''Apographeus'' ( el, ἀπογραφεύς) was a fiscal official in the last centuries of the

Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...

. The office first appears in the

Komnenian period The Byzantine Empire was ruled by emperors of the Komnenos dynasty for a period of 104 years, from 1081 to about 1185. The ''Komnenian'' (also spelled ''Comnenian'') period comprises the reigns of five emperors, Alexios I Komnenos, Alexios I, Jo ...

, either under

Alexios I Komnenos Alexios I Komnenos ( grc-gre, Ἀλέξιος Κομνηνός, 1057 – 15 August 1118; Latinized Alexius I Comnenus) was Byzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118. Although he was not the first emperor of the Komnenian dynasty, it was during ...

() or at any rate by the third quarter of the 12th century, and apparently replaced the ''

anagrapheus ''Anagrapheus'' ( el, ἀναγραφεύς) was a Byzantine fiscal official in the 9th–12th centuries. The title does not appear in the lists of offices (''taktika''), but is attested on seals and monastic charters, with the first occurrence c ...

''. The office continued in existence until the

end End, END, Ending, or variation, may refer to: End *In mathematics: ** End (category theory) ** End (topology) **End (graph theory) ** End (group theory) (a subcase of the previous) **End (endomorphism) *In sports and games **End (gridiron footbal ...

of the Byzantine Empire in the 15th century. The ''apographeus'' was in charge of the land survey (''apographē'') that served as the basis for the tax assessment owed by individuals, as well for the purpose of redivision of lands (''merismos'') and the assessment of imperial grants of revenue (''posotēs'') of an estate to ''

pronoia The ''pronoia'' (plural ''pronoiai''; Greek: πρόνοια, meaning "care" or "forethought," from πρό, "before," and νόος, "mind") was a system of granting dedicated streams of state income to individuals and institutions in the late Byz ...

'' holders or to establishments such as monasteries and other pious foundations. The post of ''apographeus'' was often held in tandem by the governor ('' doux'', '' kephalē'') of a province.

References

Sources

* {{cite encyclopedia , last=Kazhdan , first=Alexander , author-link=Alexander Kazhdan , title = Apographeus , page=134 , editor-last=Kazhdan , editor-first=Alexander , editor-link=Alexander Kazhdan , encyclopedia=

The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium The ''Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium'' (ODB) is a three-volume historical dictionary published by the English Oxford University Press. With more than 5,000 entries, it contains comprehensive information in English on topics relating to the Byzant ...

, year=1991 , location=New York and Oxford , publisher=Oxford University Press , isbn=978-0-19-504652-6 Byzantine fiscal offices Taxation in the Byzantine Empire