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Apame was first mentioned in 
1 Esdras
1 Esdras ( grc-gre, Ἔσδρας Αʹ), also Esdras A, Greek Esdras, Greek Ezra, or 3 Esdras, is the ancient Greek Septuagint version of the biblical Book of Ezra in use within the early church, and among many modern Christians with varying degr ...
4:29Yet I have seen him with Apame, the king's concubine, the daughter of the illustrious Bartacus; she would sit at the king's right handThe preceding quotation is part of the Darius Contest interpolation. Versions of the story, which include Apame are found in Josephus and John Gower's Confessio Amantis. Alcuin Blamire describes the "Darius Contest" as important in "the discourse of anti-misogyny." The ""Darius contest" includes three versions which omit Apame. Scholars differ as to the identity of the king mentioned in 1 Esdras 3.4 and other sources. Josephus 3.1 says the king is the son (
Darius I
Darius I ( peo, 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 ; grc-gre, Δαρεῖος ; – 486 BCE), commonly known as Darius the Great, was a Persian ruler who served as the third King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, reigning from 522 BCE until his ...
) of Hystaspes Vishtaspa ( ae, wiktionary:𐬬𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬁𐬯𐬞𐬀, 𐬬𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬁𐬯𐬞𐬀 ; peo, wikt:𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱, 𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱, ), Hellenization, hellenized as Hystáspes (, ), may refer to:
* Vishtaspa (floruit, fl. ...
. Vanderkam also favours Darius I. Gower (vii.1889) changes the king’s name to Cirus (Cyrus the Great
Cyrus II of Persia (; peo, 𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁 ), commonly known as Cyrus the Great, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, the first Persian empire. Schmitt Achaemenid dynasty (i. The clan and dynasty) Under his rule, the empire embraced ...
). Cook suggests the names may not refer to historical characters. If real characters are the source, the candidates are Darius I or Darius III or Darius III
Darius III ( peo, 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 ; grc-gre, Δαρεῖος ; c. 380 – 330 BC) was the last Achaemenid King of Kings of Persia, reigning from 336 BC to his death in 330 BC.
Contrary to his predecessor Artaxerxes IV Arses, Dar ...
. There are two theories as to the source for Apame. Coggins and Knibb suggest a Persian name such as Apama or Apama II. Torrey suggests "we must look either to Egypt or Antioch."
References
{{Authority control Slave concubines Women in the Old Testament apocrypha Women of the Achaemenid Empire Ancient slaves