine __NOTOC__ Palestine may refer to: * State of Palestine, a state in Western Asia * Palestine (region), a geographic region in Western Asia * Palestinian territories, territories occupied by Israel since 1967, namely the West Bank (including East ...

, the

Arabian Peninsula The Arabian Peninsula, (; ar, شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّة, , "Arabian Peninsula" or , , "Island of the Arabs") or Arabia, is a peninsula of Western Asia, situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian Plate ...

Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...

Abyssinia The Ethiopian Empire (), also formerly known by the exonym Abyssinia, or just simply known as Ethiopia (; Amharic and Tigrinya: ኢትዮጵያ , , Oromo: Itoophiyaa, Somali: Itoobiya, Afar: ''Itiyoophiyaa''), was an empire that historica ...

(then empire of

Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...

including

Eritrea Eritrea ( ; ti, ኤርትራ, Ertra, ; ar, إرتريا, ʾIritriyā), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of Eastern Africa, with its capital and largest city at Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia ...

) and

Nubia Nubia () (Nobiin: Nobīn, ) is a region along the Nile river encompassing the area between the first cataract of the Nile (just south of Aswan in southern Egypt) and the confluence of the Blue and White Niles (in Khartoum in central Sudan), or ...

( Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and southernmost Egypt). Also included was the south-central part of

Anatolia Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re ...

, including the cities of Antioch (Antakya) and Alexandretta (Iskenderun). On 1824.08.15 it lost Egyptian territory to establish the Coptic Catholic Patriarchate of Alexandria. On 18 May 1839 it ceded part of its territory for the creation of the Apostolic Vicariate of Egypt and Arabia (today the Apostolic Vicariate of Alexandria of Egypt) and the

Apostolic Prefecture of Abyssinia Apostolic may refer to: The Apostles An Apostle meaning one sent on a mission: *The Twelve Apostles of Jesus, or something related to them, such as the Church of the Holy Apostles * Apostolic succession, the doctrine connecting the Christian Chur ...

(today

Ethiopian Catholic Archeparchy of Addis Abeba Ethiopians are the native inhabitants of Ethiopia, as well as the global diaspora of Ethiopia. Ethiopians constitute several component ethnic groups, many of which are closely related to ethnic groups in neighboring Eritrea and other parts of ...

in the Ethiopian rite), and simultaneously took the name of the Apostolic Vicariate of Aleppo. On October 4, 1847, it ceded Palestine, Cyprus and the areas corresponding to (the current / (Trans)

Jordan Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan Rive ...

for the restoration of the

Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem The Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem ( la, Patriarchatus Latinus Hierosolymitanus) is the Latin Catholic ecclesiastical patriarchate in Jerusalem, officially seated in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. It was originally established in 1099, wit ...

. With the end of the Ottoman Empire, the birth of modern Turkey (1923) and especially with the passage of Hatay from Syria to Turkey (1938), under the Papal bull of

Pope Pius XII Pope Pius XII ( it, Pio XII), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (; 2 March 18769 October 1958), was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2 March 1939 until his death in October 1958. Before his e ...

Ad maius christifidelium of 5 October 1939 and Quo sacrorum of 9 December 1939, the Vicariate Apostolic of Aleppo lost the Turkish territories that passed to the

Apostolic Vicariate of Istanbul The Apostolic Vicariate of Istanbul ( la, Vicariatus Apostolicus Istanbulensis) is a Roman Catholic apostolic vicariate based in the city of Istanbul in Turkey.Apostolic Vicariate of Beirut. From this moment the Vicariate Apostolic of Aleppo geographically corresponding to the Arab republic of Syria's territory. Only from this territorial change, the apostolic vicars have permanent residence in Aleppo, preferring previously reside in Lebanon.

Episcopal ordinaries

(all

Roman Rite The Roman Rite ( la, Ritus Romanus) is the primary liturgical rite of the Latin Church, the largest of the ''sui iuris'' particular churches that comprise the Catholic Church. It developed in the Latin language in the city of Rome and, while dist ...

; until 2013 Europeans and/or members of missionary Latin -mostly Franciscan- congregations) ;Apostolic Vicars of Aleppo (first period) *

Giovanni Battista Aresti de Dovara Giovanni Battista Aresti de Dovara, O.P. was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Aleppo (1645–1650).Order of Friars Minor (O.F.M.) (31 July 1645 – 1659 resigned)."Archbishop Giovanni Battista Aresti de Dovara, O.F.M"
'' Catholic-Hierarchy.org''. David M. Cheney. Retrieved July 21, 2016 * Vacant seat (1659–1672) * Arnaud Bossu, Lazarists (C.M.) (17 June 1762 – 20 November 1765 resigned) * Vacant see (1765–1818) ;Apostolic Vicars of Syria, Egypt, Arabia and Cyprus * Aloisio Gandolfi, C.M. (13 January 1818 – death 25 August 1825),

Titular Bishop A titular bishop in various churches is a bishop who is not in charge of a diocese. By definition, a bishop is an "overseer" of a community of the faithful, so when a priest is ordained a bishop, the tradition of the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox an ...

of Icosium (Algeria) (1815.08.11 – 1825.08.25), also

Apostolic Delegate An apostolic nuncio ( la, nuntius apostolicus; also known as a papal nuncio or simply as a nuncio) is an ecclesiastical diplomat, serving as an envoy or a permanent diplomatic representative of the Holy See to a state or to an international o ...

