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The sanctuary of
2.27.7
(translation J. G. Frazer, ''Pausanias's Description of Greece'', 1913, vol. 1, p. 113, slightly adapted). The temple could not have been in functioned to a later date than the 4th or 5th century, when all pagan shrines were closed during the persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire. Remains on the site include Roman baths, an underground cistern, a Roman fountain, a small Doric temple of Apollo (4th century BC), an altar, a shrine of the muses, living quarters for the sanctuary staff, a Roman gateway, and a stoa (late 4th century BC).
''Greece: An Oxford Archaeological Guide''
(Oxford), pp. 210–212. * Theodorou-Mavrommatidi, Anthi. 2004. An Early Helladic Settlement in the Apollon Maleatas Site at Epidauros. Die Ägäische Frühzeit 2. Serie: Forschungsbericht 1975–2002. Alram-Stern, Eva, ed. . Wien, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 2.2 Die Frühbronzezeit in Griechenland, mit Ausnahme von Kreta. Veröffentlichungen der Mykenischen Kommission 21, pp. 1167–1188. * Lambrinoudakis, V.K. 1981. Remains of the Mycenaean Period in the Sanctuary of Apollo Maleatas. Hägg, R., and N. Marinatos
''Sanctuaries and Cults in the Aegean Bronze Age''
Proceedings of the First International Symposium at the Swedish Institute in Athens, 12–13 May 1980. SkrAth, 4°, XXVII. Svenska Institutet i Athen, Stockholm, pp. 59–65.
The sanctuary of Apollo
Apollo, grc, Ἀπόλλωνος, Apóllōnos, label=genitive , ; , grc-dor, Ἀπέλλων, Apéllōn, ; grc, Ἀπείλων, Apeílōn, label= Arcadocypriot Greek, ; grc-aeo, Ἄπλουν, Áploun, la, Apollō, la, Apollinis, label ...
Maleatas ( el, Ἀπόλλων Μαλεάτας) is located on a low hill on Mount Kynortion, east of the sanctuary of Asklepios at Epidaurus.
At the peak of the hill was a small Early Helladic
Helladic chronology is a relative dating system used in archaeology and art history. It complements the Minoan chronology scheme devised by Sir Arthur Evans for the categorisation of Bronze Age artefacts from the Minoan civilization within a h ...
settlement, which was never built on in later periods. At the beginning of the Late Bronze Age
The Bronze Age is a historic period, lasting approximately from 3300 BC to 1200 BC, characterized by the use of bronze, the presence of writing in some areas, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second prin ...
, an open-air altar was used where animals were sacrificed and votives deposited in the ash. Dedications include votive bronze double axes, bronze swords, and clay animal figurines. There is evidence for cult activity in the Geometric period.
Most of the structures on the site belong to the 4th century BC or to the 2nd century AD, when there was a major building campaign paid for by Sextus Iulius Maior Antoninus Pythodorus, an aristocrat from Nysa, Anatolia and a Roman senator. Pausanias Pausanias ( el, Παυσανίας) may refer to:
*Pausanias of Athens, lover of the poet Agathon and a character in Plato's ''Symposium''
*Pausanias the Regent, Spartan general and regent of the 5th century BC
* Pausanias of Sicily, physician of t ...
, who visited the sanctuary in the third quarter of the 2nd century, described his contributions:
:"Above the sacred grove f Asklepios at Epidaurosis another mountain called Kynortion, on which there is a sanctuary of Apollo Maleatas. The sanctuary itself is ancient, but everything about it, including the cistern in which the rain-water is collected, is a gift of Antoninus to the Epidaurians."Pausanias, ''Description of Greece'2.27.7
(translation J. G. Frazer, ''Pausanias's Description of Greece'', 1913, vol. 1, p. 113, slightly adapted). The temple could not have been in functioned to a later date than the 4th or 5th century, when all pagan shrines were closed during the persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire. Remains on the site include Roman baths, an underground cistern, a Roman fountain, a small Doric temple of Apollo (4th century BC), an altar, a shrine of the muses, living quarters for the sanctuary staff, a Roman gateway, and a stoa (late 4th century BC).
Bibliography
* Christopher Mee and Anthony Spawforth. 2001''Greece: An Oxford Archaeological Guide''
(Oxford), pp. 210–212. * Theodorou-Mavrommatidi, Anthi. 2004. An Early Helladic Settlement in the Apollon Maleatas Site at Epidauros. Die Ägäische Frühzeit 2. Serie: Forschungsbericht 1975–2002. Alram-Stern, Eva, ed. . Wien, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 2.2 Die Frühbronzezeit in Griechenland, mit Ausnahme von Kreta. Veröffentlichungen der Mykenischen Kommission 21, pp. 1167–1188. * Lambrinoudakis, V.K. 1981. Remains of the Mycenaean Period in the Sanctuary of Apollo Maleatas. Hägg, R., and N. Marinatos
''Sanctuaries and Cults in the Aegean Bronze Age''
Proceedings of the First International Symposium at the Swedish Institute in Athens, 12–13 May 1980. SkrAth, 4°, XXVII. Svenska Institutet i Athen, Stockholm, pp. 59–65.
References
{{coord, 37, 35, 58, N, 23, 05, 08, E, region:GR-11_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki, display=title Temples of Apollo 4th-century BC religious buildings and structures