''Aquilaria'' is a genus of fifteenNg, L.T., Chang Y.S. and Kadir, A.A. (1997) "A review on agar (gaharu) producing Aquilaria species" ''Journal of Tropical Forest Products'' 2(2): pp. 272-285 species of trees, called lign aloes or lign-aloes trees, in the family

Thymelaeaceae The Thymelaeaceae are a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants composed of 50 genera (listed below) and 898 species.Zachary S. Rogers (2009 onwards)A World Checklist of Thymelaeaceae (version 1) Missouri Botanical Garden Website, St. Louis. It ...

, native to southeast Asia. They occur particularly in the

rainforest Rainforests are characterized by a closed and continuous tree canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire. Rainforest can be classified as tropical rainforest or temperate rainfo ...

s of Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia,

Northeast India , native_name_lang = mni , settlement_type = , image_skyline = , image_alt = , image_caption = , motto = , image_map = Northeast india.png , ...

, Bangladesh, the Philippines,

Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the List of islands by area, third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java Isl ...

and New Guinea. The trees grow to 6–20 m tall. The leaves are alternate, 5–11 cm long and 2–4 cm broad, with a short acuminate apex and an entire margin. The flowers are yellowish-green, produced in an

umbel In botany, an umbel is an inflorescence that consists of a number of short flower stalks (called pedicels) that spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botanical usage in the 1590s, from Latin ''umbella'' " ...

; the fruit is a woody capsule 2.5–3 cm long. The genus is best known, together with '' Gyrinops'', as the principal producer of the

resin In polymer chemistry and materials science, resin is a solid or highly viscous substance of plant or synthetic origin that is typically convertible into polymers. Resins are usually mixtures of organic compounds. This article focuses on n ...

-suffused

agarwood Agarwood, aloeswood, eaglewood or gharuwood is a fragrant dark resinous wood used in incense, perfume, and small carvings. This resinous wood is most commonly referred to as "Oud" or "Oudh". It is formed in the heartwood of aquilaria trees when ...

used in aromatic incense production, especially '' Aquilaria malaccensis''.Barden, Angela (2000) ''Heart of the Matter: Agarwood Use and Trade and CITES Implementation for Aquilaria malaccensis'' TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, The depletion of wild trees from indiscriminate cutting for agarwood has resulted in the trees being listed and protected as an endangered species.Broad, S. (1995) "Agarwood harvesting in Vietnam" ''TRAFFIC Bulletin'' 15:96 Projects are currently underway in some countries in southeast Asia to infect cultivated ''Aquilaria'' trees artificially to produce agarwood in a sustainable manner. In Indonesia, for example, there have been proposals to encourage the planting of gahara, as it is known locally, in eastern Indonesia, particularly in the province of Papua.Theresia Sufa,
Gaharu: Indonesia's endangered fragrant wood'
''

The Jakarta Post ''The Jakarta Post'' is a daily English-language newspaper in Indonesia. The paper is owned by PT Niskala Media Tenggara and based in the nation's capital, Jakarta. ''The Jakarta Post'' started as a collaboration between four Indonesian med ...

'', 2 February 2010.

Species

*'' Aquilaria acuminata'' , originally ''Gyrinopsis acuminata'' *'' Aquilaria apiculata'' *'' Aquilaria baillonii'' *'' Aquilaria banaensae'' *'' Aquilaria beccariana'' *'' Aquilaria brachyantha'' *'' Aquilaria citrinicarpa'' *'' Aquilaria crassna'' *'' Aquilaria cumingiana'' *''

Aquilaria filaria ''Aquilaria filaria'', the palisan, is a species of flowering plant in the family Thymelaeaceae. It is native to the eastern Philippines, the Maluku Islands, and Western New Guinea. A tree reaching , it is a source of agarwood. References f ...

'' *''

Aquilaria grandiflora ''Aquilaria'' is a genus of fifteenNg, L.T., Chang Y.S. and Kadir, A.A. (1997) "A review on agar (gaharu) producing Aquilaria species" ''Journal of Tropical Forest Products'' 2(2): pp. 272-285 species of trees, called lign aloes or lign-aloes tr ...

'' *''

Aquilaria hirta ''Aquilaria hirta'' is a species of plant in the Thymelaeaceae family. It is found in Malaysia and Indonesia. Aquilaria hirta are suited for carving and hard like stone, but the species of Aquilaria hirta are seldom used in perfume and incense du ...

'' *'' Aquilaria malaccensis'', , synonyms ''A. agallocha'' and ''A. secundaria'' *'' Aquilaria microcarpa'' *'' Aquilaria ophispermum'' *'' Aquilaria parvifolia'' *''

Aquilaria pentandra ''Aquilaria'' is a genus of fifteenNg, L.T., Chang Y.S. and Kadir, A.A. (1997) "A review on agar (gaharu) producing Aquilaria species" ''Journal of Tropical Forest Products'' 2(2): pp. 272-285 species of trees, called lign aloes or lign-aloes tr ...

'' *'' Aquilaria rostrata'' *'' Aquilaria rugosa'' *'' Aquilaria sinensis'' *''

Aquilaria subintegra ''Aquilaria'' is a genus of fifteenNg, L.T., Chang Y.S. and Kadir, A.A. (1997) "A review on agar (gaharu) producing Aquilaria species" ''Journal of Tropical Forest Products'' 2(2): pp. 272-285 species of trees, called lign aloes or lign-aloes tr ...

'' *''

Aquilaria urdanetensis ''Aquilaria'' is a genus of fifteenNg, L.T., Chang Y.S. and Kadir, A.A. (1997) "A review on agar (gaharu) producing Aquilaria species" ''Journal of Tropical Forest Products'' 2(2): pp. 272-285 species of trees, called lign aloes or lign-aloes tr ...

'' (Philippines) *'' Aquilaria yunnanensis''

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q9319172 Thymelaeoideae Malvales genera