(papal diplomatic envoy) to

(1815.08.11 – 1825.08.25) * Giovanni Pietro Losana (23 January 1827 – 30 September 1833), later Bishop of Biella (?) * Jean-Baptiste Auvergne (March 29, 1833 – death September 14, 1836), Titular Archbishop of

Iconium Konya () is a major city in central Turkey, on the southwestern edge of the Central Anatolian Plateau, and is the capital of Konya Province. During antiquity and into Seljuk times it was known as Iconium (), although the Seljuks also called it D ...

(1833.03.29 – 1836.09.14), also

and Arabia (1833.03 – 1836.09.14) and Apostolic Delegate to Syria (1833.03 – 1836.09.14) * Angelo Giuseppe Fazio, Capuchin Franciscans (O.F.M. Cap.) (15 December 1837 – death 13 December 1838), Titular Bishop of Tipasa (1836.04.26 – 1838.12.13) (initially as Coadjutor Apostolic Vicar of Tibet-Hindustan (British

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

), 1836.04.26 – 1837.12.15); also Apostolic Delegate to Syria (1837.12.15 – 1838.12.13) ;Apostolic Vicars of Aleppo (again) * Villardel Francisco, O.F.M. (8 March 1839 – death 19 June 1852), Titular Archbishop of

Philippi Philippi (; grc-gre, Φίλιπποι, ''Philippoi'') was a major Greek city northwest of the nearby island, Thasos. Its original name was Crenides ( grc-gre, Κρηνῖδες, ''Krenides'' "Fountains") after its establishment by Thasian colon ...

(1839.03.08 – 1852.06.19), also Apostolic Delegate to Syria (1839.03.08 – 1852.06.19) * Paul Brunoni (July 4, 1853 – November 23, 1858), Titular Archbishop of Tharona (1853.07.12 – 1868.06.25), ? appointed Apostolic Vicar of Constantinople), later Latin Titular Patriarch of Antioch (1868.06.25 – 1877.01.02) * Giuseppe Valerga (1858 – death 2 December 1872 deceased) (apostolic administrator) * Serafino Milani, O.F.M. (23 January 1874 – 21 December 1874 appointed Bishop of Pontremoli) (bishop-elect) * Luigi Piavi, O.F.M. (November 13, 1876 – August 28, 1889), Titular Archbishop of Siunia (1876.11.18 – 1889.08.28), also Apostolic Delegate to Syria (1876.11.13 – 1889.08.28); later residential Latin Patriarch of

Jerusalem of the Latins The Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem ( la, Patriarchatus Latinus Hierosolymitanus) is the Latin Church, Latin Catholic Church, Catholic ecclesiastical patriarchate in Jerusalem, officially cathedra, seated in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. It ...

(

) (1889.08.28 – death 1905.01.24) and Grand Master of Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem (1889.08.28 – 1905.01.24) ** Auxiliary Bishop Gaudenzio Bonfigli, O.F.M. (18 August 1890 – 25 February 1896), Titular Bishop of

Casium Casius or Casium ( grc-gre, Κασιον, ''Kasion'') was a residential episcopal see in the Roman province of Augustamnica Prima in Lower Egypt, and is now a titular see of the Catholic Church.''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vatica ...

(1881.08.19 – 1890.08.19), later Apostolic Delegate to Syria (1890.08.19 – 1896.02.25) and Titular Archbishop of

Cabassa The cabasa, similar to the shekere, is a percussion instrument that is constructed with loops of steel ball chain wrapped around a wooden cylinder. The cylinder is fixed to a long, wooden or plastic handle. The metal cabasa was created by Marti ...

(1890.08.19 – 1904.04.06), Apostolic Delegate to Egypt and Arabia (1896.02.25 – 1904.04.06) * Pierre Gonzales Charles Duval,

Dominican Order The Order of Preachers ( la, Ordo Praedicatorum) abbreviated OP, also known as the Dominicans, is a Catholic mendicant order of Pontifical Right for men founded in Toulouse, France, by the Spanish priest, saint and mystic Dominic of Cal ...

(O.P.) † (February 25, 1896 – death July 31, 1904), Titular Archbishop of

Petra Petra ( ar, ٱلْبَتْرَاء, Al-Batrāʾ; grc, Πέτρα, "Rock", Nabataean Aramaic, Nabataean: ), originally known to its inhabitants as Raqmu or Raqēmō, is an historic and archaeological city in southern Jordan. It is adjacent to t ...

