Heterophyidae is a

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

intestinal The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus. The GI tract contains all the major organs of the digestive system, in humans ...

trematodes Trematoda is a class of flatworms known as flukes. They are obligate internal parasites with a complex life cycle requiring at least two hosts. The intermediate host, in which asexual reproduction occurs, is usually a snail. The definitive host ...

in the order

Plagiorchiida Plagiorchiida is a large order of trematodes, synonymous to Echinostomida. They belong to the Digenea, a large subclass of flukes. This order contains relatively few significant parasites of humans. The following families are placed here, organ ...

. Description: " Tegument covered by spines. Oral

sucker Sucker may refer to: General use * Lollipop or sucker, a type of confection * Sucker (slang), a slang term for a very gullible person * Hard candy ** Cough drop ** Mint (candy) Biology * Sucker (botany), a term for a shoot that arises undergro ...

not armed or armed by cyrcumoral spines.

Pharynx The pharynx (plural: pharynges) is the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and above the oesophagus and trachea (the tubes going down to the stomach and the lungs). It is found in vertebrates and invertebrates, though its struc ...

presented. Genital synus presented. Ventral and genital suckers usually not combined.

Cirrus Cirrus may refer to: Science *Cirrus (biology), any of various thin, thread-like structures on the body of an animal *Cirrus (botany), a tendril *Infrared cirrus, in astronomy, filamentary structures seen in infrared light *Cirrus cloud, a type ...

and

bursa ( grc-gre, Προῦσα, Proûsa, Latin: Prusa, ota, بورسه, Arabic:بورصة) is a city in northwestern Turkey and the administrative center of Bursa Province. The fourth-most populous city in Turkey and second-most populous in the ...

absent. Two

testes A testicle or testis (plural testes) is the male reproductive gland or gonad in all bilaterians, including humans. It is homologous to the female ovary. The functions of the testes are to produce both sperm and androgens, primarily testoster ...

located in posterior part of the body.

Vitellaria ''Vitellaria paradoxa'' (formerly ''Butyrospermum parkii''), commonly known as shea tree, shi tree (), or vitellaria, is a tree of the family Sapotaceae. It is the only species in the genus ''Vitellaria'',intermediate host In biology and medicine, a host is a larger organism that harbours a smaller organism; whether a parasitic, a mutualistic, or a commensalist ''guest'' (symbiont). The guest is typically provided with nourishment and shelter. Examples include a ...

s are

mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...

s of

Prosobranchia Prosobranchia was a large taxonomic subclass of sea snails, land snails and freshwater snails. This taxon of gastropods dates back to the 1920s. It has however been proven to be polyphyletic (consisting of more than one lineage of descent). Gene ...

, second intermediate hosts are

fish Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% of li ...

es.

Definite host In biology and medicine, a host is a larger organism that harbours a smaller organism; whether a parasitic, a mutualistic, or a commensalist ''guest'' (symbiont). The guest is typically provided with nourishment and shelter. Examples include a ...

s are

bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweigh ...

s and

mammal Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or ...

s, including

human Humans (''Homo sapiens'') are the most abundant and widespread species of primate, characterized by bipedalism and exceptional cognitive skills due to a large and complex brain. This has enabled the development of advanced tools, culture, ...

Genera

*''

Acanthotrema ''Acanthotrema'' is a genus of lichens in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by German lichenologist Andreas Frisch in 2006, with '' Acanthotrema brasilianum'' assigned as the type species In zoological nomenclature, a type ...

'' Travassos, 1928 *'' Alloheterophyes'' Pearson, 1999 *'' Apophallus'' Lühe, 1909 *''

Ascocotyle Heterophyidae is a family of intestinal trematodes in the order Plagiorchiida. Description: " Tegument covered by spines. Oral sucker not armed or armed by cyrcumoral spines. Pharynx presented. Genital synus presented. Ventral and genital suc ...

'' Looss, 1899 *'' Centrocestus'' Looss, 1899 *'' Cercarioides'' Witenberg, 1929 *'' Condylocotyla'' Pearson & Prevot, 1985 *''

Cryptocotyle ''Cryptocotyle'' is a genus of trematodes from the family Heterophyidae. The definitive hosts of the parasites are fish-eating birds and mammals. Species * ''Cryptocotyle americana'' Ciurea, 1924 * ''Cryptocotyle badamshini'' (Kurochkin, 1959) * ...

'' Lühe, 1899 *'' Dermocystis'' Stafford, 1905 *''

Galactosomum ''Galactosomum'' is a genus of flukes in the family Heterophyidae. There are currently 28 recognised species within the genus. They mainly infect aquatic birds, but often infest fish as larvae. Three species are known to use marine mammals as h ...

'' Looss, 1899 *'' Haplorchis'' Looss, 1899 *'' Haplorchoides'' Chen, 1949 *'' Heterophyes'' Cobbold, 1866 *'' Heterophyopsis'' Tubangui & Africa, 1938 *'' Heterotestophyes'' Leonov, 1957 *'' Irinaia'' Caballero & Bravo-Hollis, 1966 *''

Metagonimus ''Metagonimus'' is a genus of trematodes, or fluke worms, in the family Heterophyidae. It is a parasite causing metagonimiasis. Species There are 8 species within the genus ''Metagonimus'' include: * '' Metagonimus hakubaensis'' Shimazu, 1999 ...

'' Katsurada, 1912 *'' Neostictodora'' Sogandares-Bernal, 1959 *'' Opisthometra'' Poche, 1926 *'' Pandiontrema'' Oshmarin, 1963 *'' Phocitrema'' Goto & Ozaki, 1930 *'' Phocitremoides'' Martin, 1950 *''

Pholeter Heterophyidae is a family of intestinal trematodes in the order Plagiorchiida. Description: " Tegument covered by spines. Oral sucker not armed or armed by cyrcumoral spines. Pharynx presented. Genital synus presented. Ventral and genital suc ...

'' Odhner, 1915 *'' Procerovum'' Onji & Nishio, 1916 *'' Protoheterophyes'' Pearson, 2002 *'' Pseudogalactosoma'' Yamaguti, 1942 *'' Pseudopygidiopsis'' Yamaguti, 1971 *'' Pygidiopsis'' Looss, 1907 *'' Pygidiopsoides'' Martin, 1951 *'' Scaphanocephalus'' Jägerskiöld, 1903 *'' Sonkulitrema'' Ablasov & Chibichenko, 1960 *'' Stellantchasmus'' Onji & Nishio, 1916 *'' Stictodora'' Looss, 1899 *'' Taphrogonymus'' Cohn, 1904 *'' Tetracladium'' Kulachkova, 1954

References

External links

* http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Heterophyidae * https://web.archive.org/web/20110817025534/http://gelmintu.ru/klassy-rody-i-semejstva-gelmintov/semejstvo-heterophyidae-odhner-1914.html Trematode families {{parasitic animal-stub