The Anzani 10 was a 1913 10-

cylinder A cylinder (from ) has traditionally been a three-dimensional solid, one of the most basic of curvilinear geometric shapes. In elementary geometry, it is considered a prism with a circle as its base. A cylinder may also be defined as an infin ...

air-cooled Air-cooled engines rely on the circulation of air directly over heat dissipation fins or hot areas of the engine to cool them in order to keep the engine within operating temperatures. In all combustion engines, a great percentage of the heat ge ...

radial aircraft engine. It powered several experimental aircraft and also the later production versions of the

Caudron G.3 The Caudron G.3 was a single-engined French sesquiplane built by Caudron, widely used in World War I as a reconnaissance aircraft and trainer. Development The Caudron G.3 was designed by René and Gaston Caudron as a development of their earli ...

reconnaissance aircraft, the

Caudron G.4 The Caudron G.4 was a French biplane with twin engines, widely used during World War I as a bomber. It was designed by René and Gaston Caudron as an improvement over their single-engined Caudron G.3. The aircraft employed wing warping for ban ...

bomber/trainer and the first production Cessna, the Model AA.

Design and development

In the first decade of the 20th century Anzani developed his upright 3-cylinder 'W' type motorcycle engine, which powered Bleriot's successful Channel crossing flight of 1909, into a three-cylinder symmetric or 'Y' radial, and from that to a 6-cylinder double-row radial engine. By 1912 he had built the Anzani 10, a 10-cylinder engine, air-cooled like its predecessors, which, like other Anzani engines, was made with different size cylinders. One of the more powerful versions produced about 110 hp (82 kW) from 12.1 litres, a British-built Anzani 10 was rated at 125 hp''Flight'', 2 May 1914 p.474 and a smaller version with a displacement of 8.27 litres produced 80 hp (60 kW). It was a double row engine, built with two rows of five cylinders separated along the crankshaft by about a cylinder radius, giving the engine a slimmer profile than other contemporary two-row radial engines. Each half had its own crankpin, 180° apart, with the connecting rods, of chrome nickel steel, broad and flat to bring the two halves close together.''Flight'', 24 January 1914 pp.97–8 Cylinder heads and pistons were made of cast iron, the latter machined inside and out and fitted with a pair of rings. Oil was forced through the crankshaft to the crankpins, then moved under centrifugal force to the cylinders and pistons from inside the crankcase which was a single light alloy casting. Both inlet and exhaust valves were in the cylinder heads. The automatic inlet valves of earlier Anzani engines, opened by atmospheric pressure and closed by valve springs''Flight'', 5 July 1913 p.748 were retained, but fuel was fed from a mixing chamber in the crankcase via inlet tubes placed at the rear of the engine to avoid cooling of the mixture by the oncoming airflow.''Flight'', 4 January 1913 p.21 This arrangement placed the exhaust valves at the front of the engine, where they were operated from a cam in the rear of the crankcase via push rods and rockers. A single carburettor fed the crankcase chambers from below. Some versions used a single Gibaud magneto, running at 3,000 rpm, though others built by British Anzani had a pair of Bosch magnetos, running slower. Plugs (K.L.G. for the British variant) were mounted in the sides of the cylinder heads, sloping upwards to avoid plug fouling by lubricating oil. The exhaust was collected by a prominent pair of semi-circular manifolds.

Operational history

One British-built 125 hp Anzani 10 underwent exhaustive tests at

Farnborough Farnborough may refer to: Australia * Farnborough, Queensland, a locality in the Shire of Livingstone United Kingdom * Farnborough, Hampshire, a town in the Rushmoor district of Hampshire, England ** Farnborough (Main) railway station, a railw ...

in 1914. Several early aircraft built singly or in small numbers flew with the Anzani 10, but the major users were the

and G.4, particularly the later ones in which the Anzani replaced the lower powered rotary Gnomes. Numbers of these are uncertain because of the engine change. Because they powered the 66 Caudron G.4s purchased by the American Expeditionary Force after September 1917, used largely as trainers, many Anzani 10s went to the USA. The first production aircraft built by Clyde Cessna, the Model AA was powered by the Anzani 10, and 14 of these were made. Huff-Daland also used them in several aircraft.

Applications

: Avro 504 K ''G-EBWO'' :

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: Blackburn Type I Land/Sea monoplane 1915 :

Blackburn White Falcon The Blackburn White Falcon was a two-seat single-engine monoplane built as a personal transport for Blackburn's test pilot during the First World War. Only one was built. Development The White Falcon was built by Blackburn during 1915 for the ...

1915 :

Blackburn Sidecar The Blackburn Sidecar was a two-seat ultra-light aircraft built by the Blackburn Aircraft, Blackburn Aeroplane & Motor Company at Brough in 1919. There is no evidence that it ever flew. Development The side-by-side two-seat Sidecar was buil ...

1921 :

Breda-Pensuti B.2 The Caproni-Pensuti 2 was a small single-engine sports triplane aircraft designed and built in Italy just before the end of World War I. It had a wingspan of only 4.0 m or a little over 13 ft. Design and development The Pensuti 2 was a ...

: Caudron Type F :

1914 :

1915 :

Central Centaur IV The Central Centaur IV, a.k.a. Central C.F.5, was a British civil two/three-seat biplane aircraft produced by Central Aircraft Company Limited of London. History The Centaur IV was a two-seat wire-braced, fabric-covered wooden biplane designed ...

1919 : Cessna Model AA 1920s :

Curtiss H-4 The Curtiss Model H was a family of classes of early long-range flying boats, the first two of which were developed directly on commission in the United States in response to the £10,000 prize challenge issued in 1913 by the London newspaper, ...

Deperdussin Seagull The Deperdussin Seagull was a seaplane developed by the British Deperdussin Company which was the English subsidiary of French company Société Pour les Appareils Deperdussin. Design and development In early 1912, Frederick Koolhoven was hir ...

1913 : Felixstowe F.1 : Handley Page Type G 1913 : Huff-Daland HD-1B : Huff-Daland HD-4 : Huff-Daland HD-9A : Huff-Daland TA-2 : London and Provincial Fuselage Biplane : Sopwith Grasshopper :

Timm Collegiate The Timm Collegiate was a series of American-built two-seat light aircraft of the late 1920s. Design and development Otto Timm founded the O.W. Timm Aircraft Corp in 1922 with its base at Glendale, California. The firm changed its name to the T ...

Vickers F.B. 12C Vickers was a British engineering company that existed from 1828 until 1999. It was formed in Sheffield as a steel foundry by Edward Vickers and his father-in-law, and soon became famous for casting church bells. The company went public in 18 ...

1917

Specifications (110 hp)

References

Notes

Bibliography

* * * * * * * * {{Anzani aeroengines 1910s aircraft piston engines Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines 10