(1895.11.29 – 1904.07.31), also Apostolic Delegate to Syria (1896.02.25 – 1904.07.31) *

Frediano Giannini Frediano Giannini Order of Friars Minor, OFM (16 June 1861 – 25 October 1939) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who served as an archbishop and Apostolic Delegate to Syria from 1936 to 1947. Biography Frediano Giannini was born on 16 ...

, O.F.M. (January 20, 1905 – resigned February 12, 1936), also Apostolic Delegate to Syria (1905.01.16 – 1935), Titular Archbishop of

Serræ Sérres ( el, Σέρρες ) is a city in Macedonia, Greece, capital of the Serres regional unit and second largest city in the region of Central Macedonia, after Thessaloniki. Serres is one of the administrative and economic centers of Norther ...

(1905.01.16 – 1939.10.25); earlier

Custos of the Holy Land , native_name_lang = Latin , named_after= , image = Coat_of_arms_of_the_Custodian_of_the_Holy_Land.jpg , image_size = 200px , alt= , caption = Coat of arms of the Custody of the Holy Land , map ...

(1900 – 1906); later Vice-Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church (1936 – death 1939) *Vacant seat (1936–1967) *

Apostolic administrator An Apostolic administration in the Catholic Church is administrated by a prelate appointed by the pope to serve as the ordinary for a specific area. Either the area is not yet a diocese (a stable 'pre-diocesan', usually missionary apostolic admi ...

Akiki Bonaventure, O.F.M. (28 June 1967 – 1 March 1973 ''see below''), Titular Bishop of

Larissa in Syria Shaizar or Shayzar ( ar, شيزر; in modern Arabic Saijar; Hellenistic name: Larissa in Syria, Λάρισα εν Συρία in Greek language, Greek) is a town in northern Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate, located northwest of ...

(1973.03.01 – death 1987.09.09), no previous prelature * Akiki Bonaventure, O.F.M. (''see above'' 1 March 1973 – 1979 Retired) * Guerino Domenico Picchi, O.F.M. (20 June 1980 – 9 July 1992 Retired), Titular Bishop of

Sebaste in Palæstina Sebaste ( el, Σεβαστή) was a common placename in classical Antiquity. Sebaste was the Greek equivalent (feminine) of the Latin ''Augusta''. Ancient towns by the name sought to honor Augustus or a later Roman emperor. Sebaste may refer to: ...

(1980.06.20 – death 1997.07.19) *

Armando Bortolaso Armando Bortolaso (17 August 1926 – 8 January 2019) was an Italian Catholic titular bishop. Early life Bortolaso was born in Italy and was ordained to the priesthood in 1953. He served as titular bishop of ''Rapahamae'' and was bishop of t ...

, Salesians (S.D.B.) (9 July 1992 – 21 November 2002 Retired), Titular Bishop of

Raphanea Raphanea or Raphaneae ( grc, Ῥαφάνεια; ar, الرفنية, al-Rafaniyya; colloquial: ''Rafniye'') was a city of the late Roman province of Syria Secunda. Its bishopric was a suffragan of Apamea. History Josephus mentions Raphanea i ...

(1992.07.09 – ...) *

Giuseppe Nazzaro Giuseppe Nazzaro, OFM (22 December 1937 – 26 October 2015) was an Emeritus bishop of the Apostolic Vicariate of Aleppo, Custodian of the Holy Land and a polyglot. Life Giuseppe Nazzaro was born on 22 December 1937 in San Potito Ultra in the Cam ...

, O.F.M. (21 November 2002 – 15 April 2013 Retired), Titular Bishop of Forma (2002.11.21 – death 2015.10.26); previously

(1992.04.10 992.05.08– 1998.01.16) *

Apostolic Administrator An Apostolic administration in the Catholic Church is administrated by a prelate appointed by the pope to serve as the ordinary for a specific area. Either the area is not yet a diocese (a stable 'pre-diocesan', usually missionary apostolic admi ...

, O.F.M. (15 April 2013 – 4 November 2013 ''see below''), Titular Bishop of Rusadus (2013.11.04 – ...) *

, O.F.M. (''see above'' 4 November 2013 – ... ).

References

Sources and external links

gcatholic.org - data for all sections
* http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dalep.html * https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS%2032%20%5B1940%5D%20-%20ocr.pdf, AAS 32 (1940), p. 115 * Pius Bonifacius Gams, https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS%2032%20%5B1940%5D%20-%20ocr.pdf, AAS 32 (1940), p. 116 * {{cite book , title=Storia della Chiesa , editor=Hubert Jedin , volume=VIII/1 , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bVRRHogVx0sC , publisher=Jaca Book , year=2002 , pages=181–186, isbn=9788816302495 * C. Karalevsky, v. Alep, in, https://books.google.com/books?id=bVRRHogVx0sC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false, vol. XII, Parigi 1953, coll. 110-112 e 114-115 * http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6561037d/f73.image
Latin Parish of St. Francis, Aleppo (in Arabic)
Apostolic vicariates 1645 establishments in the Ottoman Empire Christianity in Aleppo Catholic dioceses in Syria

Statistics

History

Episcopal ordinaries

See also

References

Sources and external links