The Arapixi Extractive Reserve ( pt, Reserva Extrativista Arapixi) is an
extractive reserve in the state of
Amazonas, Brazil.
Location
The Arapixi Extractive Reserve is in the municipality of
Boca do Acre
Boca do Acre (''Mouth of Acre'') is a municipality located in the Brazilian state
The federative units of Brazil ( pt, unidades federativas do Brasil) are subnational entities with a certain degree of autonomy (self-government, self-regulation ...
, Amazonas.
It has an area of .
The
Purus River
The Purus River (Portuguese: ''Rio Purus''; Spanish: ''Río Purús'') is a tributary of the Amazon River in South America. Its drainage basin is , and the mean annual discharge is . The river shares its name with the Alto Purús National Park and ...
runs through the reserve from west to east. The reserve adjoins the Igarapé Capanã Indigenous Reserve to the west, the
Mapiá-Inauini National Forest
The Mapiá-Inauini National Forest ( pt, Floresta Nacional Mapiá-Inauini) is a national forest in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
Location
The Mapiá-Inauini National Forest is divided between the municipalities of Boca do Acre (92.37%) and P ...
to the north and the Camicuã Indigenous Territory to the east.
About 300 families make use of the reserve.
The main economic activities are collection of latex from rubber trees and gathering of
Brazil nut
The Brazil nut (''Bertholletia excelsa'') is a South American tree in the family Lecythidaceae, and it is also the name of the tree's commercially harvested edible seeds. It is one of the largest and longest-lived trees in the Amazon rainforest. ...
s.
The families also produce brown sugar, tobacco, flour, bananas, watermelons and beans.
Environment
The reserve has fairly flat terrain, and lies in the basin of the meandering
Purus River
The Purus River (Portuguese: ''Rio Purus''; Spanish: ''Río Purús'') is a tributary of the Amazon River in South America. Its drainage basin is , and the mean annual discharge is . The river shares its name with the Alto Purús National Park and ...
.
The region has high temperature and high rainfall.
The main types of vegetation are open alluvial rainforest, open lowland rainforest, dense alluvial rainforest and dense lowland rainforest.
There are small areas that have been converted for use in agriculture or cattle grazing, and areas with secondary vegetation in various stages of regeneration.
A survey of the reserve identified 25 species of fish, seven species of reptiles, 123 species of birds and 33 species of mammals.
The rough survey found the endangered
jaguar (''Panthera onca''),
giant armadillo (''Priodontes maximus''),
giant anteater
The giant anteater (''Myrmecophaga tridactyla'') is an insectivorous mammal native to Central and South America. It is one of four living species of anteaters, of which it is the largest member. The only extant member of the genus ''Myrmecophag ...
(Myrmecophaga tridactyla) and
giant otter
The giant otter or giant river otter (''Pteronura brasiliensis'') is a South American carnivorous mammal. It is the longest member of the weasel family, Mustelidae, a globally successful group of predators, reaching up to . Atypical of muste ...
(Pteronura brasiliensis).
Fish that are over-exploited or threatened by over-exploitation are
Colossoma macropomum
The tambaqui (''Colossoma macropomum'') is a large species of freshwater fish in the family Serrasalmidae. It is native to tropical South America, but kept in aquaculture and introduced elsewhere. It is also known by the names black pacu, black- ...
,
Arapaima gigas
''Arapaima gigas'', also known as pirarucu, is a species of arapaima native to the basin of the Amazon River. Once believed to be the sole species in the genus, it is among the largest freshwater fish. The species is an obligate air-breather, s ...
,
Brachyplatystoma vaillantii and
Brachyplatystoma filamentosum.
Amazon birds with restricted distribution are
speckled chachalaca (''Ortalis guttata''),
pale-winged trumpeter
The pale-winged trumpeter (''Psophia leucoptera''), also known as the white-winged trumpeter, is a Near-threatened species, Near Threatened species of bird in the family Psophiidae. It is found in the western Amazon rainforest of Bolivia, Brazi ...
(''Psophia leucoptera''),
dusky-headed parakeet
The dusky-headed parakeet (''Aratinga weddellii''), also known as Weddell's conure or dusky-headed conure in aviculture, is a small green Neotropical parrot with dusty grey head found in wooded habitats in the western Amazon basin of South Amer ...
(''Aratinga weddellii''),
cobalt-winged parakeet
The cobalt-winged parakeet (''Brotogeris cyanoptera'') is a species of bird
Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled e ...
(''Brotogeris cyanoptera''),
tui parakeet
The tui parakeet (''Brotogeris sanctithomae'') is a species of bird in the family Psittacidae, the true parrots.
It is found in the Amazon Basin of Brazil, and Amazonian Peru and Bolivia; also a minor range into eastern Ecuador, and the river bor ...
(''Brotogeris sanctithomae''),
festive amazon
The festive amazon (''Amazona festiva''), also known as the festive parrot, is a species of parrot in the family Psittacidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela. It is associated with forest (especi ...
(Amazona festiva),
Purus jacamar
The Purus jacamar (''Galbalcyrhynchus purusianus'') is a species of bird in the family Galbulidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru.Tobias, J., T. Züchner, T.A. de Melo Júnior, and G. M. Kirwan (2020). Purus Jacamar (''Galbalcyrhynch ...
(''Galbacyrhynchus purusianus''),
semicollared puffbird
The semicollared puffbird (''Malacoptila semicincta'') is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is one of seven species of the genus ''Malacoptila''. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, ...
(Malacoptila semicincta) and
lemon-throated barbet (Eubucco richardsoni).
History
The local communities began to fight for creation of the reserve in 2000.
The Arapixi Extractive Reserve was created by federal decree on 21 June 2006.
It was created in response to a request from the Union of Rural Workers of Boca do Acre, supported by the National Council of Rubber Tappers and the Amazon Workers Group.
Their expectation was that it would prevent the advance of soybean farming and cattle ranching into the territory, which would devastate the livelihoods of the residents.
The reserve is classed as
IUCN protected area category
IUCN protected area categories, or IUCN protected area management categories, are categories used to classify protected areas in a system developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
The enlisting of such areas is par ...
VI (protected area with sustainable use of natural resources).
Its basic objectives protect the livelihoods and culture of the traditional extractive population,
and to ensure the sustainable use of natural resources of the unit.
On 13 December 2006 administrative responsibility was transferred to the Acre office of IBAMA, due to its proximity compared to the Amazonas office.
On 27 December 2006 the
Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária
The Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária - INCRA (''National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform'') is a federal government authority of the public administration of Brazil. INCRA administers the land reform issues.
...
(INCRA) recognised the reserve as meeting the needs of 150 families of small rural producers, who would qualify for
PRONAF
The agriculture of Brazil is historically one of the principal bases of Brazil's economy. While its initial focus was on sugarcane, Brazil eventually became the world's largest exporter of coffee, soybeans, beef, and crop-based ethanol.
The s ...
support.
This was adjusted to 200 families on 18 December 2009.
The deliberative council was created on 12 August 2009.
The management plan was approved on 27 August 2010.
The reserve is now administered by the
Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation
The Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (Portuguese: ''Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade'', ICMBio) is the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment's administrative arm."Brazilian Federal Law 11.516/2007 (Por ...
(ICMBio).
Notes
Sources
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{{authority control
2006 establishments in Brazil
Protected areas of Amazonas (Brazilian state)
Extractive reserves of Brazil